APUSH Test Review

Which of the following most likely helped to prompt the petition in the excerpt?

American colonists' declaration of independence from Britain

The image was created most directly in response to

the power gained by urban political machines

Which of the following would most likely have opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

A New England abolitionist

Which of the following was a consequence of the shift to sharecropping and the crop lien system in the late nineteenth-century South?

A cycle of debt and depression for Southern tenant farmers

The Marshall Plan most directly resulted from which of the following?

A foreign policy based on the collective security of noncommunist nations

Which of the following was NOT a result of the growth of a national market economy between 1815 and 1860?

A greater number of men working at home

Which of the following pieces of evidence could best be used to challenge the assertion in the excerpt that British attacks on the colonists had been unprovoked"?

A series of popular boycotts, mob protests, and violence against royal officials

Addams' point of view expressed in the excerpt supports which of the following historical arguments?

Activists believed that political machines hindered immigrant adoption of American political norms.

During Reconstruction, which of following was a change that took place in the South?

African Americans were able to exercise political rights.

McCarthy's accusations in the excerpt best reflect which of the following?

Anxieties about Soviet influence at home and abroad

Which of the following best describes the historical context that led to the program described in the excerpt?

Anxieties over Soviet spying in the United States

Which of the following types of evidence would best support the argument in the excerpt?

Artifacts from American Indian settlements

Most archaeologists and historians believe that the first peoples who colonized the Americas came from

Asia

Gerard's description of "corne" in the excerpt best reflects which of the following?

Assumptions about the superiority of European culture

The speech in the excerpt was delivered in which of the following historical situations during the mid-1700s?

Competition between European empires for Native American allies

Smith's description of the Pamunkey people's interactions with the Virginia colonists best serves as evidence of which of the following characteristics of American Indians along the Eastern Seaboard in the 1600s?

Complex societies with permanent settlements

Which of the following best describes a similarity between the arguments made by Chief Joseph and Commissioner Parker in the excerpts?

Both argued against the signing of treaties to take American Indian lands.

Which of the following is a similarity between Bodnar's and Ewen's arguments in the excerpts about immigrant families in the late 1800s?

Both maintain that immigrant families provided members with economic support.

Which of the following best explains why Washington warned against foreign alliances?

Britain and France were at war with each other, and both threatened United States interests.

The major pattern on the map best supports which of the following statements?

British colonies in North America typically had a lower demand for slave labor than did the colonies of other European countries.

Which of the following can most accurately be concluded about the broader economic conditions of the period described in the excerpt?

Businesses made use of new management structures to increase the production of goods.

Which of the following factors best explains the increase in White male suffrage in the early nineteenth century?

Changes to property ownership requirements

Which of the following describes a difference between the arguments made by Chief Joseph and Commissioner Parker in the excerpts?

Chief Joseph believed that Native American tribes had a right to sovereignty, while Commissioner Parker believed that Native American tribes were not sovereign nations.

Which of the following was an interpretation of the speech by opponents of the goals Clay expressed in the excerpt?

Clay's manufacturing plan would benefit one section of the country more than others.

The development that brought "corne" to the attention of botanists such as Gerard is best known as the

Columbian Exchange

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the perception of many White Southerners that antislavery sentiment was spreading in the 1850s?

Congress voted to end the interstate slave trade.

The excerpt best reflects which of the following historical situations?

Congressional leaders sought political compromise to resolve discord between the North and the South.

Which of the following best explains the cause of the emergence of new political parties in the early nineteenth century?

Continued debates over the proper role of the federal government

The Schenck case emerged most directly from the context of which of the following?

Critiques by radicals of United States foreign policy

Which of the following was the most immediate result of the decision in the excerpt?

Support grew for the Republican Party.

Which of the following pieces of historical evidence from the United States census could best be used to support the argument in the excerpt?

Data showing changes in the number of textile mills

The language and themes of the excerpt were most directly inspired by the

Declaration of Independence

King's ideas in the excerpt most directly represent which of the following shifts in thinking among Civil Rights leaders in the second half of the 1960s?

Deepening concerns about persistence of inequality

Which of the following most directly contributed to the major pattern depicted on the map?

Demand for crops produced in the Americas

Which of the following describes a trend in exports from England to British North America between 1699 and 1749 indicated in the table?

Demand in the colonies for manufactured goods from England greatly increased.

The trend depicted in the table most directly contributed to which of the following developments in British North America?

Disagreement over the enforcement of mercantilist restrictions

The ideas expressed in the excerpt arose most directly in reaction to which of the following?

Discrimination and disenfranchisement that continued despite legislative gains

The confederacy formed to "exasperate the Indians against the English" was motivated primarily by which of the following?

Dispossession of Wampanoag land and threats to their sovereignty

The relationship between American Indians and the French described in the excerpt was most similar to the relationship between American Indians and the

Dutch

Which of the following was a piece of evidence Hamilton used to support his argument in the excerpt?

Earlier attempts to form associations of states in Europe had failed.

The Virginia colonists' interactions with American Indians, as described in the excerpt, most directly contributed to which of the following?

English relations with American Indians became mostly hostile and characterized by conflict.

Innovations including textile machinery, steam engines, and interchangeable parts

Europe

Which of the following contributed most to the increasing use of African slave labor in North America during the 1600s and 1700s?

European demand for agricultural products grown in the colonies

Which of the following was the most direct effect of the changes shown in the graph?

European settlers were able to gain control over Native American lands.

Which of the following claims does the excerpt make about changes that occurred as a result of new interactions in the Atlantic region?

Europeans developed new methods of conducting trade and making profits.

Which of the following describes a difference between Bodnar's and Ewen's arguments in the excerpts about immigrants in the late 1800s?

Ewen asserts that some immigrants sought personal fulfilment, whereas Bodnar asserts that most immigrants focused on supporting their families over individualism.

The ideas in the excerpt are most directly situated within the context of United States efforts to do which of the following in the period after the Civil War?

Extend international influence through trade

The transportation development described in the excerpt had which of the following effects on agriculture in the United States?

Farmers developed cooperative organizations to limit the power of rail companies.

Which of the following does the author use to support his argument about the power of the states under the Confederation?

Foundational political documents written during the American Revolution

Colonists from which of the following European nations generally had the most cooperative relations with American Indians?

France

Which of the following developments best explains a cause of the historical process described in the excerpt?

Government subsidies facilitated the construction of transportation and communication networks.

Which of the following best explains a result of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War)?

Great Britain gained a claim to land extending to the Mississippi River.

The excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following developments during the 1960s?

Growing pressure to eliminate racial inequalities in society

Which of the following statements best summarizes the views of Andrew Johnson on Reconstruction?

He believed that Reconstruction was an executive branch matter and sought the rapid restoration of the former Confederate states to the Union.

Which of the following statements is correct about the rise of Senator Joseph R. McCarthy to national prominence?

He effectively played on the fears of Americans that communists had infiltrated the State Department and other federal agencies.

Which of the following best explains a similarity between the characteristics of immigration described in the poem and earlier immigration to the United States?

Immigrants compromised between the cultures they brought and the cultures they found in the United States.

Which of the following groups was LEAST likely to have contributed to the trend in Chicago's population from 1890 to 1940 ?

Immigrants from eastern and southern Asia

Which of the following explains a connection between the ability of Americans to gain access to natural resources in the early 1800s and in the late 1800s?

In both periods, the expansion of power over western North America gave the United States control over more natural resources.

The excerpt best serves as evidence in support of which of the following arguments about the home front during and after the First World War?

Increased anxieties about political radicalism led to restrictions on the freedom of speech.

Smith's account of the hardships experienced in the Virginia colony most directly encouraged which of the following changes in subsequent settlements?

Increased attention to farming and agriculture

Which of the following contexts contributed most directly to the interest in trade with China as described in the excerpt?

Increased demand for resources and markets for goods

During the colonial era, which of the following was a widespread effect of the interactions between European colonists and American Indians described in the excerpt?

Increased intensity of warfare between the two groups

Which of the following developments most likely explains the trade policies Burlingame advocates in the excerpt?

Increasing support for laissez-faire economic policies

The issuing of documents such as the proclamation generally had which of the following effects?

Increasing the visibility of organized opposition to slavery

The excerpt is best understood as a response to which of the following historical developments?

Industrialization

Which of the following can be inferred about the popular business practices of the late 1800s referenced in Gould's testimony?

Industry leaders increased profits and concentrated wealth through corporate consolidation into trusts and holding companies.

Which of the following most directly made possible the ideas described in the excerpt?

Innovations including textile machinery, steam engines, and interchangeable parts

Which of the following evidence could best be used to support Gitlin's argument in the excerpt?

Intermarriage between French colonists and American Indians

Which of the following United States actions most directly resulted from the goals expressed in the excerpt?

Intervention in the conflict in Korea

Which of the following was true of the United States Constitution as adopted at the Constitutional Convention?

It was built on a series of compromises

The opinion in the excerpt can best be used to support which of the following arguments about the Fourteenth Amendment?

It was necessary to protect the civil rights of African Americans.

Which of the following can best be concluded about United States involvement in the First World War based on the point of view expressed in the excerpt?

Joining the war was a departure from the traditional foreign policy of nonintervention.

By the 1770s, to which of the following groups would Otis' argument that the colonies "must obey" Parliament most appeal?

Loyalists in New York

Supporters of Washington's comments would most likely have agreed with which of the following foreign policies?

Maintaining economic relationships

Which of the following most supported the development of the commerce described in the third paragraph?

Maize cultivation spread northward from Mexico.

Participation in the "civil body politic" referenced in the excerpt would have been most available to which of the following?

Male church members

The role of new technology in economic change in the late 1800s was most similar to the role of technology in which of the following earlier situations?

Manufacturing spread in the early 1800s, allowing more efficient production.

Gould's testimony best serves as evidence for which of the following situations during the late 1800s?

Many businesses owners argued that pro-growth government policies best facilitated economic growth.

"I submit that an individual who breaks a law that conscience tells him is unjust, and who willingly accepts the penalty of imprisonment in order to rouse the conscience of the community over its injustices, is in reality expressing the very highest respect for the law. The quotation above is from

Martin Luther King Jr.

Which of the following best characterizes the process described in the first paragraph of the excerpt?

Native American agriculture encouraged the growth of socially diversified urban areas.

Which of the following claims in the first and second paragraph of the excerpt did Las Casas use to support his overall argument about the capabilities of Native Americans?

Native American societies did not meet the definition of "barbarian."

Which of the following most directly refutes the argument presented in the third paragraph of the excerpt?

Nativist campaigns led to the passage of quotas that restricted immigration from Europe and Asia.

Which of the following explains a similarity among reactions to the characteristics of immigration in the late 1800s described in the poem and reactions to earlier immigration to the United States?

Nativists advocated that the government should reduce the power of immigrant voters in elections.

The development of the railroads as described in the excerpt had which of the following effects on westward expansion in the late 1800s?

New commercial centers and communities emerged along rail lines.

Which of the following best explains a result of the developments described in the excerpt?

New employment opportunities opened up for African Americans in industrial and defense industries.

Which of the following explains a continuity in the effect of technological innovation on the production of goods in the late 1800s?

New industrial machines increased the number of goods that factories could make.

The excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following historical situations in urban areas in the late 1800s?

New public spaces were designed to enhance urban environments.

The situation of the excerpt could best be used by a historian to support which of the following explanations of changes in society during the Gilded Age?

New scientific theories of race emerged to justify segregation.

The share of White and African American populations in the various states shown in the table most strongly suggests which of the following?

Newly settled states such as Kentucky and Tennessee relied less on slave labor than did regions elsewhere in the South.

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the document from which the excerpt was taken?

Organizing a system of rules and order in the colony

Senator Joseph McCarthy's actions, as described in the excerpt, were most likely interpreted at the time as a reaction to which of the following historical situations?

Perceptions of expanding foreign influence

Which of the following pieces of evidence would refute Postel's claim in the first paragraph of the excerpt about the "ethos of modernity and progress" and the Populists?

Populist speakers often used religious examples and metaphors to make moral arguments for their policies.

Which of the following pieces of evidence would refute Postel's claim in the last paragraph of the excerpt that the "corporate vision clashed with the Populist vision" for the United States economy in the late 1800s?

Populists sought new markets for United States agricultural goods overseas.

The women described in the excerpt would have most typically engaged in which of the following activities during the Revolutionary era?

Producing goods for the Patriot cause

The ideas of the Populist Party, as expressed in the excerpt, had the most in common with the ideas of the

Progressive Movement

The events described in the excerpt resulted in which of the following developments in the British North American colonies?

Protestant evangelicalism furthered the Anglicization of the colonies.

The provision above overturned the

Supreme Court ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford

The goals of the Mormons, as described in the excerpt, were most like the goals of which of the following colonial groups?

Puritans in New England

Which of the following most directly resulted from concerns over the increased power of the federal government in the late 1700s?

Rebellions over the right to tax goods, such as the Whiskey Rebellion

After the war, propaganda such as that employed by the image was used to help justify which of the following policies?

Red Scare prosecutions

Which of the following developments is the most direct effect of the situation portrayed in the image?

Reduced public trust in the federal government and the president

Which of the following is the most likely reason why Adams dates the beginning of the American Revolution to the 1760s?

Renewed efforts by Great Britain to consolidate imperial control over the colonies

What conclusions about school segregation in 1954 can be drawn from the map above?

School segregation was a national problem, not one confined to a single region.

The developments described in the excerpt best illustrate which of the following?

Second Great Awakening

The Proclamation of 1763 did which of the following?

Set a boundary along the crest of the Appalachians beyond which the English colonists were forbidden to settle.

Which of the following best describes the economic system that supported the Native American villages discussed in the second paragraph of the excerpt?

Settled subsistence farming

Before moving to Chicago, the people described in the excerpt most likely were engaged in which of the following?

Sharecropping or tenant farming

Which of the following describes an overall argument of the excerpt?

Slavery is contrary to the ideals of the American Revolution.

Americans advocating the ideas expressed in the passage above would be most accurately described as

Social Darwinists

Which of the following most directly contributed to the sentiments expressed in the excerpt?

Social inequalities exposed during the Civil Rights movement

The concerns Addams raises in the excerpt were most directly a reaction to which of the following?

Social injustice and rising economic inequality

Addams' point of view in the excerpt can be used to support which of the following arguments about social reformers during the Gilded Age?

Social reformers explored connections between different social problems.

The speech's point of view can best be used to support which of the following historical arguments about the early 1900s?

Some Americans advocated economic development of overseas countries in order to justify imperialism.

The excerpt most strongly suggests that in 1774 which of the following was correct?

Some members of the First Continental Congress sought a compromise between submission to British authority and independence.

Evidence in the excerpt best corroborates which of the following?

Southern politicians would not abandon slavery, and they believed Lincoln was a threat to that system.

Advocates for individuals such as those shown in the photograph most likely would have agreed with which of the following perspectives?

That the government had an obligation to establish workplace safety standards

Which of the following most directly contributed to the ideas described in the excerpt?

The British colonies became part of a trans-Atlantic print culture that facilitated the spread of European ideas.

The table most directly suggests which of the following developments by 1749 ?

The British established increasingly extensive trade networks to provide goods to its colonies.

The conclusion of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) had which of the following effects on Native American societies?

The British government attempted to restrict western settlement to reduce tensions between colonists and Native Americans.

Britain's victory in the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) had which of the following economic consequences for its American colonies?

The British government increased taxation of colonial goods to help pay off the debt created by the war.

In the excerpt, Otis was responding to which of the following developments?

The British government's attempts to pay for the costs of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War)

Which of the following invalidated the decision in the excerpt?

The Fourteenth Amendment

Why did Congressional Reconstruction end in 1877?

The Republican and Democratic parties effected a compromise agreement after the 1876 presidential election

Life in the Jamestown Colony in the early seventeenth century was difficult for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

The Spanish conducted frequent raids.

The encomienda and slavery systems both contributed to which of the following developments?

The Spanish developed a race-based caste system that defined the status of Europeans, Native Americans, Africans, and people of mixed race in their colonies.

Which of the following most directly resulted from the change in the Native American population described by Las Casas?

The Spanish imported Africans as a new source of labor.

Which of the following was a major difference between the Spanish colonies in the Americas in the 1500s and the English colonies in the Americas in the early 1600s?

The Spanish more actively sought to convert American Indians to Christianity than did the English.

Which of the following was a similarity between the encomienda system and slavery in the Spanish colonies?

The Spanish used both labor systems for plantation agriculture as well as for mining in their American colonies.

Which of the following overall arguments did Hamilton make about the Articles of Confederation?

The United States should abandon the Articles to form a stronger central government.

Which of the following describes an interpretation of Clay's economic principles at the time as expressed in the excerpt?

The United States should increase domestic manufacturing to promote prosperity.

Which of the following most directly led to the circumstances illustrated by the image?

The United States victory in the Spanish-American War

Which of the following most directly led to the circumstances illustrated by the image?

The United States victory in the Spanish-American War

Which of the following claims did Hamilton make in the excerpt about the powers of the United States under the Articles of Confederation?

The United States was not empowered to raise sufficient money for the government.

The ideas in the excerpt were most likely interpreted by American colonists in the 1770s as a call to reject which of the following?

The acceptance of the divine right of kings

Which of the following pieces of evidence could best be used to support Addams' argument in the excerpt about politics in the late 1800s?

The allegiance of immigrant voters led to the creation of urban political machines.

Which of the following describes a piece of evidence for Las Casas' claim in the fourth paragraph about the similarity between ancient Spanish people and Native Americans?

The ancient Spanish had a right to their own freedom.

Which of the following most immediately increased enthusiasm in the United States for upholding the freedoms outlined in the excerpt?

The attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor

The principle of federalism embodied in the United States Constitution had most in common with which of the following earlier aspects of British colonial government?

The autonomy of colonial legislatures from Great Britain

Which of the following contributed most to the trend in African American migration from the South between 1940 and 1949 ?

The availability of industrial employment during the Second World War

Which of the following most plausibly influenced Garvey's argument in the excerpt?

The concept of self-determination debated at the Treaty of Versailles peace talks

Which of the following best explains a key reason for rapid economic development during the Gilded Age?

The consolidation of large industries facilitated mass production.

George Washington's suggestions about United States foreign relations reflect which of the following situations?

The continued European colonial presence along United States borders

Which of the following was the most direct effect of the African American migration shown on the graph between 1900 and 1929 ?

The cultural movement known as the Harlem Renaissance

Which of the following factors best supports the argument in the excerpt?

The debates over the federal government's proper role had intensified during the early nineteenth century.

The excerpt could best be used as evidence by historians studying which of the following?

The decline of the Red Scare

Which of the following best explains the spread of images of George Washington in the United States after the American Revolution?

The desire of Americans to develop a new national culture

Which of the following most likely motivated Parliament to pass the law in the excerpt?

The desire to pursue mercantilist goals

Which of the following earlier trends was most similar to the pattern described in the excerpt?

The development of Atlantic world commerce in the 1600s and early 1700s

Which of the following best explains the depiction of George Washington in the painting?

The development of a sense of American identity among Patriots

Which of the following was an outcome of the Colombian Exchange?

The diets of Europeans improved.

Which of the following post-1945 developments contributed most strongly to the discomfort that members of SDS felt?

The disillusionment with United States domestic values and Cold War events

Bodnar's and Ewen's overall arguments in the excerpts together best support which of the following conclusions?

The economic needs and social ambitions of young immigrants could be in conflict.

Which of the following most directly led to the passage of the Navigation Act of 1660 ?

The emergence of an Atlantic economy

Which of the following best explains the presence of the Spanish in the areas depicted on the map?

The emergence of competition between European powers in the Americas

Which of the following historical developments contributed most directly to the market revolution?

The emergence of new forms of transportation

Which of the following was a primary feature of social relations established in the Spanish colonies in the Western Hemisphere?

The emergence of racially mixed populations mingling European settlers, Native Americans, and Africans

Which of the following was a major difference between the encomienda system and slave labor in the Spanish colonies?

The encomienda system exploited the labor of Native Americans, whereas slavery more typically extracted labor from enslaved Africans.

Which of the following best supports the general argument in the excerpt about how Europeans changed North America?

The establishment of fenced fields on family farms

Which of the following factors most directly contradicted Adams' theory about the Revolution?

The existence of considerable Loyalist opposition to the Patriot cause

The Anti-Federalists' view of government power during the 1780s, as described in the excerpt, is best reflected by which of the following?

The existence of many state constitutions that limited executive authority

Which of the following most directly contributed to Roosevelt's view that "freedom from want" was necessary?

The experience of domestic and global economic upheavals during the 1930s

Which of the following best explains the expansion of participatory democracy in the early nineteenth century?

The extension of suffrage rights to most adult White men

Which of the following historical events in the 1790s most directly followed from the developments described in the excerpt?

The federal government established a new economic policy in part by assuming states' debts from the American Revolution.

Which of the following occurred during Radical Reconstruction?

The formation of the Ku Klux Klan

The development described in the excerpt represented which of the following long-term trends in Virginia?

The hardening of racial divisions

During and immediately after the Revolutionary era, which of the following resulted most directly from the efforts of women such as those described in the excerpt?

The ideal that women would teach republican values

By the early 1600s, which of the following had most changed the circumstances of villages such as Secotan in eastern North America?

The impact of epidemic diseases introduced by Europeans

The excerpt from Locke's Two Treatises of Government could best be used as evidence by historians studying which of the following topics?

The impact of the Enlightenment on Revolutionary political thought

Developments such as that depicted in the image most directly led to which of the following?

The importation of enslaved Africans to the Caribbean

The expansion of a market economy in the early nineteenth century is reflected in which of the following?

The improvement of transportation and availability of goods

Which of the following evidence is used by the author to support his argument about state independence?

The inability of the central government to carry out many laws

Which of the following contexts best explains the increase in violent conflicts in the western United States in the late 1800s?

The increase in migration by White settlers

Which of the following contributed most to the changes shown in the graph?

The introduction of new diseases

Which of the following best describes the situation of freedom in the decade following the Civil War?

The majority entered sharecropping arrangements with former masters or other nearby planters.

French exploration of North America, as reflected in the excerpt, most directly contributed to which of the following?

The ongoing shift from feudalism to capitalism in western Europe

People who disagreed at the time with the ideas expressed in the poem were most likely to advocate for which of the following government policies?

The passage of legislation to ban immigration from eastern Asia

Anti-immigrant nativism of the 1840s and 1850s had the most in common with which of the following earlier developments?

The passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798), which limited rights for foreign-born residents

The excerpt could best be used by historians studying which of the following in the early 1800s?

The political debates over economic development

Interpretations of Locke's assertions regarding a "state of freedom" and a "state also of equality" most directly influenced which of the following?

The political rhetoric of Patriots during the American Revolution

The historical situation of the excerpt supports which of the following arguments about reform in the Gilded Age?

The position of women as prominent leaders in reform movements increased their public role in society.

Moctezuma's statement that the Mexica "were not the aborigines of the country" most likely refers to which of the following developments?

The presence of different and complex societies before European contact

Which of the following most immediately built on the ideas expressed in the excerpt?

The publication of the pamphlet Common Sense

The trend in the population percent increase from 1790 to 1800 most likely indicates which of the following?

The rapid movement of migrants to newly settled states such as Kentucky and Tennessee

The failure of the Articles of Confederation resulted in which of the following changes in the government of the United States?

The ratification of a constitution that established a stronger central government

Dickinson's desire to preserve "a certain degree of agency" for states is best explained by which of the following developments in the early United States?

The retention of regional cultural identity in conjunction with national unity

The pattern described in the excerpt of Americans who "got married, moved to the suburbs, and had babies" most directly contributed to which of the following long-term developments?

The rise of youth rebellion through the counterculture

Which of the following most directly contributed to the development depicted in the image?

The search for new sources of wealth in the Caribbean

Historical developments such as that depicted in the image helped advance which of the following?

The spread of Spanish influence in the Western Hemisphere

A desire for greater national security in the United States emerged immediately after the Second World War because of fear of which of the following?

The spread of international communism

The events described in the excerpt most directly reflected which of the following developments?

The spread of the First Great Awakening from Britain to North America

Which of the following issues did the framers of the United States Constitution most directly address?

The strengthening of central government powers

Dickinson's concern for the "mischiefs" in the states is best understood in the context of which of the following?

The threat to state governments from popular uprisings

The expansion of European settlement in the Americas most directly led to which of the following developments?

The use of enslaved Native Americans and Africans to meet the labor demands of colonial agricultural production

People who shared the views expressed in the excerpt most likely opposed which of the following?

The use of federal government funding for internal improvements

Which of the following was true of the Northeast American Indian tribes at the time Europeans first began colonization?

Their political and linguistic differences hindered their united opposition to the Europeans

Farmers generally responded to industrialization in the late nineteenth century in which of the following ways?

They backed political movements calling for limits on corporate power and government ownership of transportation.

The excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following developments for many individuals who amassed great wealth during the period?

They came to believe that they had a moral obligation to help improve society to address the needs of the working and middle classes.

The framers of the United States Constitution initially responded to abuses of executive authority by the British monarch in which of the following ways?

They established the separation of powers between the president and Congress.

Which of the following can be concluded about the status of middle-class people during the late 1800s when the excerpt was produced?

They experienced a growth of access to leisure time.

The historical situation of the court ruling described in the excerpt could best be used to support which of the following claims about African Americans during the late 1800s?

They organized reform movements in order to fight for political equality.

Which of the following best explains why some European colonists intermarried with Native Americans?

To create economic and diplomatic relationships between Europeans and Native Americans

Which of the following was a major purpose of Otis' pamphlet?

To encourage opposition to Parliament's regulation of colonial commerce

Smith most likely wrote his account for which of the following reasons?

To increase support for the colony from the monarchy and investors

Which of the following explains the most likely reason why English colonists wanted to come to North America?

To seek economic opportunity and improved living conditions

Washington most likely wrote about political parties for which of the following purposes?

To warn the public that political parties result in national divisions

Which of the following transportation developments opened the West to settlement and trade between 1790 and 1830?

Turnpikes and canals

The point of view in the excerpt best supports which of the following historical arguments about United States involvement in the First World War before 1917 ?

United States policies favorable to Great Britain undercut American neutrality.

Which of the following of Jackson's policies undermined his position as described in the excerpt?

Using federal power to forcibly relocate American Indian groups

Which of the following most appropriately characterizes the violence exhibited in such episodes as Bacon's Rebellion, the Boston Tea Party, Shays' Rebellion, and the Whiskey Rebellion?

Violence was directed at "outsiders" or representatives of distant authority

Which of the following most appropriately characterizes the violence exhibited in such episodes as Bacon's Rebellion, the Boston Tea Party, Shays' Rebellion, and the Whiskey Rebellion?

Violence was directed at "outsiders" or representatives of distant authority.

The perspectives expressed in the public service announcements suggest that popular interest in environmental issues such as smog control emerged most directly from

a greater awareness of the impacts of abuses of natural resources

Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in the New World, was founded by

a joint stock company anxious to return a profit to investors

The 1950s picture above shows what some social critics believed to be

a representation of the conformity of postwar culture

The second paragraph of the excerpt proposes that the Massachusetts legislature should

abolish slavery and release enslaved African Americans upon adulthood

In the decades following the Civil War, the woman's rights movement that began at Seneca Falls focused its energies most strongly on

achieving the right to vote

The announced purpose of the Marshall Plan was to

aid the economic recovery of war-torn Europe

The first paragraph of the excerpt makes the claim that

all people should have the same inherent liberties

Hamilton claimed in the excerpt that state sovereignty

allowed states to ignore the requests of the central government

The excerpt suggests that Progressives in the early twentieth century most typically sought to

challenge political inequality

Schlafly's argument in the excerpt responded most directly to the

change in the structure of families

The British Crown's response to actions like those in the excerpt was to

declare the American colonies to be in open rebellion

The interaction between Cortés and Moctezuma most strongly demonstrates Cortés'

desire for increased power and status

The French most differed from the Spanish in relations with American Indians in that the French

developed stronger alliances with American Indians

The excerpt makes the overall argument that the Atlantic economy

drove long-lasting economic shifts across Europe, Africa, and the Americas

The issuing of the declaration in the excerpt best serves as evidence of the

efforts of colonists to protect their rights as English subjects

An implication of Las Casas' argument is that a major cause of the decline of the native populations in the Americas after 1492 was the

epidemics brought to the Americas by Europeans

The Dutch settled New Netherland primarily to

expand their commercial and mercantile network

The percentages of White and African American populations in South Carolina shown in the table most directly suggest the

expansion of slavery in the Deep South

On the eve of the Civil War, the South enjoyed an advantage over the North in

experienced military leadership

The policy suggested in the image was most directly a response to

fears that immigrants were dangerous radicals or would increase competition for jobs

The cartoon was primarily a response to the

growing debate over the Vietnam War

One piece of evidence Las Casas used to support his claim about Native American societies in the third paragraph is that they

had developed large urban areas

Landsman claims that some historians might not consider the Middle Colonies a single British colonial region because the Middle Colonies

had different local economies focused on Philadelphia and New York City

The most important factor that enabled the Spanish to conquer native peoples in Mexico and New Spain in the sixteenth century was the

introduction of European diseases to which native peoples were not resistant

In addition to the cotton gin, Eli Whitney's major contribution to American Technology was his

introduction of interchangeable parts

A direct result of European exploration of North America during the 1500s and early 1600s was the

introduction of new animals and crops to North America

The key concern that Galloway's plan was designed to address was the

lack of American representation in the British Parliament

English colonization patterns in North America differed most from Spanish colonization in that the English

more often settled as families and rarely intermarried with Native Americans

During the period of the American Revolution, Locke's point of view in the excerpt would most likely have been interpreted as promoting a form of government based on

natural rights

In their colonization of the Americas, the Spanish used the encomienda system to

organize and regulate Native American labor

The most controversial and divisive component of the Compromise of 1850 was the

passage of a tougher national fugitive slave act

The Southern economy before the Civil War increasinaly

produced more cotton and other crops but did not develop much industry

The labor system described in the first paragraph of the excerpt was most similar to the labor system used for

producing sugar in the Caribbean

The Great Depression-era photograph above was taken with the goal of

publicizing the plight of migrant farmworkers and their families

The economy of the Middle Colonies differed from the economy of Virginia described in the excerpt in that the Middle Colonies more often

relied on enslaved labor in cities

The primary objective of the founders of the Know-Nothing party was the

restriction of the rights of immigrants

Compared with French and Spanish interactions with American Indians, English interaction with American Indians more often promoted

separation between the groups

Of the following, the most important cause of the Great Depression was

serious dislocations in international trade

Unlike Commissioner Parker, Chief Joseph supports the claim that American Indians

sought to preserve their culture

Before 1492, many American Indian cultures were strongly influenced by the

spread of corn cultivation

When the Emancipation Proclamation was issued at the beginning of 1863, its immediate effect was to

strengthen the moral cause of the Union

The opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 was important because it

strengthened the ties between the eastern manufacturing and western agricultural regions

The image best serves as evidence that many Native American groups had developed farming techniques that

supported permanent villages

Historians have argued that all of the following were causes of the Civil War EXCEPT

the growing power of poor Southern Whites who resisted planter dominance and sought to abolish slavery

At the time the excerpts were written, Martin Luther King, Jr., disagreed with Malcolm X in that King believed that

the most desirable outcome of Civil Rights activism would be equal rights and racial integration