apush sifis
crime of 1837
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rum romantacism and rebellion
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sceond industrial revelution
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united states v EC White
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william jennings brian cross of gold
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mckinley tariff
(BH) , 1890 tariff that raised protective tariff levels by nearly 50%, making them the highest tariffs on imports in the United States history, first time farmer products on productive list
sherman silver purchase act
(BH) 1890 , In 1890, an act was passed so that the treasury would by 4.5 million ounces of silver monthly and pay those who mined it in notes that were redeemable in either gold or silver. This law doubled the amount of silver that could be purchased under the Bland-Allison Law of 1878.
national labor union
1866 - established by William Sylvis - wanted 8hr work days, banking reform, and an end to conviction labor - attempt to unite all laborers
bland allison act
1878 - Authorized coinage of a limited number of silver dollars and "silver certificate" paper money. First of several government subsidies to silver producers in depression periods. Required government to buy between $2 and $4 million worth of silver. Created a partial dual coinage system referred to as "limping bimetallism." Repealed in 1900.
homestead strike
1892 steelworker strike near Pittsburgh against the Carnegie Steel Company. Ten workers were killed in a riot when "scab" labor was brought in to force an end to the strike.
pullman strike
1894 - nonviolent strike (brought down the railway system in most of the West) at the Pullman Palace Car Co. over wages - Prez. Cleveland shut it down because it was interfering with mail delivery
rutherford B Hayes
19th president of the united states, was famous for being part of the Hayes-Tilden election in which electoral votes were contested in 4 states, most corrupt election in US history
james garfield
20th president, Republican, assassinated by Charles Julius Guiteau after a few months in office due to lack of patronage
Benjamin Harrison
23rd President; Republican, poor leader, introduced the McKinley Tariff and increased federal spending to a billion dollars
guilded age
America looked good on outside (rich like Rockefeller and Carnegie) but most people were poor(like the immigrants)
james weaver
American politician who leaned toward agrarian radicalism; he twice ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. presidency, as the Greenback-Labor candidate (1880) and as the Populist candidate (1892).
horizontal integrigation
Brought together many buiness to make a cooperation
us steel
Carnegie sold his company in 1900 for over 400 million to a new steel combination headed by JP Morgan. The new corporations, United States Steel, was the first billion dollar company and also the largest enterprise in the world, employing 168,000 people and controlling over 3/5th of the nations steel business
andrew carnegie
Creates Carnegie Steel. Gets bought out by banker JP Morgan and renamed U.S. Steel. Andrew Carnegie used vertical integration by buying all the steps needed for production. Was a philanthropist. Was one of the "Robber barons"
rebates
Developed in the 1880s, a practice by which railroads would give money back to its favored customers, rather than charging them lower prices, so that it could appear to be charging a flat rate for everyone.
sherman antitrust act
First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions
pendelton act
Law requiring people to take a civil service exam for certain government jobs
jay gold
Man that turned profit by flipping old rail roads and selling them for a proffit
antitrust movement
Middleclass citizens feared the trusts' unchecked power, and urban elites resented the increasing influence of the new rich. After failing to curb trusts on the state level, reformers finally moved Congress to pass the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890.
free silver
Movement for using silver in all aspects of currency. Not adopted because all other countries used a gold standard.
knights of labor
One of the most important American labor organizations of the 19th century, demanded an end to child and convict labor, equal pay for women, a progressive income tax, and the cooperative employer-employee ownership of mines and factories
greenback party
Political party that farmers sought refuge in at first, combined inflationary appeal of earlier Greenabackers w/ program for improving labor, Political party devoted to improving the lives of laborers and raising inflation, reaching its high point in 1878 when it polled over a million votes and elected fourteen members of Congress.
eugine v debs
President of the American Railway Union, in 1896 formed the social democratic party. put into prominence by the pullman strike, formed the Socialist party of america in 1901, ran for president
cornelius vanderbelt
Railroad man who made money by connecting old railroads, which let him offer lower rates. A self made man he embodied the american dream.
Billion Dollar congress
Republican congress of 1890. passed record # of significant laws that helped shape later policies and asserted authority of federal govt., gave pensions to Civil War veterans, increased government silver purchases, and passed McKinley Tariff Act of 1890
mugwumps
Republican political activists who supported Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland in the United States presidential election of 1884. They switched parties because they rejected the financial corruption associated with Republican candidate, James Blaine.
stalwarts
Republicans fighting for civil service reform during Garfield's term; they supported Cleveland.
standard oil trust
Rockefeller's company, in 1881, owned 90 percent of the oil refinery business, with a board of trustees at the head
panic of 1893
Serious economic depression beginning in 1893. Began due to rail road companies over-extending themselves, causing bank failures. Was the worst economic collapse in the history of the country until that point, and, some say, as bad as the Great Depression of the 1930s.
in re debs
Supreme Court approved use of court injunctions against strikes which gave employers a very powerful weapon to break unions; Debs later turned to the American Socialist Party in 1900, 1894 - Eugene Debs organised the Pullman strike. A federal court found him guilty of restraint of trade, stopping US mail, and disobeying a government injunction to stop the strike. He later ran for president as a candidate of the Social Democratic Party.
solid south
Term applied to the one-party (Democrat) system of the South following the Civil War. For 100 years after the Civil War, the South voted Democrat in every presidential election.
social darwinism
The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.
union and central pacific
The railroad companies were chartered to work together to create the first transcontinental railroad. One was to begin in Omaha, Nebraska, and end in California. Irish men were the main labor force. The other began in California and Chinese men laid the tracks.
william vanderbilt
The son of Cornelius Vanderbilt, who inherited his father's railroad empire., Son of Cornelius Vanderbilt, He took over his father's railroad company and doubled the family fortune. Was known for his greed. Responded to critics, "The public be damned."
William Mckinley
The twenty-fifth President of the United States, and the last veteran of the Civil War to be elected. By the 1880s, this Ohio native was a nationally known Republican leader; his signature issue was high tariffs on imports as a formula for prosperity, as typified by his McKinley Tariff of 1890. As the Republican candidate in the 1896 presidential election, he upheld the gold standard, and promoted pluralism among ethnic groups.
populist party
U.S. political party formed in 1892 representing mainly farmers, favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other monopolies
John D Rockefeller
Was an American industrialist and philanthropist. Revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy.
vertical integrigation
a company that owns all of the different businesses on which it depends for its operation
american federation of labor
a federation of North American labor unions that merged with the Congress of Industrial Organizations in 1955
roscoe conkling
a politician from New York who served both as a member of the United States House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. He was the leader of the Stalwart faction of the Republican Party.
j pierpont morgan
an American financier, banker, philanthropist, and art collector who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation during his time. In 1892 Morgan arranged the merger of Edison General Electric and Thompson-Houston Electric Company to form General Electric.
bessemer process
an industrial process for making steel using a Bessemer converter to blast air through through molten iron and thus burning the excess carbon and impurities
haymarket bombing
bomb thrown at protest rally, police shot protestors, caused great animosity in employers for workers' unions
samuel gompers
led the AFL (American Federation of Labor), a skilled craft union, fought for wages and working conditions, they went on strike, boycotted and used collective bargaining
halfbreeds
republican reformers who were accused of backing reform simply to create openings for their own supporters.
lassiez-faire capitalism
the government stays out of the economy completely
gold bug democrats
unhappy with the free silver idea, a new subsidiary of the National Democratic Party formed or Democrats supported the Republican party, part of the Democratic Party that broke away from the principle of unlimited coinage of silver and the rest of the Democratic Party; included Grover Cleveland
chester author
vice pres. who became pres. after garfield was assassinated in 1881, helped create Pendleton Act
the wealth of the nations
written by Adam Smith, promoted laissez-faire, free-market economy, and supply-and-demand economics
