APUSH Period 4a
James Madison
(1808-1816); Democratic-Republican; let the charter of the First Bank of the United States expire, but realized it was difficult to finance a war without the bank, so he chartered the 2nd Bank of the United States, asked Congress to declare war against British in the War of 1812. He was the first president to declare war.
Russo-American Treaty
(1824): this treaty between russia and america set the southern borders of russian holdings in america at the line of 54 degrees- 40', the southern tip of alaska.
Wildcat Banks/ hydra
-the national bank was the hydra of corruption. -unstable banking institutions that issued paper money called wildcat currency to lend to speculators. They were operated under state charters and were especially numerous after Jackson defeated the second B.U.S. They didn't require collateral for loans so farmers took out loans, bought land, lost money on the land, defaulted on their loans, and then the banks started to fail.
Louisiana Purchase
1803 The U.S., under Jefferson, bought the Louisiana territory from France, under the rule of Napoleon, in 1803. The U.S. paid $15 million for the Louisiana Purchase, and Napoleon gave up his empire in North America. The U.S. gained control of Mississippi trade route and doubled its size.
Chesapeake Affair with Leopard
1807 - The American ship Chesapeake refused to allow the British on the Leopard to board to look for deserters. In response, the Leopard fired on the Chesapeake. As a result of the incident, the U.S. expelled all British ships from its waters until Britain issued an apology. British warship Leopard fired in the US warship Chesapeake. Three Americans were killed and four were taken captive and impressed into the British navy, led to anti-British sentiment and calls for protection on the seas
Harford Convention - Death of the Federalist Party
1814 A meeting of Federalist delegates from Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont, at Hartford, Conn., inspired by Federalist opposition to President Madison's mercantile policies and the War of 1812. The convention adopted a strong states' rights position and expressed its grievances in a series of resolutions against military conscription and commercial regulations. The convention contributed to the death of the Federalist Party after the war as there was an upsurge of nationalism during the "Era of Good Feelings"
Tariff of Abominations (1828)
1828 - Also called Tariff of 1828, it raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods. The tariff protected the North but harmed the South; South said that the tariff was economically discriminatory and unconstitutional because it violated state's rights.
Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty of (1848)
1848, Mexico acknowledge American hold of Texas, giving half of Mexico including California. U.S would pay 15 million for the land and assume the debt of the damages from Mexico. (1848) Ended Mexican-American War; Mexico gave up all claims to land from Texas to California for $15 million
John Quincy Adams (1825-1829)
6th president from 1825-1829; served in the Senate and House of Representatives; son of President John Adams; helped formulate the Monroe Doctrine as Secretary of State; lost his re-election to Andrew Jackson; viewed as one of the greatest diplomats in American history. He did more as secretary of state only one to serve in the HOR after presidency 1st minority president Democratic Domestic Affairs: Corrupt Bargain American System Internal improvements Foreign Affairs: Hampered by opponents in Congress Accomplishments came as Sec of State under Monroe
Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
A Supreme Court ruling that declared a state did not have the power to enforce laws on lands that were not under state jurisdiction; John Marshall wrote that the state of Georgia did not have the power to remove Indians; this ruling was largely ignored by President Andrew Jackson
Kitchen Cabinet
A cabinet made by jackson himself during the lresidancy that was made up of his most trusted friends that were people from the politocal world. He trusted them with advice and what disctions to make because he did not trust his orginal canitnet that was made up of comman people who may not know anything about the government, they offen met in the kitchen in the White House
Erie Canal
A canal between the New York cities of Albany and Buffalo, completed in 1825. The canal, considered a marvel of the modern world at the time, allowed western farmers to ship surplus crops to sell in the North and allowed northern manufacturers to ship finished goods to sell in the West.
American System
A plan proposed by Henry Clay, in 1824, to work on economic reform. The plan called for a protective tariff to be put in place for the manufacturers, a new Federal Bank to be put in place, and to begin work on many internal improvements. These improvements would be the construction of better roads and canals. 25% tariff on imported goods internal improvements such as roads and canals recharter of the bank of the U.S.
Nullification Crisis
A sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by the Ordinance of Nullification, an attempt by the state of South Carolina to nullify a federal law - the tariff of 1828 - passed by the United States Congress.
Sally Hemings
A slave who was owned by Thomas Jefferson. Based on recent evidence from DNA and from the timing of Jefferson's visits to Monticello, most scholars now think it probable that Jefferson, a widower, was the father of one and possibly more of her four surviving children.
protection tariff
A special tax added to imported goods to raise the price, thereby protecting American businesses and workers from foreign competition. south against-The South didn't have the factories, they were mainly farmers who needed to sell their crops to foreign countries and buy manufactured goods. These goods they needed to buy were now more expensive because of the tariff.
Pet Banks
A term used by Jackson's opponents to describe the state banks that the federal government used for new revenue deposits in an attempt to destroy the Second Bank of the United States; the practice continued after the charter for the Second Bank expired in 1836.
Federalists
A term used to describe supporters of the Constitution during ratification debates in state legislatures.
War of 1812 causes and effects
A war between the U.S. and Great Britain caused by American outrage over the impressment of American sailors by the British, the British seizure of American ships, and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the western frontier. Also, a war against Britain gave the U.S. an excuse to seize the British northwest posts and to annex Florida from Britain's ally Spain, and possibly even to seize Canada from Britain. The War Hawks (young westerners led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun) argued for war in Congress. The war involved several sea battles and frontier skirmishes. U.S. troops led by Andrew Jackson seized Florida and at one point the British managed to invade and burn Washington, D.C. The Treaty of Ghent (December 1814) restored the status quo and required the U.S. to give back Florida. Two weeks later, Andrew Jackson's troops defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans, not knowing that a peace treaty had already been signed. The war strengthened American nationalism and encouraged the growth of industry. -Madison asked Congress to declare war on June 1, 1812- congress obliged two weeks later - support for war came from the South and the West and Republicans in the middle colonies -also called Mr. Madison's War - went into the war dangerously divided - British arming of hostile Indians - restore confidence in the republican experiment - belief it was inevitable -tried to invade Canada but we failed. -Washington DC burned and Dolley Madison saves Washington's portrait. Huge defeat
Martin Van Buren (1837-1841)
AJ VP aka "Little Magician"- really short Blamed for AJ Problems(panic) Martin van ruin- blamed Democratic Domestic Affairs: Panic of 1837 Continued Jackson's policy of Indian Removal Specie Circular—hard currency Aroostook War Foreign Affairs: Opposed annexation of Texas Webster-Ashburton Treaty
Missouri Compromise
Agreement made to keep the balance of slave and free states equal. Missouri was added as a slave state and Maine added as a free state in 1821. 36'30 line
Gadsden Purchase
Agreement w/ Mexico that gave the US parts of present-day New Mexico & Arizona in exchange for $10 million; all but completed the continental expansion envisioned by those who believed in Manifest Destiny.
John Marshall
American jurist and politician who served as the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1801-1835) and helped establish the practice of judicial review.
Whigs
Anti-Jackson political party that generally stood for national community and an activist government
Hayne-Webster Debate
Congressional debate about the tariffs issue, extended the states rights Hayne- argued that the union was made up of the states and states could nulify and seced from the union Webster- spports republic as compact of citizens not of states. people created the constitution and laws, not the states and that federal government was the law of the land. one and forever... Turns into argment over sectional interest (slaves, wward expansion) Jackson "Our Union, It must be preserved!
Henry Clay
Distinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for president five times until his death in 1852. He was a strong supporter of the American System, a war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and known as "The Great Compromiser." american system
panic of 1819
Economic panic caused by over speculation(A cause of the stock market crash in 1929; buying stocks with borrowed money) and a decline of European demand for American goods along with mismanagement within the Second Bank of the United States. Often cited as the end of the Era of Good Feelings.
Revolution of 1800
Electoral victory of Democratic Republicans over the Federalists, who lost their Congressional majority and the presidency. The peaceful transfer of power between rival parties solidified faith in America's political system.
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Established judicial review; "midnight judges;" John Marshall; power of the Supreme Court. Sec. of State James Madison held up one of John Adams' "Midnight Judges" appointments. The appointment was for a Justice of the Peace position for William Marbury. Marbury sued. Fellow Hamiltonian and Chief Justice John Marshall dismissed Marbury's suit, avoiding a political showdown and magnifying the power of the Court. This case cleared up controversy over who had final say in interpreting the Constitution: the states did not, the Supreme Court did. This is judicial review.; William Marbury one of the midnight judges of 1801 presented John Marshall w/ an opportunity; Adams had named Marbury justice of the peace for the District of Columbia; when Marbury learned that his commission was being put aside by the secretary of state James Madison he sued for its delivery; Marshall knew that his Jeffersonian rivals all in the executive branch, would hardly take any action to deliver the commission to his fellow federalist Marbury; he then dismissed Marbury's suing to avoid a political disaster; but marshall still got a victory over the judicial defeat; Marshall said that the part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 on which Marbury tried to base his appeal was unconstitutional; the act had attempted to assign to the Supreme Court powers that the Constitution had not unforeseen
military god will tour
Idk either man
John C. Calhoun
In 1828, he lead the fight against protective tariffs which hurt the south economically. Created the doctrine of nullification which said that a state could decide if a law was constitutional. This situation became known as the Nullification Crisis. Vice President under Andrew Jackson; leading Southern politician; began his political career as a nationalist and an advocate of protective tariffs, later he becomes an advocate of free trade, states' rights, limited government, and nullification.
Buchanan-Pakenham Treaty
In 1846, they negotiated the dispute of the Oregon boundaries, stemming from the Treaty of 1818 in which both U.S. and British settlers were granted free navigation of the territory. This treaty of 1846 determined the border of Oregon to be the 49th parallel to the Pacific, with British to the north, Americans south of the parallel, except for Vancouver Island, which was given to the British.
Calhoun's Exposition and Protest (1828)
In response to the Tariff of Abominations, John C. Calhoun anonymously authored the Exposition and Protest which declared the tariff unconstitutional and authorized individual states to nullify the bill within their own borders, and gave it to the House Committee. Although the House did not adopt the Exposition and Protest, copies were printed and distributed throughout the state. The portion presented here is the Protest, which outlines the argument against the tariff in eight points: Congress cannot extend its constitutional authority; Congress cannot enact tariffs that are not justified by public necessity The tariff is therefore unconstitutional The tariff to protect domestic manufacture goes against a "simple, consolidated government" The tariff actually was not enacted to regulate commerce, a Constitutional power of Congress, but to prohibit foreign trade The power to protect manufacture is not a Constitutional power Even if the tariff does regulate commerce, as it is too oppressive, it is an abuse of power -nulls tariff
kill the national bank
Jackson hated the national bank becasue ti hurt the common man, helped the wealthy, run by Bicholas Biddle, national government more powerful, and was unconstitutional. he killed it by withdrawing all the money and putting it into state banks.
Election of 1836
Jackson's selected appointment successor martin van buren from NY. Rigged the democratic convention. Van buren was supported by jacksonites but not enthusiastically. Whigs unable to nominate a single candidate, instead several "favorite sons", caused their loss Van Buren won by close popular vote, safe electoral majority.
Election of 1824 (Corrupt Bargain)
Jackson, Clay, Adams, and Crawford all ran. The House of Reps chose Adams because Henry Clay had supported him. After Adams became President, he appointed Henry Clay as his Secretary of State. This was seen as a corrupt bargain by Andrew Jackson
Era of Good Feeling (1815-24)
James Monroe; Federalist Party had vanished; only one national political party (Democrat), a strong economy, little partisan strife in the country 8 years of James Monroe's presidency nationalism, Indian resistance moved east of the Mississippi
Lewis and Clark expedition (1804-1806)
Jefferson sent Merriwether Lewis and William Clark to investigate the resources the U.S. had acquired with the Louisiana Purchase on "Voyage of Discovery". They crossed the Rockies and reached the Pacific Ocean by way of the Columbia River. They recorded the types of wildlife, plants, and number of Indian tribes. They mapped the region and promoted fur trading
Corrupt Bargain/Election of 1824
John Quincy Adams elected President; Henry Clay named Secretary of State; Jackson loses the election. Election of 1824- No president received a majority of electoral votes leaving the House of Representatives to select the next president; the House selected John Quincy Adams over Andrew Jackson even though Jackson had received much more votes in the regular election; widely believed that Speaker of the House Henry Clay convinced Congress to elect Adams who then made Clay his Secretary of State.
Sectionalism
Loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole. Different parts of the country developing unique and separate cultures (as the North, South and West). This can lead to conflict.
Andrew Jackson (1829-1837)
Made the most vetoes Democratic Domestic Affairs: Spoils system Indian Removal Worcester v Georgia Trail of Tears Rejection of American System Eaton Affair Tariff/Nullification crisis Compromise of 1833 Force Bill Take down of the Bank Kitchen Cabinet Peggy Eaton Whigs Bank War—Pet Banks Foreign Affairs: Near conflict with France over Napoleonic debts Butler incident Texan independence Tariff of Abominations
McCulloch v. Maryland
Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law
Essex Junto
New England's merchants/federalists opposed the War of 1812 because it cut off trade with Great Britain. Critics of the war were mainly Federalists who represented New England. The Essex Junto was a group of extreme Federalists led by Aaron Burr who advocated New England's secession from the U.S. Supported Hartford Convention which led to the demise of Federalist Party
Judicary act of 1801
One of the last important laws passed by the expiring Federalist Congress. It created 16 new federal judgeships and other judicial offices. This was Adams's last attempt to keep Federalists power in the new Republican Congress. His goal was for federalists to dominate the judicial branch of government.
Barbary Wars (1801-1805)
Plundering pirates off the Mediterranean coast of Africa; President Thomas Jefferson's refusal to pay them tribute to protect American ships sparked an undeclared naval war with North African nations
The American System, 1815
Policies devised by the Whig Party and leading politician Henry Clay: national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements
Democratic-Republicans
Political Party led by Jefferson - pro-French; supported by middle-class and farmers; pro-agriculture; against the BUS; strict interpretation
Thomas Jefferson
President from 1800-1808. Democratic-Republican. Conducted the Louisiana Purchase. Fought for U.S. neutrality during the Napoleonic wars (Barbary pirates, challenges, Chesapeake- Leopard Affair, Embargo Act of 1807)
Non-Intercourse Act of 1809
Replaced the Embargo of 1807. Unlike the Embargo, which forbade American trade with all foreign nations, this act only forbade trade with France and Britain. It did not succeed in changing British or French policy towards neutral ships, so Macon's Bill No. 2 replaced it.
Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817, great lakes)
Signed by Britain and the United States, it established strict limits on naval armaments in the Great Lakes, a first step in the full demilitarization of the U.S.-Canadian border.
Anglo-American Convention(treaty of 1818)
Signed by Britain and the United States, the pact allowed New England fishermen access to Newfoundland fisheries, established the northern border of Louisiana territory and provided for the joint occupation of the Oregon Country for ten years.
12th Amendment (1804)
Since communication in the 18th century was very slow, other electors from other states could not coordinate with each other to pick the Vice President with the second vote they were allowed. Therefore, when the votes were tallied in the election of 1796, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson received the most electoral votes, and the man that was supposed to be Vice President, Thomas Pinckney, who was part of the same party as Adams came in third. By the laws of the United States, those that won the top two electoral vote totals would be President and Vice President. This result and another confusing election in 1800 led to the 12th amendment in 1804. The most important part of the 12th amendment is that instead of casting two votes for President, each elector must pick a President AND a Vice President on his or her ballot. This ensures that the President will be paired with his running mate after the election. This has been the way we have operated the Electoral College since 1804.
Peggy Eaton Affair
Social scandal (1829-1831) - John Eaton, Secretary of War, stayed with the Timberlakes when in Washington, and there were rumors of his affair with Peggy Timberlake even before her husband died in 1828. Many cabinet members snubbed the socially unacceptable Mrs. Eaton. Jackson sided with the Eatons, and the affair helped to dissolve the cabinet - especially those members associated with John C. Calhoun (V.P.), who was against the Eatons and had other problems with Jackson.
Corps of Discovery (1804-1806)
Team of adventurers, led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore Louisiana Territory and find a water route to the Pacific. Louis and Clark brought back detailed accounts of the West's flora, fauna, and native populations, and their voyage demonstrated the viability of overland travel to the West
Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa (the Prophet)
Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa (the Prophet) began to weld together a confederacy of all the tribes east of the Mississippi inspiring Indian unity, William Henry Harrison gathered an army and marched to Tecumseh's headquarters; the Prophet attacked Harrison's army, Shawnees defeated; Tecumseh forced to ally with British, died in the Battle of Thames in 1813
Missouri Compromise (Compromise of 1820)
Temporary truce over slavery issue, 3 parts: MO added as a slave state, ME added as a free state, above 36°30' line = free, below = slave
Texas Annexation 1845
Texas was originally part of Mexico. American settlers (led by Stephen Austin) received permission to move there (most settlers were cotton farmers). Mexican leader Santa Anna attacked Americans at the Alamo during the Texas Revolution. Americans had decided to revolt and break Texas away from Mexico because the Mexican government was trying to force them to abolish slavery. Texas was not welcomed into the US right away because northern congressmen opposed adding a new slave state to the Union.
Midnight Judges
The 16 judges that were added by the Judiciary Act of 1801 that were called this because Adams signed their appointments late on the last day of his administration.
Battle of New Orleans, 1815
The Battle of New Orleans was the last major battle of the War of 1812. American troops were led by General Andrew Jackson to the biggest US victory in the war, making Jackson a national hero and propelling him later to the presidency. The Treaty of Ghent, which ended the war, had been signed two weeks before the battle but the news had not yet crossed the Atlantic.
Democratic Party/ donkey
The Donkey— Presidential candidate Andrew Jackson was the first Democrat ever to be associated with the donkey symbol. His opponents during the election of 1828 tried to label him a "jackass" for his populist beliefs and slogan, "Let the people rule." Jackson was entertained by the notion and ended up using it to his advantage on his campaign posters.
1807 Embargo Act
The Embargo Act of 1807 was a law passed by Congress forbidding all exportation of goods from the United States. Britain and France had been continuously harassing the U.S. and seizing U.S. ship's and men. The U.S. was not prepared to fight in a war, so Pres. Jefferson hoped to weaken Britain and France by stopping trade. The Embargo Act ended up hurting our economy more than theirs. It was repealed in 1809. The Embargo Act helped to revive the Federalists. It caused New England's industry to grow. It eventually led to the War of 1812.
Force Bill (1833)
The Force Bill authorized President Jackson to use the army and navy to collect duties on the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832. South Carolina's ordinance of nullification had declared these tariffs null and void, and South Carolina would not collect duties on them. The Force Act was never invoked because Congress passed it the same day as the Compromise Tariff of 1833, so it became unnecessary. South Carolina also nullified the Force Act.
Rush-Bagot Agreement
The Rush-Bagot Treaty was a treaty between the United States and Britain enacted in 1817 (signed April 28-29, 1817 in Washington, DC). The treaty provided for the demilitarization of the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain, where many British naval arrangements and forts still remained. The treaty laid the basis for a demilitarized boundary between the U.S. and British North America. This agreement was indicative of improving relations between the United States and Great Britain in the period following the War of 1812.
Sedition Acts (1798)
The Sedition Act - Key clause provided fines and jail penalties for anyone guilty of sedition. Was to remain in effect until the next Presidential inauguration. Thomas Jefferson becomes president and it is removed because this was only in effect for Adams term.
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
The Supreme Court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The Court's broad interpretation of the Constitution's commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.
James Monroe (1817-1825)
The fifth President of the United States (1817-1825).His administration was marked by the acquisition of Florida (1819); the Missouri Compromise (1820), in which Missouri was declared a slave state; and the profession of the Monroe Doctrine (1823), declaring U.S. opposition to European interference in the Americas. End of Virginia dynasty Democratic Republic Domestic Affairs: "Era of Good Feelings National Tour Assembled strong cabinet The Panic of 1819 Missouri Compromise Liberia The American System Henry Clay Foreign Affairs: Rush-Bagot Treaty Adams-Onis Treaty Monroe Doctrine Neutrality in Europe Prevent regaining colonies Prevent further coloization
Trail of Tears (1838-1839)
The forced removal of about 15,000 Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, and Seminole Indians west; a quarter of them died along the way. they did not have time to prepare for the journey. -marched to Indian Territory (Oklahoma)
Election of 1828/Jacksonian Revolution
The name attributed to the first presidential race with a "common man" winner. It was known as the rise of the "common man" because the president was not an aristocrat born into wealth, but rather gained his fame from serving his country in the War of 1812. It emphasized small businessmen and farmers as well as the appointment of common men to government positions. Andrew Jackson vs. John Quincy Adams; John C. Calhoun is Jackson's Vice and also served as Quincy Adams' Vice; Jackson won in a "landslide." used mudslinging
Lousiana Purchase
The selling of Lousiana by the French to the United States in 1803 for about $15 million; Jefferson was hesitant about the purchase, as he didn'g believe it was constitutional, however he eventually submitted to the treaties of Congress. It essentially doubled the size of the U.S.
Bank War (1832)
The war on the Bank of the United States waged by President Andrew Jackson, who believed it unacceptable for Congress to create a source of concentrated power and economic privilege unaccountable to the people; Jackson vetoed the recharter bill proposed by the bank in 1832.
Tallmadge Amendment (1819)
This dictated no further introduction of slaves into Missouri, all children born to slaves to become free at 25; This was an attempt to have no more slaves to be brought to Missouri and provided the gradual emancipation of the children of slaves. In the mind of the South, this was a threat to the sectional balance between North and South.
Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
This was also know as the Florida Purchase Treaty and the Transcontinental Treaty. Under its terms, the US paid Spain $5 million for Florida, Spain recognized America's claims to the Oregon Country, and the US surrendered its claim to northern Mexico (Texas).
Treaty of 1818(oregon)
Treaty between Britain and America, it allowed the Americans to share the Newfoundland fisheries with Canada, and gave both countries a joint occupation of the Oregon Territory for the next 10 years.
Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)
U.S. forces - led by William Henry Harrison - defeated Tecumseh's confederacy then burned its headquarters at Prophetstown. *Historical Significance:* Tecumseh's confederacy allied with the British during the War of 1812; Harrison emerged as a war hero. 1811 Tecumseh and the Prophet attack, but General Harrison crushes them in this battle ends Tecumseh's attempt to unite all tribes in Mississippi.
Battle of Baltimore (Fort McHenry)
U.S. forces repulsed sea and land invasions of the busy port city of Baltimore, Maryland, and killed the commander of the invading British army forces; considered to be one of the turning points of the War of 1812. *Historical Significance:* Inspired *Francis Scott Key* to write "The Star-Spangled Banner." An example of how the War of 1812 created a sense of "being American" or Nationalism.
Purchase of Florida 1819
Under the Adams-Onis Treaty, Spain sold Florida to the U.S., and the U.S. gave up its claims to Texas.
Nat Turner's Revolt
Uprising of slaves in Southampton County, Virginia, in the summer of 1831 led by Nat Turner that resulted in the death of fifty-five white people. A 48 hour slave rebellion in which a group of slaves unsuccessful attempt to overthrow and kill planter families. Lasting impact on whites: fear another slave rebellion could happen again. Tightened the grip on slavery
Aaron Burr Conspiracy
Vice President undermined the integrety of the new nation by trying to form a new country from the Louisiana Purchase territory in which he would rule
Common Man's President
What Jackson was known as since he said he could relate to the lives of the American citizens
Panic of 1837
When Jackson was president, many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S. These banks issued paper money and financed wild speculation, especially in federal lands. Jackson issued the Specie Circular to force the payment for federal lands with gold or silver. Many state banks collapsed as a result. A panic ensued (1837). Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress.
Macon's Bill No. 2 (1810)
When economic hardships continued into 1810, Nathaniel Macon, a member of Congress, introduced a bill that restored U.S. trade with both Britain & France. Forbade trade with Britain and France, but offered to resume trade with whichever nation lifted its neutral trading restrictions first. France quickly changed its policies against neutral vessels, so the U.S. resumed trade with France, but not Britain.
William Henry Harrison (1841)
Whig Pres for 31 days. Tyler becomes president, shortest presidency Hero of tippiecanoe, tippiecanoe and Tyler too Hard cider/log cabin- Commander people, not really tho
Battle of the Thames (1813)
William Henry Harrison pushed up the river Thames into Upper Canada and on October 4, 1813, won a victory notable for the death of Tecumseh, who was serving as a brigadier general in the British army. This battle resulted in no lasting occupation of Canada, but weakened and disheartened the Indians of the Northwest.
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
Written by John Q. Adams, A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere. It also stated that any attempt to interfere with any nation in the Americans would be seen by the United States as an act of hostility against us.
Divorce Bill
bill proposed by Martin Van Buren; idea: federal money in a separate bank vault so it would not be connected with the ups and downs of the federal economy; barley pass in 1840 by Democrats, then repealed when Whigs came into power a year later. Took he govt funds out of the bank entirely
Indian Removal Act of 1830
gave the president authority to negotiate treaties with southeastern tribes and to trade their land in the east for territory in the west; it also provided money for land transfer and relocation of the tribes.
Knickerbocker
group in New York that wrote literature and enabled America to boast for the first time of a literature that matched its magnificent landscapes
Smaller military
he supported a smaller military and wanted peace
Daniel Thompson
idk man
Treaty of Ghent (1814)
it just declared peace. On December 24, 1814, The Treaty of Ghent was signed by British and American representatives at Ghent, Belgium, ending the War of 1812. By terms of the treaty, all conquered territory was to be returned, and commissions were planned to settle the boundary of the United States and Canada.
limited federal government
most power held by the states. Federal government could not enforce laws. TJ was a dem rep so they did not want nat govt to have much power.
spoils system/patronage
practice of appointing people to government to positions as a reward for their loyalty and political support; Jackson was accused of abusing this power
tariff of 1824
represented a major victory for those advocating the protection of American manufacturing. This tariff, however, clearly worked to the benefit of manufacturing interests of the New England and Mid-Atlantic States at the expense of the South and West. was a protective tariff in the United States designed to protect American industry in the face of cheaper British commodities, especially iron products, wool and cotton textiles, and agricultural goods. american system?
Webster-Ashburton Treaty(MA)
signed August 9, 1842, was a treaty resolving several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies, particularly a dispute over the location of the Maine-New Brunswick border. Also banned the slave trade (on the ocean)
Hudson River School
the first coherent school of American art - active from 1825 to 1870; painted wilderness landscapes of the Hudson River valley and surrounding New England
Judicial Review (Marbury v. Madison)
the idea that the Supreme Court alone had the last word on the question of constitutionality
Treat of 1818/ anglo american convention
treaty that put the northern boundary of the Louisiana Purchase at the 49th parallel and provided for a 10 yr joint occupation of the Oregon Territory wit Britain, without the surrender of rights and claim by neither Britain or America