APUSH Practice Test

Truman issued the doctrine primarily in order to

bolster noncommunist nations, particularly in Europe

"Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness." Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, 1776 The excerpt was written in response to the

British government's attempt to assert greater control over the North American colonies

Muir's ideas are most directly a reaction to the

increasing usage and exploitation of western landscapes

The map most directly depicts the

inland expansion of the colonial population

Most historians would argue that the recommendations of Washington's address ceased to have a significant influence on United States foreign policy as a result of

involvement in the Second World War

Conditions like those shown in the image contributed most directly to which of the following?

An increase in Progressive reform activity

The change in settlement patterns from 1700 to 1775 had which of the following effects?

An increase in conflicts between British settlers and American Indians

Which of the following was a direct effect of the trend in immigration after 1845 shown on the graph

An upsurge in nativist sentiment

Which of the following evidence would best support Ngai's argument in the excerpt?

Census data showing the changing percentages of the foreign-born population from 1920 to 1930

Which of the following groups most strongly opposed Washington's point of view in the address?

Democratic-Republicans

Which of the following was a significant cause of the trend from 1843 to 1854 shown in the graph?

Economic and political difficulties in Germany and Ireland

Advocates for individuals such as those shown in the image would have most likely agreed with which of the following perspectives?

Government should act to eliminate the worst abuses of industrial society

Whitefield's open-air preaching contributed most directly to which of the following trends?

Greater independence and diversity of though

The Brown decision reversed which of the following earlier decisions?

Plessy v. Ferguson, which endorsed racial segregation laws

"We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." Chief Justice Earl Warren, writing the unanimous opinion of the United States Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 1954 Which of the following was the most immediate result of the decision excerpted?

Segregationists in southern states temporarily closed many public schools in an effort to resist the decision.

"[T]he condition of the African race throughout all the States where the ancient relation between the two [races] has been retained enjoys a degree of health and comfort which may well compare with that of the laboring population of any country in Christendom; and, it may be added that in no other condition, or in any other age or country, has the Negro race ever attained so high an elevation in morals, intelligence, or civilization." John C. Calhoun, political leader, 1844 Which of the following groups would have been most likely to support Calhoun's views expressed in the excerpt?

Southern landowners

Many supporters of the declaration in 1848 broke ranks with which of the following groups by the 1870s?

Supporters of the Fifteenth Amendment

The main trend shown in the graph was most directly associated with which of the following processes occurring in the United States at the time?

The emergence of an industrialized economy

The preaching described in the excerpt is an example of which of the following developments in the 1700s?

The expansion of Protestant evangelism

Which of the following developments in the second half of the nineteenth century best represented the continuation of the ideas expressed in the declaration?

The formation of voluntary organizations and reform efforts

The conditions shown in the image depict which of the following trends in the late nineteenth century?

The growing gap between wealthy people and people living in poverty

"Excepting only Yosemite, Hetch Hetchy is the most attractive and wonderful valley within the bounds of the great Yosemite National Park and the best of all the camp grounds. People are now flocking to it in ever-increasing numbers for health and recreation of body and mind. Though the walls are less sublime in height than those of Yosemite, its groves, gardens, and broad, spacious meadows are more beautiful and picturesque. . . . Last year in October I visited the valley with Mr. William Keith, the artist. He wandered about from view to view, enchanted, made thirty-eight sketches, and enthusiastically declared that in varied picturesque beauty Hetch Hetchy greatly surpassed Yosemite. It is one of God's best gifts, and ought to be faithfully guarded." John Muir, Century Magazine, 1909 Which of the following aspects of Muir's description expresses a major change in Americans' views of the natural environment?

The idea that government should preserve wilderness areas in a natural state

The ideas about government expressed in the excerpt are most consistent with which of the following?

The ideas of the Enlightenment

The pattern of colonial settlement up to 1700 resulted most directly from which of the following factors?

The orientation of the British colonies toward producing commodities for export to Europe

The trends described by Taylor most directly illustrate which of the following major historical developments in the Atlantic world?

The phenomenon known as the Columbian Exchange

The patterns described in the excerpt most directly foreshadowed which of the following developments?

The population decline in Native American societies

The ideas expressed in Washington's address most strongly influenced which United States foreign policy decision in the twentieth century?

The refusal to join the League of Nations in 1919

"[H]istory and experience prove that foreign influence is one of the most baneful foes of republican government. . . . Excessive partiality for one foreign nation and excessive dislike of another cause those whom they actuate to see danger only on one side and serve to veil and even second the arts of influence on the other. . . . The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is in extending our commercial relations to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none, or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns." George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796 The concerns expressed by Washington were a response to the

controversy regarding support for the revolutionary government of France

The change in settlement patterns from 1700 to 1775 best explains the

growth of social tensions between backcountry settlers and coastal elites

"The colonizers brought along plants and animals new to the Americas, some by design and others by accident. Determined to farm in a European manner, the colonists introduced their domesticated livestock—honeybees, pigs, horses, mules, sheep, and cattle—and their domesticated plants, including wheat, barley, rye, oats, grasses, and grapevines. But the colonists also inadvertently carried pathogens, weeds, and rats. . . . In sum, the remaking of the Americas was a team effort by a set of interdependent species led and partially managed (but never fully controlled) by European people." Alan Taylor, historian, American Colonies, 2001 The export of New World crops to the Old World transformed European society mostly by

improving diets and thereby stimulating population growth

The decision excerpted most directly reflected a growing belief after the Second World War that the power of the federal government should be used to

promote greater racial justice

"I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. I believe we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way. I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes." President Harry Truman, address before a joint session of Congress articulating what would become known as the Truman Doctrine, 1947 . In his statement Truman had the goal of

restraining communist military power and ideological influence

"The system of quotas . . . was the first major pillar of the Immigration Act of 1924. The second provided for the exclusion of persons ineligible to citizenship. . . . Ineligibility to citizenship and exclusion applied to the peoples of all the nations of East and South Asia. Nearly all Asians had already been excluded from immigration. . . . The exclusion of persons ineligible to citizenship in 1924 . . . completed Asiatic exclusion. . . . Moreover, it codified the principle of racial exclusion into the main body of American immigration and naturalization law." Mae M. Ngai, historian, Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America, 2004 The Immigration Act of 1924 most directly reflected

social tensions emerging from the First World War

Whitefield's impact suggests that religious culture among British North American colonists in the 1700s was most directly shaped by

trans-Atlantic exchanges

The ideas expressed in the excerpt most directly challenged the prevailing ideal in the early nineteenth century that

women should focus on the home and the domestic sphere