APUSH Chapters 11-12 Exam

In 1860, what percentage of southern white families were in the slave owning class?

25 percent

The US slave population by 1860 was approximately:

4 million

On the eve of the Civil War, approximately how much of the world's cotton supply came from the southern United States?

75 percent

The Declaration of Sentiments stated, "He has created a false public sentiment, by giving to the world a different code of morals for men and women, by which moral delinquencies which exclude women from society, are not only tolerated but deemed of little account in man." Which of the following is an example of this sentiment?

A woman who committed adultery was ostracized more than a man who did this same act

Which state enacted a far-reaching law allowing married women to sign contracts and buy and sell property?

New York

Why could someone argue that the North was complicit in the expansion of slavery?

Northern factory demand for cotton steadily increased

The reform communities established in the years before the Civil War

Set out to reorganize society on a cooperative basis

What economic effect did southern slavery have on the North?

Southern slavery helped finance industrialization and internal improvements in the North

From 1800 to 1860, which of the following occurred to the South and its economy?

Because the South was a slave society, most immigrants stayed away

The Oneida community:

Controlled which of its members would be allowed to reproduce

How did the Second Great Awakening influence American society?

It inspired some to combat the sins of society, such as alcoholism

What was the purpose of the bloomer?

It was functional clothing that made work less restrictive

in regard to utopian communities, how do spiritually oriented groups compare to societies with a worldly orientation?

Spiritual groups usually lasted for longer time periods

Who said that the language in the Declaration of Independence—that all men were created equal and entitled to liberty—was "the most false and dangerous of all political errors"?

John C. Calhoun

What role did Christianity play in slavery?

Teaching slaves about Christianity helped to reinforce the owners' ideas on paternalism

What did reformers commonly believe about prisons and asylums?

That they could rehabilitate individuals and then release them back into society

In Joseph Taper's letter to Joseph Long, how does Taper analyze his experience of living in Canada?

The British system allowed for more "pursuit of happiness"

The Seneca Falls Convention's Declaration of Sentiments was modeled after:

The Declaration of Independence

In the New Testament, Jesus did not condemn slavery. What did this mean to southern slaveholders?

The New Testament could be used to endorse slavery

How did reformers reconcile their desire to create moral order with their quest to enhance personal freedom?

They argued that too many people were "slaves" to various sins and that freeing the from this enslavement would enable them to compete economically

How did utopian leaders differ from Henry David Thoreau?

Thoreau focused on the individual, while utopian leaders emphasized the community

According to Alexis de Tocqueville, what were the most important institutions for organizing Americans?

Voluntary associations

While the North emphasized egalitarianism, the South stressed:

a code of honor

By 1840, the temperance movement in the United States had:

encouraged a substancial decrease in the consumption of alcohol

The internal slave trade in the United States involved the movement of hundreds of thousands of enslaved persons from:

older states like Virginia to the Lower South

In the South, the paternalist ethos:

reflected the hierarchical society in which the planter took responsibility for the lives of those around him

From 1840 to 1860, the price of a "prime field hand":

rose about 80 percent, which made it harder for southern whites to enter the slaveholding class

Utopian communities were unlikely to attract much support because most Americans:

saw property ownership as key to economic independence, but nearly all the utopian communities insisted that members give up their property

What was true of the South and slavery in nineteenth-century America?

The Old South had developed into the largest and most powerful slave society the modern world has known

The plantation masters had many means to maintain order among their slaves. According to the text, what was the most powerful weapon the plantation masters had?

The threat of sale

The relationship between rich southern planters and poor southern farmers:

benefited in part from a sense of unity bred by criticism from outsiders

Slave religion:

combined African traditions and Christian beliefs

The Seneca Falls Convention's Declaration of Sentiments:

condemned the entire structure of inequality between men and women

Dorothea Dix devoted much time to the crusade for the:

construction of humane mental hospitals for the insane

Abolitionists challenged stereotypes about African-Americans by:

countering the pseudoscientific claim that they formed a separate species

Angelina and Sarah Grimké:

critiqued the prevailing notion of separate spheres for men and women

Common schools:

existed in northern states by the time of the Civil War

Southern farmers in the backcountry:

generally worked the land using family labor

Frederick Douglass argued that:

slaves were truer to the principles of the Declaration of Independence than were most white Americans

Like Indian removal, the colonization of former slaves rested on the premise that America:

was fundamentally a white society