APUSH Midterm Pt.2
Which of the following most directly contributed to the development described in the excerpt?
A belief by southern businessmen that the southern economy should focus on the export of select agricultural products
Which of the following can be concluded about the United States based on the author's descriptions in the excerpt?
A common national culture was developing.
In the first half of the 1800s, which of the following resulted from the debates about the cotton economy described in the excerpt?
A distinct Southern economic and cultural identity emerged.
Article 6 of the treaty most likely reflected which of the following sentiments?
A hope held by some in government that American Indians would adopt lifestyles similar to the lifestyles of White settlers.
Changes in ideas about men's and women's gender roles in the family, resulting from the market revolution, most directly contributed to which of the following shifts in American social practices during the same period?
A new emphasis on the separation between the public and private spheres.
Which of the following is a similarity between White's and Hahn's overall arguments in the excerpts about interactions between American Indians and the United States in the late 1800s?
Both claim that United States officials sought to restrict the authority of tribes over individuals.
Which of the following pieces of evidence could best be used to modify the argument in the excerpt that many enslaved people engaged in oppositional activities?
Large-scale rebellions by enslaved African Americans in the first half of the 1800s were largely unsuccessful.
Which of the following was the most important reason that Native American relations with English settlers differed from Native American relations with other groups of European settlers in the 1600s?
Larger numbers of English colonists settled on land taken from Native Americans.
Which of the following best describes the context from which the ideas expressed in the excerpt emerged?
Political leaders sought to encourage domestic economic development.
Which of the following pieces of evidence would best refute Jackson's claim about his predecessors' policies toward American Indians, as described in the first paragraph of the excerpt?
President George Washington enforced treaties guaranteeing American Indians in New York rights to their land.
The claims in the excerpt were most likely interpreted as opposing which of the following existing federal government policies at the time?
Promoting economic development through foreign trade.
Which of the following most directly contributed to the decision in Philadelphia referenced in the excerpt to build a specific meeting house for the new preachers?
Religious pluralism was more accepted in the middle colonies and particularly in the colony of Pennsylvania than elsewhere.
The Fourteenth Amendment emerged from which of the following contexts?
Republican concerns that African Americans would be denied citizenship rights.
Which of the following conclusions can best be reached based on the sentiments expressed in the excerpt?
Sectional tensions erupted because most Southerners did not support Abraham Lincoln.
Which of the following best describes a purpose of the excerpt?
The Virginia governor is seeking support from the colonial legislature for his plan to address conflict between settlers and American Indians in frontier areas.
The second paragraph of the excerpt makes which of the following claims about the populations of men and women in the colonies?
The populations of men and women in New England were roughly equal from the time of its founding.
The trend in the population percent increase from 1790 to 1800 most likely indicates which of the following?
The rapid movement of migrants to newly settled states such as Kentucky and Tennessee.
The failure of the Articles of Confederation resulted in which of the following changes in the government of the United States?
The ratification of a constitution that established a stronger central government
Which of the following late-nineteenth-century federal actions most directly supported the ideas expressed in the excerpt?
The sale of land to settlers at low cost.
The first paragraph of the excerpt makes which of the following claims?
The settlers of New England varied in age more than emigrants to the Chesapeake did.
The percentages of White and African American populations in South Carolina shown in the table most directly suggest the
expansion of slavery in the Deep South.
The point of view expressed by the Virginia governor in the excerpt is that he
feels a responsibility to protect White frontier settlers from violent encounters with American Indians.
The expansion of participatory democracy in the Jacksonian era most likely influenced the Second Great Awakening by
giving rise to individualistic beliefs.
The experience of enslaved people in the southern British colonies as described in the excerpt was similar to the experience of enslaved people in the northern British colonies because
many enslaved people in both regions developed strategies to resist slavery.
The White and Black populations in New England shown in the table most directly suggest the
minimal use of enslaved labor in New England compared to other regions.
The reaction to the situation described in the third paragraph represented a continuity with which of the following earlier colonial developments?
A strict racial system was established that separated enslaved people from European colonists.
Which of the following most directly contributed to the advanced development of both pre-Columbian American societies described in the excerpt?
Adaptation to and use of the natural environment for their own benefit.
The Ghost Dance, a religious movement that developed in the late nineteenth century, emerged from which of the following?
American Indians' distress over loss of tribal authority.
Which of the following can be concluded based on the situation in which Calhoun gave this speech?
Americans debated how to integrate conquered territories into the United States.
Which of the following developments helps to explain the rise in exports from the West Coast depicted in the graph?
An expansion in the railroad network led to greater access of western farmers to eastern markets.
Innovations in shipping and the growth of commercial networks were most directly related to which of the following other developments of the first half of the nineteenth century?
An increase in the number of Americans moving west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Which of the following developments in labor systems in the United States before the Civil War is reflected by the data in the graph?
An internal trade in enslaved people spread throughout the South.
Which of the following claims is supported by the author's main argument in the excerpt?
Andrew Jackson can be blamed for the unintended effects of Indian removal.
Which of the following best explains why Washington warned against foreign alliances?
Britain and France were at war with each other, and both threatened United States interests.
The Second Great Awakening was most directly related to which of the following other historical developments of the early nineteenth century?
Challenges to Enlightenment views of rationalism.
Lincoln's rhetoric in the excerpt would most likely have been interpreted as promoting which of the following arguments?
Changing the purpose of the war would strengthen the Union cause.
Which of the following groups would most likely have supported secession from the United States after the 1860 presidential election?
Southern Democrats.
Which of the following helps to explain the development of railroad transportation as depicted in the graph?
Distribution of federal government subsidies to railroad corporations.
The Dawes Act (1887) did which of the following?
Divided Native American tribal lands into individual holdings.
Which of the following was a piece of evidence Hamilton used to support his argument in the excerpt?
Earlier attempts to form associations of states in Europe had failed.
The claims made by White and Hahn about United States policies toward American Indians in the late nineteenth century are similar in that they both support which of the following arguments?
Federal officials desired to encourage the adoption of White American lifestyles by American Indians.
Ideas in the excerpt would most likely have influenced which of the following?
Efforts at assisting enslaved people in escaping from the South.
Which of the following could best be used as evidence to support the argument in the third paragraph of the excerpt that enslaved people engaged in oppositional activities?
Enslaved African Americans routinely caused tools to break or worked more slowly as means of resistance.
Which of the following can be concluded about the relationship between the United States and Europe based on the situation described in the excerpt?
European styles continued to influence American society.
Which of the following developments in the 1500s is best illustrated by the excerpt?
Europeans sought new sources of wealth in the Americas.
Which of the following developments in the late 1400s and early 1500s is depicted in the excerpt?
Europeans undertook voyages across the Atlantic to the Americas in search of new sources of wealth.
Which of the following does the author use to support his argument about the power of the states under the Confederation?
Foundational political documents written during the American Revolution.
Which of the following best describes Jefferson's point of view about government as expressed in the excerpt?
Government should limit interference in the lives of its citizens.
Which of the following best explains a result of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) ?
Great Britain gained a claim to land extending to the Mississippi River.
The excerpt best provides evidence about which of the following historical situations in the late 1840s?
Growing sectional tensions caused by the Mexican-American War.
The phrase in the excerpt "Some of them seem willing to fight for you" could most likely be interpreted as having which of the following purposes?
Highlighting the enlistment of formerly enslaved people into the Union army.
The excerpt could best be used by historians studying which of the following?
How Lincoln used executive powers to initiate wartime policy.
Which of the following arguments about the Mexican-American War do the excerpts best support?
It generated debates over citizenship.
In the excerpt, Crosby makes which of the following claims about the transmission of Old World diseases to the Americas?
It was an unintended consequence of contact between the New World and the Old World.
Which of the following describes a context that most influenced the implementation of the government policy discussed in the excerpt?
Many Americans desired the United States to expand its western land claims.
Which of the following pieces of evidence would help modify an argument in the excerpt about President Jackson's intentions toward American Indians?
Jackson had led United States armies that conquered American Indian peoples in the Southeast and forced land cessions.
The growth of manufacturing in the United States from 1800 to 1850 was most directly connected to which of the following broader historical processes?
Large numbers of international migrants moving to northern cities.
Which of the following contexts best explains the construction of transcontinental railroads in the late 1800s?
Large-scale industrial production brought business consolidation and the needed capital to support railroad construction.
Which of the following claims is supported by the arguments made by both Levine and Langguth?
Local political tactics served to deny African Americans their rights.
By the 1770s, to which of the following groups would Otis' argument that the colonies "must obey" Parliament most appeal?
Loyalists in New York
Supporters of Washington's comments would most likely have agreed with which of the following foreign policies?
Maintaining economic relationships.
Which of the following groups would most likely oppose the ideas expressed in the excerpt?
Members of allied American Indian groups.
Which of the following is a piece of evidence used by Howe to support his claim in the third paragraph of the excerpt about religious organizations in the early nineteenth century?
Members of the Evangelical United Front employed more people than the Post Office did.
Hakluyt's call for the English to learn about Native American "language, manners, and customs" best represents which of the following developments in the 1500s?
Native Americans and Europeans partnered for trade.
Which of the following describes Crosby's overall argument in the excerpt about the reason for the change in Native American populations after 1492 ?
Native Americans had no immunity to new diseases introduced by Europeans.
Which of the following best describes evidence used by Crosby to support his argument about the change in Native American populations after 1492 ?
Native Americans who were taken to Europe as slaves experienced high mortality rates.
The share of White and African American populations in the various states shown in the table most strongly suggests which of the following?
Newly settled states such as Kentucky and Tennessee relied less on slave labor than did regions elsewhere in the South.
Which of the following most accurately describes a group who acted on ideas such as those in the excerpt?
Northern European immigrants pursuing mining, farming, and ranching.
Which of the following differences between the North and the South during the Civil War is depicted in the graph?
The South relied more on plantation agriculture than the North.
Levine's argument about Reconstruction in the excerpt differs from that of Langguth in that Levine argues
Northern Republicans gradually withdrew their support for Reconstruction policies.
English colonists in North America in the 1600s and 1700s most typically sought which of the following?
Opportunities to improve their living conditions.
Which of the following developments resulted most directly from the gold rush described in the excerpt?
People from America, Europe, and Asia migrated to the region.
The conclusion of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) had which of the following effects on Native American societies?
The British government attempted to restrict western settlement to reduce tensions between colonists and Native Americans.
Which of the following developments most directly contributed to the events described in the excerpt?
Protestant evangelism came to the colonies from Great Britain and Europe.
Which of the following best explains how the purpose of the speech in the excerpt was interpreted by federal officials?
Red Jacket sought to protect Iroquois independence from the United States.
Which of the following most directly led to the expansion of participatory democracy in the first half of the nineteenth century?
Reduction of property ownership requirements for voting.
Which of the following does the author use as evidence to support her argument that slaveholders were "keen to master their slaves' senses of pleasure"?
Slaveholders held parties to encourage the loyalty of the enslaved.
Which of the following resulted from the mass production of cotton described in the excerpt?
Some southerners relocated their plantations to the west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Which of the following represented a change in the labor force of the southern British colonies by the 1700s as depicted in the excerpt?
Slavery became more widespread than indentured servitude.
Which of the following describes an overall argument of the excerpt?
Slavery is contrary to the ideals of the American Revolution.
Which of the following best describes a historian's likely interpretation of the situation in which the excerpt was produced in the early 1800s?
Some Americans promoted international strength through a unified national economy.
Which of the following best describes a context in the first half of the 1800s that influenced the development of slavery as described in the excerpt?
Southern planters used enslaved people to produce cotton for international markets.
Evidence in the excerpt most strongly suggests which of the following?
Southern voters viewed the presidential election with contempt.
How were European economic systems in the American colonies in the 1500s and 1600s different from existing economic systems in Europe?
Spanish colonists used enslaved Africans to work on plantations.
Britain's victory in the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) had which of the following economic consequences for its American colonies?
The British government increased taxation of colonial goods to help pay off the debt created by the war.
In the excerpt, Otis was responding to which of the following developments?
The British government's attempts to pay for the costs of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War).
Which of the following best describes the political situation in which Jefferson gave the address in the excerpt?
The Democratic-Republican Party had won the presidency for the first time.
Which of the following describes a trend in sectional development by 1860 reflected in the data in the graph?
The North was becoming more diverse in its economic activities than the South.
In which of the following ways did the Spanish impose racial hierarchies in the regions of the Americas that they controlled during the 1500s and 1600s?
The Spanish created a caste system that incorporated people of European, Native American, and African descent.
Which of the following best describes an argument made by de Gante in the letter?
The Spanish should require less tribute after conquest to avoid Native American depopulation.
Which of the following overall arguments did Hamilton make about the Articles of Confederation?
The United States should abandon the Articles to form a stronger central government.
Which of the following claims did Hamilton make in the excerpt about the powers of the United States under the Articles of Confederation?
The United States was not empowered to raise sufficient money for the government.
The excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following developments?
The creation of a unique American culture.
The ideas in the excerpt were most likely interpreted by American colonists in the 1770s as a call to reject which of the following?
The acceptance of the divine right of kings.
Which of the following developments most directly led to the activities described in the excerpt?
The acquisition of significant territory following the Mexican-American War.
The principle of federalism embodied in the United States Constitution had most in common with which of the following earlier aspects of British colonial government?
The autonomy of colonial legislatures from Great Britain.
By the 1870s, which of the following most reflected the continuation of the trend depicted on the maps?
The completion of transcontinental railroads.
Which of the following developments most likely influenced the argument expressed in the image?
The conclusion of the Civil War stirred debates over citizenship.
George Washington's suggestions about United States foreign relations reflect which of the following situations?
The continued European colonial presence along United States borders.
Both authors would most likely suggest that the historical situation described in the excerpts contributed to which of the following?
The continued alteration of Native American culture and society.
The change in White and Black populations in the various regions shown in the table most strongly suggests the influence of which of the following?
The demand in Europe for commodities such as tobacco and sugar.
Which of the following best explains the spread of images of George Washington in the United States after the American Revolution?
The desire of Americans to develop a new national culture.
Which of the following contributed to reducing the conflict that article 11 and similar provisions of other treaties were designed to address?
The destruction of nearly the entire population of buffalo.
Which of the following best explains the depiction of George Washington in the painting?
The development of a sense of American identity among Patriots.
The industrial resources of the North during the Civil War most likely accounted for which of the following?
The disadvantage of the Confederacy in access to arms, munitions, and other supplies
The speech given by Calhoun relates to which of the following?
The effect of regional attitudes on federal policy making.
People who shared the views expressed in the image most likely supported which of the following?
The extension of political opportunities to formerly enslaved people.
In the third paragraph of the excerpt, which of the following pieces of evidence does de Gante use to support his argument about the emperor of Spain's obligations to Native Americans?
The emperor has benefited from the riches acquired in the Americas.
What was a major difference between the Spanish encomienda system and the Spanish caste system in the Americas?
The encomienda system was based on using Native Americans for forced labor, while the caste system was based on a diverse and racially mixed population.
The artist who created the image would have most likely opposed which of the following developments?
The ending of Reconstruction.
Which of the following developments was most directly connected to the collapse of the Whig Party in United States politics during the 1850s?
The escalation of tensions between proslavery and antislavery factions.
Which of the following contributed most significantly to a surge in western settlement during the 1860s and 1870s?
The expansion of railroads made the Great Plains more accessible.
The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act was intended to resolve debates about which of the following issues in the 1850s?
The expansion of slavery.
The efforts of Spanish colonists to convert Native Americans to Christianity were most directly influenced by which of the following simultaneous developments?
The extraction of gold and other wealth from the land in the Americas
Which of the following developments helps to explain the change in agriculture depicted in the graph?
The extraction of western resources led to the growth of new towns and cities that demanded agricultural goods.
The expansion of suffrage to most adult White men in the early nineteenth century most directly resulted in which of the following?
The growth of new political parties.
The excerpt could best be used by historians studying which of the following?
The growth of the abolition movement in the United States.
Which of the following evidence is used by the author to support his argument about state independence?
The inability of the central government to carry out many laws.
The petition could best be used as evidence by historians studying which of the following?
The ideas that led some Americans to advocate for improved transportation.
Rhetoric in the excerpt would most likely have been interpreted as promoting which of the following?
The immediate end to the practice of slavery through legal reform.
The excerpt from Locke's Two Treatises of Government could best be used as evidence by historians studying which of the following topics?
The impact of the Enlightenment on Revolutionary political thought.
Which of the following developments most directly related to the increased sectional strife immediately prior to the election of 1860?
The legal ruling that denied African Americans rights of citizenship.
Which of the following best describes an overall argument of the excerpt?
The makeup of emigrant populations led to greater reconstruction of English family life in New England than it did in the Chesapeake.
Interpretations of Locke's assertions regarding a "state of freedom" and a "state also of equality" most directly influenced which of the following?
The political rhetoric of Patriots during the American Revolution
Dickinson's desire to preserve "a certain degree of agency" for states is best explained by which of the following developments in the early United States?
The retention of regional cultural identity in conjunction with national unity.
Which of the following best explains a major reason for the emergence of the Second Great Awakening in the United States?
The rise of individualistic and evangelical spiritual beliefs inspired religious conversion.
The trend from 1660 to 1710 depicted in the table most strongly indicates which of the following?
The rise of the trans-Atlantic trade of enslaved Africans.
Frederick Jackson Turner's theory emphasized the significance of the frontier for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
The western frontier had land that could be distributed to former slaves.
Dickinson's concern for the "mischiefs" in the states is best understood in the context of which of the following?
The threat to state governments from popular uprisings.
The excerpt best reflects the development of which of the following?
The widely held belief that the United States had a right to expand westward.
Which of the following describes a piece of evidence used by Howe to support his overall argument about the motivations of religious reformers?
They desired to teach people personal autonomy.
The framers of the United States Constitution initially responded to abuses of executive authority by the British monarch in which of the following ways?
They established the separation of powers between the president and Congress.
Which of the following contributed most significantly to the population trend in pre-Columbian Mexico described in the excerpt?
Trade and settlement resulting from maize cultivation.
Which of the following best characterizes the Mississippian societies described in the excerpt?
They had mixed agricultural and hunter-gatherer economies that favored the development of permanent villages.
Which of the following was typical of agreements such as the Fort Laramie Treaty between the United States government and American Indians in the post-Civil War West?
They usually lasted a short time before being broken by settlers' incursions onto American Indian reservations.
Which of the following was a major purpose of Otis' pamphlet?
To encourage opposition to Parliament's regulation of colonial commerce.
Which of the following was most likely a main purpose of Jefferson's inaugural address?
To summarize his beliefs about the ideal political system.
Washington most likely wrote about political parties for which of the following purposes?
To warn the public that political parties result in national divisions.
Which of the following arguments about Reconstruction policies would both authors most likely disagree with?
With Republicans in retreat, Southern Democrats grew more supportive of Reconstruction policies.
The second paragraph of the excerpt proposes that the Massachusetts legislature should
abolish slavery and release enslaved African Americans upon adulthood.
The first paragraph of the excerpt makes the claim that
all people should have the same inherent liberties.
Hamilton claimed in the excerpt that state sovereignty
allowed states to ignore the requests of the central government.
The intent of the Dawes Act of 1887 was to
assimilate American Indians into the mainstream of American culture.
The excerpt best serves as evidence that, in 1861,
citizens in the Southern states were deeply divided over secession.
The conflict between the Sioux nation and the United States was primarily driven by differing
claims to land.
One piece of evidence that de Gante used in the excerpt to support his overall argument about the treatment of the people of Mexico is that Native Americans
did not have enough supplies to support their families.
The Ghost Dance was an American Indian religious movement associated with
distress over loss of tribal autonomy.
The expansion of suffrage to most adult White men by the 1820s and 1830s most directly contributed to the
emergence of political rallies and events to encourage people to vote for particular parties.
A piece of evidence used by Howe in the second paragraph of the excerpt to support his argument about the goals of prison reform was that prison reformers
intended to use prisons to rehabilitate criminals.
Greenberg's argument most differs from Hietala's in that Greenberg claims that
most Americans believed that Mexicans in the new territories could not assimilate.
During the period of the American Revolution, Locke's point of view in the excerpt would most likely have been interpreted as promoting a form of government based on
natural rights
The events of the First Great Awakening illustrated by the excerpt led to
new denominations attracting followers who were drawn to the dynamic sermons of the new preachers.
At the time the petition was produced, Congress most likely interpreted the petition's purpose as
requesting federal funding for transportation construction projects.
The excerpt could best be used by historians studying the
resistance against the expansion of United States influence.
Frederick Jackson Turner's "frontier hypothesis" focused on the importance of
the existence of cheap unsettled land.