APUSH Gilded Age
Why did cities grow?
1. immigrants arrived for work 2. farm machines replaced farmers, so they moved to cities 3. black Americans came to north after Civil War
What year did Reconstruction end?
1877
When was the Gilded Age?
1877-1896
Who came to America between 1870-1920?
20 million Europeans from Southern and Eastern Europe (Jewish/Catholic)
How much of the population in the 1900's was in the cities?
40%
How many days did people in steel mills work?
7 days a week
What is a trust?
A group of executives working together (signing a contract to join a company)
What is bloc voting?
A group of people who have the same ideals therefore they vote for the same candidate
What was the Congress of Industrial Organizations? (CIO)
A labor union for semi-skilled workers such as janitors
What was the American Federation of Labor? (AFL)
A national labor union made up of mostly skilled white males who wanted higher wages and shorter work weeks
Who used the Bessemer process?
Andrew Carnegie
What were the working conditions like?
At least 12 hours a day, 6 days a week
What is a monopoly?
Buying out competition within a market
What was Henry Ford the founder of?
Cars (Ford)
What is bimetallism?
Changing currency from just gold to both gold and silver
What is Social Gospel?
Church is responsible for the social issues
Where is the gold from on Georgia's Capitol building?
Dahlonega
What is Tammany Hall?
Famous political machine that helps people get into office because of their help for immigrants
What is vertical integration?
Gaining control over all aspects of production
What is horizontal integration?
Gaining control over one aspect of production
What is the Compromise of 1877?
Hayes became president because the North pulled their troops out of the South. The old Southern Democrats then started taking rights away from the black Americans.
Who is Boss Tweed?
Hero for immigrants, but bad for the people already living in New York City
What type of integration did J.D. Rockefeller use?
Horizontal Integration
Where did the labor force come from?
Immigration
What is the Women's Christian Temperance Union?
It is an organization of Christian women banded together against alcoholism, which led to the 18th amendment
What was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?
It prohibited Chinese laborers from entering the United States until 1943
What is the Morill Act of 1862?
Land was set aside for colleges (land grant colleges (UGA is an example))
If you called out sick, did you get paid?
No
Where in Europe did the second phase of immigrants come from?
Northern (Ireland and Germany)
What is the Bessemer Process?
Process in which iron is made into steel
What is another term for Captains of Industry?
Robber Barons
What president ended Reconstruction?
Rutherford B. Hayes
Who was the head of the AFL?
Samuel Gompers
Where in Europe did the third phase of immigrants come from?
Southern and Eastern (Italy (Mediterranean))
What was J.D. Rockefeller the founder of?
Standard Oil
What was Cornelius Vanderbilt the founder of?
Steamboats
What was Andrew Carnegie the founder of?
Steel industry
Who immigrated first?
The Chinese (they were attracted to the railroad industry)
What did Dumbbell Tenements lead to?
The creation of Hull House, suburbs, and ethnic neighborhoods
What is urbanization?
The growth of cities
What is immigration?
The movement of individuals into an area
What is populist?
The population
What is industrialization?
The process by which people moved from making products in homes to making products in factories
What invested in Carnegie?
The railroad industry
What is political corruption?
The use of powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain
How much did children as young as 5 work for?
They worked for 12-14 hours a day for $0.27 a day
What type of integration did Andrew Carnegie use?
Vertical Integration
Where in Europe did the first immigrants come from?
Western (Britain)
What was the purpose of labor unions?
Workers joined together to try to get better wages and improved working conditions
Can you set the price when you own a monopoly?
Yes
Did old immigrants resent new immigrants?
Yes
Did the family size decrease during this time?
Yes
Was there discrimination in the South and West?
Yes
What makes up a factory?
labor force, natural resources, capital, entrepreneurs, and technology
Who was being exploited?
man immigrants' children
What were the issues associated with urbanization?
overcrowding, jobs, who is growing food?, bimetallism, money, disease, infrastructure
