APUSH EXAM (6-10)

B

The creation of the Dominion of New England A. Increased democracy in the colonies B. Increased the power of the governor of the area C. Allowed New England colonies o discuss common grievances D. Guaranteed direct control of the kind over affairs in the New England colonies

Mayflower compact

The document that promised that their settlement would have a government answerable to the will of the governed (1620)

Lexington and concord

The first battle of the revolutionary war.

B

The growth of colonial assemblies alarmed the British for all of the following reasons except A. Assemblies holding the "power of the purse" could ultimately undermine British control B. Assemblies increased democratic tendencies in the colonies C. Assemblies occasionally ignored or resisted instructions from Great Britain D. Governors appointed in Britain had little control over these assemblies in most colonies

Colombian exchange

The movement of European foods, animals, ideas and ideologies went to the Western Hemisphere and animals, plants, gold, and local customs came back to Europe

C

The purpose of the olive branch petition was to A. Rally colonial support for war against Great Britain B. Petition the King for redress of economic grievances by the colonies C. Ask the King to craft a solution to end the tensions between Great Britain and the colonies D. Ask the King to grant independence to the colonies

Navigation Acts

1660. Acts passed by the British parliament increasing the dependence of the colonies on the English for trade; these acts caused great resentment in the American colonies but we're not strictly enforced

Salem witch trials

1692. Trials in Salem, Massachusetts, after which 19 people were executed as witches

First Great Awakening

1720s-1740s. A great religious revival. Promotors of this time believed individuals weren't devoted enough to God

Molasses Act

1733. Act that tightened British control over colonial trade

Albany congress

1754. Where the colonies attempted to coordinate their policies concerning further westward settlement and concerning Native Americans

French and Indian War

1756-1763. Also known as the seven's year war, a conflict between the British and the French defeat in this war greatly decreased their influence in the colonies

Sugar act

1764. This act conceded that the colonies were importing large amounts of French molasses, but it increased the penalties for colonial smuggling and ensured that the colonists would pay the British a duty for all the molasses brought into the colonies

Currency act

1764. This act made it illegal to print paper money in the colonies

Stamp act

1765. Imposed by the British, this act dictated that all legal documents in the colonies had to be issued on officially stamped paper. This act created strong resentment in the colonies and was later repealed

Townshend Act

1767. British legislation that forced colonies to pay duties on most goods coming from England; these duties were fiercely resisted and finally repealed in 1770

Boston Massacre

1770. Conflict between British soldiers and Boston civilians on March 5, 1770; five colonists were killed and six wounded

Boston tea party

1773. In response to British taxes on tea, Boston radicals disguised as native Americans threw 350 chests of tea into Boston harbor in December 16, 1773; important symbolic act of resistance to British economic control of the colonies

First continental congress

1774. Meeting in Philadelphia at which colonists vowed to resist further efforts to tax them without their consent

Common sense

1776. Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine attacking the system of government by monarchy; this document was very influential throughout the colonies

Battle of yorktown

1781. Defeat of the British in Virginia, ending their hopes of winning the revolutionary war

Articles of confederation

1781. Document establishing the first government of the United States; the federal government was given limited power and the states much power

Treaty of Paris

1783. Treaty ending the revolutionary war; by this treaty Great Britain recognized American independence and gave Americans the territory between the Appalachian mountains and the Mississippi River

Northwest ordinance

1784, 1785, 1787. Bills authorizing the sale of land in the northwest territory to raise money for the federal government; bills also laid out procedures for these territories to eventually attain statehood

Shays rebellion

1786. Rebellion in Massachusetts over raised taxes. Farmers took up arms, closed government buildings and freed farmers from debtors prison. Demonstrated that stronger state and national governments were needed

C

A colony designed as a refuge for English Catholics was A) Pennsylvania B) South Carolina C) Maryland D) Virginia

D

A major effect of the Stono Rebellion was A. An increase in the number of slaves bright into the southern colonies B. Increased fortification around several southern cities C. An attempt by slave owners to lessen the horrors of the middle passage D. Harsher treatment of slaves in many parts of the south

Declaratory

Act that stated that parliament had the right to tax and pass legislations regarding the colonies "in all cases whatsoever"

C

All of the following were contained in the treaty of Paris of 1783 except A. Territory west of the Appalachian mountains was ceded to the Americans B. American independence was recognized by Great Britain C. Quebec and the area immediately surrounding it was ceded to the Americans D. Former loyalists in the colonies could retrieve property seized from them during the revolutionary war

Treaty of Utrecht

As a result of this treaty, France was forced to surrender Newfoundland, Acadia, Territories along the Hudson River and more access to the Great Lakes region to the British

A

At the beginning of the revolutionary war, the British were extremely confident of victory because all of the following reasons except A. They had outstanding generals that would be commanding British forces in the Americas B. There were many loyalists throughout the American colonies C. The continental army suffered from poor discipline D. The British had an outstanding navy

Proprietorships

Colonies in which residents who owned property elected assemblies and governors appointed by the proprietors themselves

Proprietary colonies

Colonies that were given to a single individual or group of individuals instead of a stock company

George Washington

Commander in chief of the continental army

Triangular trade

Complex trading system that developed in the 17th & 18th century between Europe, Africa and the colonies; Europeans purchased slaves in Africa and sold them to the colonies, raw materials from the colonies went to Europe, while European finished products were sold in the colonies

Declaration of rights and grievances

Compromise worked out by John Adams at the first continental congress that stated that the colonists would not object to measures designed to regulate their external commerce

Benedict Arnold

Continental army general who went over to the British side of the war in 1780

Aztecs

Cortes conquered the..

Committees of correspondence

Created first in Massachusetts and then in other colonies, these groups circulated grievances against the British to towns within their colonies

Dominion of New England

Created to revoke the charters of all the colonies from New Jersey to Maine and placed immense powers in the hands of Sir Edmund Andros, the governor

October 17, 1781

Day General Cornwallis surrendered to the continental army

July 4, 1776

Day the Declaration of Independence was formally approved

Declaration of Independence

Document written by Thomas Jefferson stating that men had certain "unalienable rights" that included "life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."

Salutary Neglect

Early eighteenth-century British policy relaxing the strict enforcement of trade policies in the American colonies

Mercantilism

Economic system practiced by European powers in the late 17th century stating that economic self-sufficiency was crucial; as a result, colonial empires were important for raw materials

D

English people came to the New World because of A) their dislike for the Church of England B) overcrowding in English cities C) economic opportunities D) all of the above

Stono Rebellion

Famous slave trade that occurred near Charleston, South Carolina in 1739. Nearly 100 slaves revolted against several plantation owners. The result of the rebellion was that slaves were treaty more harshly than they had before

Olive branch petition

Final gesture of peace towards the British government from the second continental congress. This document asked the king to formulate a "happy and permanent reconciliation." The King refused to even read the document your

Jamestown

First permanent English settlement in America (1607)

John Rolfe

First to begin the cultivation of Tobacco in Jamestown

D

For the British, the major economic role of the American Colonjes was A. To produce manufactured goods the English did not want to produce B. To produce crops such as tobacco C. To produce raw materials such as lumber D. Both B & C

Samuel de Champlain

Founder of Quebec

William Howe

General of the British army

Puritans

Group of religious dissidents who came to the New World so they would have a location to establish a "purer" church than the one that existed in England

Indentured servants

Individuals who exchanged compulsory service for free passage to the American colonies

French

Invaluable ally to the American forces during the revolutionary war. Especially critical was the presence of their navy

Bunker hill

June 1775. Bloody battle in Boston. The colonist were defeated, but at the expense of nearly 1,000 British dead or wounded

William Bradford

Leader of the Pilgrims

John Calvin

Leader of the Puritans

Unicameral legislature

Legislature consisting of one assembly. This was the main organ of the new United States government, in which each state would have one vote

Bicameral legislatures

Legislature that is divided up into two separate assemblies, with more power usually given to the upper house. Adopted into the state governments of all states except Pennsylvania and Vermont

Separatists

Religious group that opposed the Church of England

Easy European encroachment

Result of minimal Native Americans alliances before European exploration

Glorious Revolution

Revolution in England that removed James II from the throne and replace him with William of Orange and Mary

D

Slave labor was brought to the Western Hemisphere by colonists because A) the region was lightly populated when the Spanish arrived B) Native Americans were unfamiliar with the tools and methods necessary to harvest sugarcane c) Aztec and Inca leaders had already begun to import slaves even before Spanish explorers arrived D) there was a lack of manpower to do the labor-intensive work of harvesting sugarcane

Encomienda

System where natives were given to Spanish colonists who provided protection in return for their labor

Shipbuilding and navigational tools

What new technology encouraged expansion because ships could travel farther and safer?

Mercantilism

What system stressed the idea of exporting more than you import

Treaty of Paris

What treaty ended the French and Indian war in 1763 and also French influence in the Americas

Western route to the Indies

What was the initial goal of Columbus' voyage

Valley forge

Where Washington's army camped for the winter of 1777-1778. Cold weather, malnutrition and desertion severely hurt the army.

Stamp act congress

Where nine colonies met together and representatives reaffirmed the principle that taxation of the colonies be imposed only from within the colonies

B

Which colonists enjoyed the best relations with the Native Americans? A) Spanish B) French C) Dutch D) English

B

Which of the following was not an initial result of interaction between Spanish explorers and Native Americans A) disease that killed many of the Native Americans B) domestication by Native Americans of animals brought by Spanish explorers C) spread of Catholicism D) plants from South and Central America being sent back to Europe

A

Who of the following was not a religious dissenter in Massachusetts bay? A) William Bradford B) Roger Williams C) Anne Hutchinson D) Thomas Hooker

Nomads

Why were alliances between Native tribes rare?

C

William Pitt was able to convince the colonies to fight in the seven years was by A. Threatening military reprisals by the British army B. Threatening to make the colonies fight the French by themselves C. Putting the recruiting of troops in the colonies totally in the hands of the colonies themselves D. Paying colonial soldiers generous bonuses to fight against the French

D

Women were important in the war effort because they A. Provided much of the financial backing for the colonial cause B. Wrote influential articles in colonial newspapers urging the colonies to resist the British C. Provided clothing and blankets for the frozen troops at valley forge D. Maintained economic stability in the colonies by managing households across the colonies while men were off fighting the British

C

One factor not responsible for European expansion into the Western Hemisphere was A) desire for economic expansion B) desire to expand Christianity C) democratization of European society D) better shipbuilding and navigational tools

Thomas Jefferson

Person appointed to drafting the Declaration of Independence

Fur trading

Primary industry for settlers in Quebec

Labor

Primary reason for employing slaves

Intolerable acts

Punishment against the colonies. These acts took effect by May 1774

Sons of Liberty

Radical group that organized resistance against British policies in Boston in 1760s and 1770s. This was the group that organized the Boston tea party

God, glory & gold

Reasons for Europe to be interested in the Americas

Bacon's rebellion

Rebellion in 1676 over the Navigation Acts in Virginia

Bacon's rebellion

Limitation of the power of the Royal governor by the Virginia Gentry and an increase in slave trade were both a result of what event in 1676

Second continental congress

May 1775. Meeting that authorized the creation of a continental army; many delegates still hopes that conflict could be avoided with the british

Loyalist

Men who were still in support of the King during the revolutionary war. Many were apart of the economic elite

B

Most delegates at the first continental congress of 1774 A. Felt that there should be a total boycott of British goods by the colonies B. Felt that the colonies should for my resist measures to tax them without their consent C. Felt that it was time to seriously consider military measures against the British D. Wanted the British to totally refrain from regulation trade to the the colonies

A

Most early English colonies were different from those of Spain and France because they A) were not directly ruled by the crown B) granted rights to Indians C) were economic failures D) were more sparsely populated

Disease

Most influential way of killing Native Americans

Astrolabe and compass

New technology that encouraged European expansion

C

North American Native American tribes A) displayed a uniformity of lifestyle B) modeled themselves after tribes from Central America and Mexico C) were greatly varied in lifestyle and economic systems D) formed alliances on numerous occasions to fight competing tribes

Saratoga

On October 17, 1777, the British army under the command of John Burgoyne was forced to surrender here. This was the beginning to the end of the British fight

Spain

What country sponsored Columbus' voyage?

D

The stamp act created great fury in the colonies because A. It imposed massive duties on the colonies B. It was the first time parliament had imposed a duty on the colonies C. It took badly needed revenue away from colonial legislatures D. This was the first time that parliament imposed a direct tax on the colonies

C

The statement "taxation without representation is tyranny" was first proclaimed by A. Benjamin Franklin B. John Hancock C. Samuel Adams D. Patrick Henry

A

The very first Americans A) were nomadic wanderers B) lived in permanent sites C) were subsistence farmers D) predated Spain's arrival in the New World by only two countries

B

The weakness of the national government created by the articles of confederation was demonstrated by the fact that it was not given the power to A. Mediate disputes between states B. Raise an army C. Conduct foreign relations D. Print money

Quartering Act

This act insisted that colonial governments provide food and accommodations for British troops stationed in the colonies

Suffolk resolves

This act stated that colonies would continue to boycott English imports and approve the efforts of Massachusetts to operate a colonial government free from British control until the intolerable acts were rescinded

Massachusetts Bay Colony

This colony was established in 1629 by the puritans as a "city upon a hill" where the will of God could be manifested

Triangular trade in

Under this system, finished products from Europe went to Africa and the Americas, while raw materials from various colonies went to Europe

Middle passage

Voyage taken by African slaves on horribly overcrowded ships from Africa to the Americas

C

What changes in the slave system of the southern colonies began in the 1730s? A. The Dutch lost the monopoly on slave trading, thus increasing the number of slaves being brought into the Americas B. Conditions during the middle passage began to slightly improve C. More slaves began to lie and work on larger plantations D. A series of slave rebellions created much harsher treatment for slaves