APUSH- chapter 7 study guide
first continental congress
1774; response to Intolerable Acts; 55 men from 12 colonies meet on Philadelphia; created the association (large group that supported complete boycott)
What were the advantages of Britain on the eve of the American revolution?
Advantages: population (7.5 million: 2.5 million) monetary wealth naval power foreign soldier (Hessians) Indian and Loyalist aid
How did the colonies respond to Grenville's laws, specifically the Stamp Act?
Agrily, often violently. They bitterly protested "taxation without representation".
How did conflicts over taxation by imperial authority have parllels in North and South Smerica in the second half of the 1700's?
As the risks and costs of imperial competition soared, London and Madrid adopted the same strategy: pressure the colonies to pay their share. New taxes and customs duties followed, along with more energetic efforts to collect them. This led to protests and revotls in both Americas.
What events resulted in British soldiers landing in Boston and being involved in the Boston Massacre?
Backlash, including smuggling, against the Townshend Acts
What comparisons can be drawn in how England and Spain responded to global developments at the time?
Both became leery of each others' growing power in the Americas, which indirectly led to each taxing their coloneis in order to pay for military expedintures in the colonies.
In 1775, which side would a neutral observer have expected to win-- Britain or the colonies? Why?
Britain. They had a larger, better trained army with greater financial means.
How did Dickinson think the colonists should respond to the Stamp Act and other measures?
Dickinson believed in protesting peacefully and respectfully.
What were the disadvantages of Britain on the eve of the American revolution?
Ireland in chaos France desparate for revenge London gov. = confused and divided William Pitt no longer in charge (no strong leader) many british sympathized for colonies 3,000 miles away colonies had no urban center
What were disadvantages of the Continental Army?
Lacked discipline and training, not many soldiers, not well-equipped, no navy; badly organized economic difficulties; sectional jealousy
List the oppressive laws Britian put into place against the colonies in order.
Navigation Acts Sugar Act=grenville Quartering Act=grenville Stamp Act=grenville repeal stamp act/ declaratory acts townshend acts=townshend (pay for govs' salaries) monopolizing british east india tea company intolerable (coercive) acts
Were all the american grievances really justified, or were the British actually being more reasonable than most Americans have traditionally believed?
No, they complained and fought against any taxation, even if slight. England was just trying to get the colonists to help carry a fair portion of the burdenous debt for military and government services, etc. The British tried to bend over backwards in order to please the colonists, yet they would not be appeased til they had to pay no taxes from the mother country at all.
Evaluate the system of mercantilism. What were the benefits for Britain and for the colonies? What were the costs to Britain and to the colonies?
See above. Britain benefited from a trade imbalance in their favor as well as an outlet to sell their goods. Finally, Britain gained access to goods unavailable directly from their home country The colonies benefited from a great demand for their cash crops and military protection from Britain. Britain, despite benefiting off the colonies, worked tirelessly (and often unsuccessfully) to enforce their strict trade laws. The colonies were often endebted to Britain as they owed them much gold and silver to pay off a trade imbalance. This led to a currency shortage, which led to the creation of colonial paper money, which quickly depreciated. Colonists also felt too constrained by Mother Britain's absurd restrictions. Yet, Virginia enjoyed a monopoly in the British market and Britain paid New England ship builders well for their labour.
What role did mercantilism play in creating discord between British authorities and the colonists?
The London government looked on the American colonists more or less like tenants. They were expected to furnish productrs to Britain, to buy goods exclusively from England, and to not dream of self-government. The British strived to enforce this, creating friction and resentment in the process.
What was the revolutionary movement, at its core, really all about? Was it about the amount of taxation, the right of Parliament to tax, the political corruption of Britain and the virtue of America, the right of aking to govern America, ort he colonies' growing sense of national identity apart from BritaiN? Was the revolution truly a radical overturning of govenrment and society- the usual definition of a revolution- or something far more limited or even conservative in its defense of traditonal rights?
The revoltuion was about the colonists' growing sense of national identity separate from their mother country. A radical overturning
What factors help explain why the thirteen North American colonies of England broke away from the mother country while Spain's colonies failed to do so in the 1700's?
The thirteen colonies had the help of a vengeful France and leery Spain. Spanish colonies had no powerful allies to turn to.
How did the British respond to the Boston Tea Party?
They closed the Boston port til the tea was payed for. Parliament also passed a series of acts (Intolerable Acts) that swept away chartered rights from Massachusetts. The acts chastized Boston and placed restricitions on town meetings and gave authorieties the power to lodge British militants at any desired place (Quartering Act).
Contrast Dickinson's views with the path argued by Paine in Common Sense.
While, Paine supported radical revolt, Dickson wanted to resovle the situation constitutionally.
Was the American Revolution inevitable? Could American have gradually and peacefully developed independence within the British commonwealth, as Canada later did, rather than engaging in a violent revolt? At what point in time, if any, was a violent revolt inevitable? What could the British have done to stop the revolution?
Yes, revolution was inevitable. There was no way for the Americans to gain independence peacefully as both sides were determined to preserve what they considered theirs: independence for the colonies and dominion and wealth for the British. Though there were some political compromises (largely given by Britain), neither side was fully pleased. The violent revolt was inevitable after the Townshend Acts. Nothing could be done to stop the colonists.
list some effects of the intolerable acts
boston port closed until tea paid for Restrictions were placed on town meetings. Unlike before, officials who killed colonists in line of duty could now be sent to Britain for trial. New Quartering Act gave local authorities power to lodge soldiers anywhere, even private homes.
What were the advantages of the American colonists on the eve of the revolution?
great leadership (e.g. Washington, Marquis de layfayette) foreign aid from France work of European officers for pay (Marquis de layfayette) moral advantage agriculturally self-sustainable
who organized the first committies of correspondence
samuel adams
massachusetts gov who did not support radicalism
thomas huthcinson
what philosophy did grenville support
virtual representation