APUSH ID Terms Chapter 23

Thomas Nast

"Father of the American Cartoon," German-born American editorial cartoonist famous for "Boss Tweed" cartoons.

Plessy v. Ferguson

"separate but equal"

Ulysses S. Grant

18th president of the United States, general of the Union army under Lincoln, big fan of the spoils system.

Hard-money

A hard money loan is a specific type of asset-based loan financing through which a borrower receives funds secured by real property. Hard money loans are typically issued by private investors or companies.

Jim Fisk and Jay Gould

Black Friday, September 24, 1869 was caused by the efforts of two speculators, Jay Gould and James Fisk, to corner the gold market on the New York Gold Exchange.

Greenbacks

Greenbacks were paper currency (printed in green on the back) issued by the United States during the American Civil War.

Whiskey Ring

In the United States, the Whiskey Ring was a scandal, exposed in 1875, involving diversion of tax revenues in a conspiracy among government agents, politicians, whiskey distillers, and distributors. The Whiskey Ring began in St. Louis but was also organized in Chicago, Milwaukee, Cincinnati, New Orleans, and Peoria.

Jim Crow laws

Jim Crow laws were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States. Enacted after the Reconstruction period, these laws continued in force until 1965.

Chinese Exclusion Act

The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882. It was one of the most significant restrictions on free immigration in US history, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers.

Credit Mobilier

The Crédit Mobilier scandal of 1872 involved the Union Pacific Railroad and the Crédit Mobilier of America construction company in the building of the eastern portion of the First Transcontinental Railroad.

Gilded Age

The Gilded Age in United States history is the late 19th century, from the 1870s to about 1900. The term was coined by writer Mark Twain in The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today (1873), which satirized an era of serious social problems masked by a thin gold gilding.

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 started on July 14 in Martinsburg, West Virginia, in response to the cutting of wages for the third time in a year by the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad (B&O). Striking workers would not allow any of the trains, mainly freight trains, to roll until this third wage cut was revoked.

McKinley Tariff Act of 1890

The McKinley Tariff Act of 1890, sponsored by William McKinley, a Republican Senator from Ohio, increased the tariffs on manufactured goods to as high as 49 percent.

Pendleton Act of 1883

The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act (ch. 27, 22 Stat. 403) of United States is a federal law established in 1883 that decided that government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation.

Boss Tweed

William M. Tweed, boss of Tammany Hall, New York Senator, Democrat.

Populists

a member of the Populist Party, a US political party formed in 1891 that advocated the interests of labor and farmers, free coinage of silver, a graduated income tax, and government control of monopolies.

William Jennings Bryan

orator and politician from Nebraska that was a big part of the Populist Party and their platforms.