apush trimester 2 exam

The Federalist papers were written in order to

attain ratification of the Constitution

Mark Grimsley, historian, "Wars for the American South: The First and Second Reconstructions Considered as Insurgencies," Civil War History, 2012 Question Which of the following pieces of evidence best supports the argument in the excerpt? Responses Federal legislation banned many former Confederate leaders from contributing to state constitutional conventions. The Fourteenth Amendment gave state governments the obligation to protect citizens' rights. President Ulysses S. Grant supported laws to combat the rise of the Ku Klux Klan. Some groups of White Southerners prevented African Americans from voting.

.some groups of White Southerners prevented African Americans from voting.

Which of the following would most likely have opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act? Responses A Missouri slaveholder Stephen Douglas A midwestern investor in a Pacific-to-Chicago railroad line A Southern supporter of popular sovereignty A New England abolitionist

A New England abolitionist

Which of the following was a consequence of the shift to sharecropping and the crop lien system in the late nineteenth-century South? -A major redistribution of land ownership -A diversification of crops -A cycle of debt and depression for Southern tenant farmers -A rise in cotton yields per acre from antebellum production levels -The termination of the control exerted by White landowners of former slaves

A cycle of debt and depression for Southern tenant farmers

In the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies." The appeal quoted above was made by: -Judith Sargent Murray -Abigail Adams -Philip Freneau -Mercy Otis Warren -Thomas Paine

Abigail Adams

The main goal of the American Colonization Society was to promote colonization in

Africa by free Black persons and former slaves

In the late nineteenth century, state governments in the South were largely successful in restricting Responses African Americans' voting rights guaranteed by the Fifteenth Amendment the power of the Democratic Party in the region state laws allowing married women to own property corruption in the federal government antitrust laws regarding textile manufacturing

African Americans' voting rights guaranteed by the Fifteenth Amendment

Which of the following most directly led to the change in the "temper of America toward Great Britain" described in the excerpt? Responses -A change in the British constitution -The election of a new British Parliament -British efforts to consolidate control over its colonies -An end to American Indian threats requiring British protection

British efforts to consolidate control over its colonies

The Sons of Liberty initiated the Boston Tea Party in direct response to

British efforts to protect the East India Company from bankruptcy

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the perception of many White Southerners that antislavery sentiment was spreading in the 1850s? Responses Uncle Tom's Cabin drew enthusiastic audiences of Northern readers and theatergoers. Groups like the New England Emigrant Aid Company worked to make Kansas a free state. Some prominent Northern intellectuals like Henry David Thoreau praised John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry. The Republican Party attracted an increasing number of supporters. Congress voted to end the interstate slave trade.

Congress voted to end the interstate slave trade.

The Compromise of 1850 did which of the following?

Enacted a stringent fugitive slave law.

The Compromise of 1877

Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river

The Northwest Ordinances did which of the following? 1.Provided for the annexation of the Oregon Territory. 2.Established reservations for Native Americans. 3.Granted settlers a free homestead of 160 acres. 4.Established the terms for settlement and admission of new states. 5.Banned slavery north of the 36° 30′ line.

Established the terms for settlement and admission of new states.

Which of the following best describes the policy of the government of Mexico toward Texas? -It tried to sell Texas to the United States at the time of the Louisiana Purchase. -It encouraged American settlement in Texas in the 1820's and early 1830's. -It governed Texas with stringent regulations in the 1820's. -It encouraged the establishment of a strong local government in Texas in the mid-1830's. -It favored the annexation of the Republic of Texas by the United States in the 1830's and early 1840's.

It encouraged American settlement in Texas in the 1820's and early 1830's.

Which of the following helped to convince several states to ratify the United States Constitution? -George Washington gave speeches to large public gatherings, asking for their support. -Thomas Jefferson published essays on the virtues of the Constitution. -James Madison and Alexander Hamilton anonymously published essays explaining the benefits of a strong federal government. -Supporters organized letter-writing campaigns urging the adoption of the Constitution. -The Constitutional Convention gave states control over western lands.

James Madison and Alexander Hamilton anonymously published essays explaining the benefits of a strong federal government.

All of the following contributed to discontent among soldiers in the Continental Army EXCEPT: Most soldiers were draftees. The soldiers feared for the welfare of families back home. The army had inadequate arms and ammunition. The army paid soldiers in depreciated paper money. The army was inadequately fed and clothed.

Most soldiers were draftees.

The argument between Great Britain and its American colonies during the 1760's and 1770's over "virtual representation" concerned: -patterns of legislative apportionment in the colonial assemblies -Parliament's ability to reflect colonial interests -the lack of colonial participation in negotiating the Treaty of Paris -the increasing use of juryless admiralty courts in the colonies -the representation of "free men of color" in colonial assemblies

Parliament's ability to reflect colonial interests

Mark Grimsley, historian, "Wars for the American South: The First and Second Reconstructions Considered as Insurgencies," Civil War History, 2012 Question The events described in the excerpt best support which of the following arguments about Reconstruction? Responses -Reconstruction created only temporary political opportunities for formerly enslaved people. -The Union army generally took extensive measures to reorder race relations in the South. -African Americans were generally opposed to Southern Republican state governments. -Northern resolve to engage in Reconstruction began to wane only in the mid-1870s.

Reconstruction created only temporary political opportunities for formerly enslaved people

You will, no doubt, be hard on us rioters tomorrow morning—but that 300-dollar law has made us nobodies, vagabonds and cast-outs of society, for whom nobody cares when we must go to war and be shot down." The statement above refers to conscription during which conflict?

The Civil War

August 1788 Which of the following most directly addressed reservations about the process depicted in the image?

The addition of the Bill of Rights to the Constitution

Which of the following most profoundly transformed the lives of slaves in the South in the mid-1700s? Responses The reluctance of White slaveholders to move west and settle in the Ohio River valley The growing popularity of antislavery sentiment among White Americans The growth of a native-born African American population The prevalence of slave rebellions on large plantations The passage of gradual emancipation laws in the upper South

The growth of a native-born African American population

Which of the following was a characteristic of colonial Pennsylvania?

There was no established church.

Which of the following statements best characterizes the activists who attended the Seneca Falls Convention

They called for expanded women's rights.

In the antebellum period, free African Americans were

able to accumulate some property in spite of discrimination

The United States House of Representatives responded to abolitionist agitation in the 1830s by

banning discussion of antislavery petitions

Shays' Rebellion frightened many Americans when: -city mobs raided flour supplies in Philadelphia -debt-ridden farmers attacked courts in western Massachusetts -Indians raided frontier settlements in Virginia -squatters terrorized proprietors in New York -vigilantes in South Carolina patrolled the frontier:

debt-ridden farmers attacked courts in western Massachusetts

The Constitutional Convention designed the electoral college to

insulate the presidency from the popular will

In addition to the cotton gin, Eli Whitney's major contribution to American Technology was his

introduction of interchangeable parts

When the Emancipation Proclamation was issued at the beginning of 1863, its immediate effect was to

strengthen the moral cause of the Union

"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside." Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution The provision above overturned the

supreme Court ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford

In the first half of the nineteenth century, Cherokee efforts to retain their tribal lands in Georgia received direct support from

the United States Supreme Court

The dramatic increase in the South's slave labor force between 1810 and 1860 was due to Responses an increase in the African slave trade the importation of slaves from the West Indies an increase in the severity of fugitive slave laws the acquisition of Louisiana the natural population increase of American-born slaves

the natural population increase of American-born slaves

By the time of the American Revolution, most patriots had come to believe that, in republican government, sovereignty was located in

the people

Andrew Jackson supported all of the following EXCEPT Responses Indian removal the right of nullification the removal of federal deposits from the Bank of the United States annexation of new territory use of the presidential veto power

the right of nullification

The American Colonization Society was established in the early nineteenth century with the goal of

transporting African Americans to Africa

Which of the following was NOT a result of the growth of a national market economy between 1815 and 1860 ? Responses Increasing economic specialization The application of machinery to the mass production of goods A greater disparity of wealth between rich and poor Americans The beginnings of an organized labor movement A greater number of men working at home

A greater number of men working at home

New England Puritans sought primarily to create which of the following in Massachusetts? Responses -A missionary community focused on converting American Indians to Christianity -Town meetings at which all adult males could vote -A model community promoting government by strict religious principles -A society founded on the principles of religious toleration -A community whose members achieved salvation through good works

A model community promoting government by strict religious principles

The construction of canals depicted on the map most directly led to which of the following?

A strengthening of economic ties between the Northeast and the Midwest

The issuance of the Monroe Doctrine did which of the following? Responses -Reaffirmed George Washington's goal of United States neutrality in the Americas. -Helped Secretary of State John Quincy Adams secure the presidency in 1824. -Established the United States as the dominant economic power in South America. -Provided the basis for resolving Anglo-American border disputes. -Asserted American independent in the realm of foreign policy.

Asserted American independent in the realm of foreign policy.

Which of the following achievements of the "carpetbag" governments survived the "Redeemer" administrations?: -Participation by both Whites and African Americans in local government -Establishment of a public school system -Election of African American majorities to state legislatures -Establishment of a vigorous Republican Party in the South -Opening of public facilities to African Americans

Establishment of a public school system

Which of the following contributed most to the American Victory in the Revolution?

French military and financial assistance.

The first attempt to apply the doctrine of popular sovereignty in determining the status of slavery occurred in

Kansas

President Andrew Jackson's creation of a monetary system based on state-chartered banks most likely contributed to which of the following? Responses A rise in manufacturing The Panic of 1837 Expanded transportation networks Labor strikes The imposition of a high tariff

The Panic of 1837

Many Americans were suspicious of the Second Bank of the United States for which of the following reasons? -They believed that it was controlled by leaders of the Whig Party. -They believed that it was controlled by southern plantation owners. -They believed that it was controlled by a commercial elite. -It refused to make any loans for business expansion. -It refused to exchange bank notes for gold.

They believed that it was controlled by a commercial elite.

Which of the following statements about Africans brought as slaves to the British North American colonies is true?

They maintained cultural practices brought from Africa

The image most directly reflects the belief held by many in 1788 that

a stronger central government was a positive step

Alexander Hamilton's financial program was most favorable to western farmers war veterans southern planters eastern merchants state banker

eastern merchants

The First Continental Congress called for the Continental Association to

enforce an economic boycott of British goods

During the War for Independence, the principal reason the American government sought diplomatic recognition from foreign powers was to

facilitate the purchase of arms and borrowing of money from other nations

In 1787-1789, which of the following groups was most likely to oppose ratification of the Constitution? Responses Farmers in isolated areas Export merchants Former officers in the Continental Army Southern planters Urban artisans

farmers in isolated areas

All of the following led Congress to impose Radical Reconstruction measured EXCEPT the -enactment of Black Codes by southern legislatures -outbreak of race riots in New Orleans and Memphis -massive exodus of former slaves from the South -election of former Confederates to Congress -response of southern legislatures to the Fourteenth Amendment

massive exodus of former slaves from the South

Parliament enacted the Stamp Act (1765) primarily to -regulate trade between the colonies and European nations -strengthen the communication network within the colonies -raise revenue to pay for British troops in the colonies regulate commercial activity within colonies -regulate commercial activity within colonies control population movement to the colonial backcountry

raise revenue to pay for British troops in the colonies

One distinguishing feature of the new middle class that emerged in the 1830s and 1840s was Responses -its members' tendency to be tolerant of religious diversity -the separation of economic production from the home and family life -the fact that almost all middle-class men attended graduate and professional schools -its members' support for ending legal immigration from eastern Europe -the fact that most married women worked outside the home to provide income for their families

the separation of economic production from the home and family life

Which of the following broader ideas did Jefferson most directly seek to advance through his administration's policies? Responses The plan for the United States to develop industry comparable to Britain's The hope for the United States to acquire overseas territories The objective of expanding slavery in the United States The vision of the United States as an agricultural republic

the vision of the United States as an agricultural republic

Five of the thirteen states voted for ratification of the Constitution only after

they were assured that a Bill of Rights would be added shortly after ratification

The American colonists' slogan "No taxation without representation" was a rejection of -salutary neglect -nativism -mercantilism -virtual representation -classical republicanism

virtual representation

The Alien and Sedition Acts were designed to -protect the nation from British spies -prevent the British from fomenting unrest among American Indians -strengthen the Constitution -weaken and deflect Republican criticism of the Federalists -counter the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

weaken and deflect Republican criticism of the Federalists

The Great Compromise of 1787 resulted in

a system of political representation for the states in the federal government

An important consequence of the "tariff of abominations" (1828) is that it led to the...

enunciation of the doctrine of nullification

What did the Northwest Ordinance accomplish? -It prohibited settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains. -It resolved the boundary dispute between Virginia and Pennsylvania. -It established procedures by which territories could become states. -It guaranteed that the United States would not violate the Iroquois Confederacy's territory. -It determined how the states would distribute land and property captured from Canada during the War of 1812.

It established procedures by which territories could become states.

Which of the following statement about the Dred Scott decision is correct? Responses -It recognized the power of Congress to prohibit slavery in the territories, but refused on technical grounds to free Scott. -It stated that Black people were not citizens of the United States. -It upheld the constitutionality of the Missouri Compromise. -It upheld the principle of popular sovereignty. -It freed Scott, but not other slaves in circumstances similar to Scott's.

It stated that Black people were not citizens of the United States.

Marbury v. Madison (1803, Marshall)

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

William Lloyd Garrison and the American Anti-Slavery Society were known for

advocating immediate and uncompensated emancipation

Politics in the antebellum United States changed dramatically because -expanded White male suffrage broadened participation in elections -female suffrage became a topic of debate in the House of Representatives -widespread electoral reform resulted in direct election of senators -the power of the federal government expanded to ensure the equal protection of all citizens -the government sought to assimilate American Indians in the West

expanded White male suffrage broadened participation in elections

All of the following contributed to the growth of the free African American population in the United States in the early nineteenth century EXCEPT

federal constitutional provisions for emancipation

Under Chief Justice John Marshall, Supreme Court decisions tended to Responses promote business enterprise restrict federal powers of taxation restrict corporate development expand state control of economic activity reduce federal control of the economy

promote business enterprise

The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions took the position that Responses only the United States Supreme Court had the power to restrict freedom of speech and press the authority of state governments included the power to decide whether or not an act of Congress was constitutional only fiscal measures initiated by state legislatures could be acted on by Congress Congress was responsible for maintaining the vitality of a "loyal opposition" political party the "supremacy clause" of the Constitution applied only to foreign affairs

the authority of state governments included the power to decide whether or not an act of Congress was constitutional

During the 1800s the most common form of resistance to slavery by slaves themselves was: -rebelling openly, using weapons, and planning confrontations -organizing petitions and demonstrations against slavery -escaping to Canada via the Underground Railroad -working slowly and breaking tools -cooperating with the abolitionist movement to advocate laws to end slavery

working slowly and breaking tools

In the early 1830's, the majority of workers in the textile mills of Massachusetts were Responses young unmarried women from rural New England newly arrived immigrants form Ireland men who were heads of households married women whose children were of school age free African Americans form urban areas

young unmarried women from rural New England

Which of the following is based on the idea of states' rights? -The Federalist papers -The Embargo Act -The Monroe Doctrine -The South Carolina Exposition and Protest -The Wilmot Proviso

The South Carolina Exposition and Protest

A Maryland master placed the following newspaper advertisement in 1772 after Harry, his slave, had run away: "He has been seen about the Negro Quarters in Patuxent, but is supposed to have removed among his Acquaintances on Potomack; he is also well acquainted with a Negro of Mr. Wall's named Rachael; a few miles from that Quarter is his Aunt, and he may possibly be harboured thereabouts." Which of the following statements about conditions under slavery is best supported by the passage above?

Slaves maintained social networks among kindred and friends despite forced separations

Life in the Jamestown Colony in the early seventeenth century was difficult for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: Responses The colonists suffered from malnutrition due to a poor diet. Some colonists believed that farming was beneath their social standing. None of the expected gold or silver was found. A severe outbreak of disease occurred. The Spanish conducted frequent raids.

The Spanish conducted frequent raids

Jefferson's purchase of Louisiana had its origins in his desire to Responses remove the French from forts along the Mississippi valley acquire a port to provide an outlet for western crops acquire territory for the expansion of slavery oppose New England Federalism demonstrate friendship for the French in the Napoleonic Wars

acquire a port to provide an outlet for western crops

he most unpopular and least successful of President Thomas Jefferson's policies was his Responses advocacy of territorial expansion handling of Barbary Coast pirates reduction of the size of the military reduction of the national debt adherence to neutrality in dealing with England and France

adherence to neutrality in dealing with England and France

In which of the following British North American colonies was slavery legally established by the early 1700's?

all the colonies

"Mrs. Hutchinson, you are called here as one of those that have troubled the peace of the commonwealth and the churches here; you are known to be a woman that hath had a great share in the promoting and divulging of those opinions that are causes of this trouble . . . and you have maintained a meeting and an assembly in your house that hath been condemned by the general assembly as a thing not tolerable nor comely in the sight of God nor fitting for your sex. . . . If you be obstinate in your course that then the court may take such course that you may trouble us no further." Governor John Winthrop, interrogation of Anne Hutchinson at her trial, Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1637 Question The trial excerpted most likely occurred in response to which of the following aspects of life in English North America in the 1600s?

The development of closed and homogeneous communities of believers

Which of the following best describes the position on slavery of most northerners during the sectional crises of the 1850s? -They were willing to accept slavery where it existed but opposed further expansion to the territories. -They were active supporters of complete abolition. -They favored continued importation of slaves from Africa. -They advocated expansion of the slave system to provide cheap labor for northern factories. -They advocated complete social and political equality for all races in the United States.

They were willing to accept slavery where it existed but opposed further expansion to the territories.

"Let Southern oppressors tremble .... I shall strenuously contend for immediate enfranchisement .... I will be as harsh as truth and as uncompromising as justice." The author of the statement above was -John C. Calhoun -Stephen A. Douglas -Henry Clay -Abraham Lincoln -William L. Garrison

William L. Garrison

The Battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862, is considered pivotal to the outcome of the Civil War because it

forestalled the possibility of European intervention

To make the new government viable, the first Congress of the United States did all of the following EXCEPT -organize a federal court system under the Supreme Court -draft a bill of rights and send it to the states for ratification -pass a tariff for the purpose of raising revenue -grant subsidies to encourage industrial development -establish the State Department

grant subsidies to encourage industrial development

The government under the Articles of Confederation had no power to

levy taxes

Which of the following statements about African American soldiers during the Civil War is correct? -They were primarily engaged in military campaigns west of the Mississippi. -They were limited to noncombat duty. -They were barred form receiving awards for valor in combat.. -For most of the war, they were paid less than White soldiers of equal rank. -For most of the war, they were led by African American officers.

For most of the war, they were paid less than White soldiers of equal rank.

Which of the following most directly contributed to the construction of canals depicted on the map?

Funding from state governments and private investors

Which of the following statements about the Monroe Doctrine is accurate? Responses -It was announced by the President over the serious objections of Secretary of State John Quincy Adams. -It was issued simultaneously with a British policy statement on Latin America. -It stressed that Europe and the Western Hemisphere had essentially different political systems. -It was immediately accepted as international law. -It was promptly challenged militarily by the "Concert of Europe."

It stressed that Europe and the Western Hemisphere had essentially different political systems.

"The federal government never acknowledged that a Conservative insurgency was underway in the South [after 1865]. . . . [It] simply divided the former Confederate states into five military districts, each commanded by a major general. . . . "Army officers had neither the orders nor the desire to provide military protection for the fledgling Republican state governments created by the Reconstruction Acts. Like any other states in the Union, these were expected to provide for their own security. Anxious to gain political legitimacy in the eyes of a white population who largely regarded them as 'regimes,' these state governments had strong reasons to downplay the subversive activities within their borders. Instead, . . . they respected the civil liberties of ex-Confederates and, with only a few exceptions, permitted their bitterest foes full participation [in] the political process. They treated the Ku Klux Klan's extensive campaigns of murder, assault, and intimidation as mere criminal activity. Those accused of such acts therefore enjoyed full access to the courts—and often dominated them." Mark Grimsley, historian, "Wars for the American South: The First and Second Reconstructions Considered as Insurgencies," Civil War History, 2012 Question Which of the following best represents a continuity with pre-Civil War Southern society suggested by the events in the excerpt? The claims to states' rights under the federal system The domination of state governments by the Republican Party The growth of a movement to expand the rights of African Americans The political revolts by White Americans against state government authority

The claims to states' rights under the federal system

"The Vigilance Committee of Boston inform you that the MOCK TRIAL of the poor Fugitive Slave has been further postponed.... Come down, then, Sons of the Puritans: for even if the poor victim is to be carried off by the brute force of arms, and delivered over to Slavery, you should at least be present to witness the sacrifice, and you should follow him in sad procession with your tears and prayers, and then go home and take such action as your manhood and your patriotism may suggest. Come, then, by the early trains on MONDAY, and rally.... Come with courage and resolution in your hearts; but, this time, with only such arms as God gave you." Proclamation addressed "To the Yeomanry of New England," Boston, 1854 Question The proclamation most clearly provides evidence for which of the following?

The failure of the Compromise of 1850 to lessen sectional tensions

"I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary! Your high independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us. The blessings in which you, this day, rejoice, are not enjoyed in common. The rich inheritance of justice, liberty, prosperity, and independence, bequeathed by your fathers, is shared by you, not by me. The sunlight that brought life and healing to you, has brought stripes and death to me. This Fourth of July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice, I must mourn. To drag a man in fetters into the grand illuminated temple of liberty, and call upon him to join you in joyous anthems, were inhuman mockery and sacrilegious irony. Do you mean, citizens, to mock me, by asking me to speak today?" Frederick Douglass, African American activist, "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?," speech, 1852 Question Which of the following was a key purpose of the excerpt?

To condemn the conflict between American ideals and practices

The early success of the Pennsylvania colony was due in large part to which of the following? -Wars that forced American Indians out of the area -William Penn's careful planning and his policy of selling land to settlers -The ease of producing cotton and rice in the climate of Pennsylvania -William Penn's policy of allowing only selected Quakers to settle there -Restrictions on religious liberty that reduced controversy and conflict

William Penn's careful planning and his policy of selling land to settlers

Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in the New World, was founded by Responses three aristocratic proprietors seeking private gain a joint stock company anxious to return a profit to investors Sir Walter Raleigh, wishing to gain favor with Elizabeth I King James I, eager to gain a base for expeditions against Spanish shipping John Smith, seeking to spread Christianity

a joint stock company anxious to return a profit to investors

The 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act instituted popular sovereignty to Responses prohibit slavery above Missouri's southern border assure that Congress had a constitutional right to establish or abolish slavery in new territories allow people living in a territory to determine whether slavery should be permitted there admit Kansas as a slave state and Nebraska as a free state allow towns to decide the issue of slavery on a case-by-case basis

allow people living in a territory to determine whether slavery should be permitted there

Missouri compromise

an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories

As originally ratified, the United States Constitution provided for

an electoral college

The immediate effect of Andrew Jackson's attack on the Second Bank of the United States in 1834 was Responses the creation of the "independent treasury" an expansion of credit and speculation the failure of state banks the establishment of modern banking regulations the creation of a federal deficit

an expansion of credit and speculation

"The Vigilance Committee of Boston inform you that the MOCK TRIAL of the poor Fugitive Slave has been further postponed.... Come down, then, Sons of the Puritans: for even if the poor victim is to be carried off by the brute force of arms, and delivered over to Slavery, you should at least be present to witness the sacrifice, and you should follow him in sad procession with your tears and prayers, and then go home and take such action as your manhood and your patriotism may suggest. Come, then, by the early trains on MONDAY, and rally.... Come with courage and resolution in your hearts; but, this time, with only such arms as God gave you." Proclamation addressed "To the Yeomanry of New England," Boston, 1854 Question The sentiments expressed in the proclamation would have been most widely condemned by White residents of

coastal South Carolina

Jackson vetoed the recharter of the Bank of the United States partly because he believed that the bank Responses concentrated too much power in the hands of a few people gave too many loans to assist unstable state and local banks was secretly funding the abolitionist movement was overly subsidized by state tax monies planned to create new paper money unsupported by gold or silve

concentrated too much power in the hands of a few people

A significant result of the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848 was that the United States Responses -suffered a military defeat -freed Texas from Mexican rule -won control of Cuba from Spain -experienced increasing tension over the issue of slavery -experienced increasing tension over the acquisition of Puerto Rico

experienced increasing tension over the issue of slavery

"I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary! Your high independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us. The blessings in which you, this day, rejoice, are not enjoyed in common. The rich inheritance of justice, liberty, prosperity, and independence, bequeathed by your fathers, is shared by you, not by me. The sunlight that brought life and healing to you, has brought stripes and death to me. This Fourth of July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice, I must mourn. To drag a man in fetters into the grand illuminated temple of liberty, and call upon him to join you in joyous anthems, were inhuman mockery and sacrilegious irony. Do you mean, citizens, to mock me, by asking me to speak today?" Frederick Douglass, African American activist, "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?," speech, 1852 Question In the 1850s ideas such as those expressed in the excerpt most directly contributed to

controversies over the expansion of slavery to new territories

The river Missouri, and the Indians inhabiting it, are not as well known as is rendered desirable by their connection with the Mississippi, and consequently with us. It is, however, understood, that the country on that river is inhabited by numerous tribes, who furnish great supplies of furs and peltry to the trade of another nation. . . . An intelligent officer, with ten or twelve chosen men, fit for the enterprise . . . might explore the whole line, even to the Western Ocean, have conferences with the natives on the subject of commercial intercourse . . . agree on convenient deposits for an interchange of articles, and return with the information acquired. . . . While other civilized nations have encountered great expense to enlarge the boundaries of knowledge by undertaking voyages of discovery . . . our nation seems to owe to the same object, as well as to its own interests, to explore this, the only line of easy communication across the continent, and so directly traversing our own part of it. The interests of commerce place the principal object within the constitutional powers and care of Congress. . . . The appropriation of two thousand five hundred dollars, 'for the purpose of extending the external commerce of the United States,' . . . would cover the undertaking from notice." President Thomas Jefferson, secret message to Congress, January 1803 Question The activities Jefferson advocates in the message represent a departure from his earlier views on the Responses tariff in the national economy extent of federal government authority continuation of slavery French Revolution

extent of federal government authority

In the 1850's, the South differed from the North in that the South had Responses a better-developed transportation system a better-educated White population less interest in evangelical religion fewer European immigrants more cities

fewer European immigrants

By passing the Navigation Acts in the 1600s and 1700s, the British government intended to -reduce shipping costs between Britain and its North American colonies -guarantee that the British government would have a financial share of all colonial exports -create a source of income for British royal governors to use for improving colonial roads and canals -stimulate direct trade between British North American colonies and Spain and France -end colonial complaints about unjust taxation and regulation

guarantee that the British government would have a financial share of all colonial exports

A major reason why Thomas Jefferson was interested in purchasing Louisiana from France was that he wanted to establish a precedent for the expansion of presidential authority wanted an area beyond the Mississippi river to which eastern Native Americans (Indians) could be moved wanted an area beyond the Mississippi river to which eastern Native had learned from Lewis and Clark of the untapped mineral resources in western areas hoped to cement a Franco-American alliance against the British hoped to preserve an agricultural society by making abundant lands available to future generations

hoped to preserve an agricultural society by making abundant lands available to future generations

The concept of republican motherhood, which historians have used to describe the roles of women in the early nineteenth century, emphasized the: -importance of women in local political decision making -idea that mothers were responsible for instilling good citizenship values in children -expectation that women's maternal roles would lead them to promote social reform -centrality of women and mothers in religious revivalism -presumption that women should enter the labor force after having children

idea that mothers were responsible for instilling good citizenship values in children

A major consequence of the French and Indian War of 1754-1763 was the

imposition of new taxes on the British North American colonies

The Declaration of Sentiments (1848), issued at Seneca Falls, New York, called for

increased rights for women

The Proclamation Line of 1763 was designed to Responses -limit western expansion of colonial settlement -establish a defensible boundary between the British and the French colonists along the Appalachian Mountains -divide western territories into future royal colonies -restrict British immigration to the North American colonies -create more taxable income for the royal government by selling western territories

limit western expansion of colonial settlement

The financial programs of Alexander Hamilton included all of the following EXCEPT: -funding of the national debt -nullification of all private debts to the states -imposition of a tax on distilled liquor -establishment of the Bank of the United States -assumption of all state debts

nullification of all private debts to the states

The government under the Articles of Confederation consisted of Responses -only a unicameral legislature -only executive and judicial branches -only legislative and judicial branches -legislative, judicial, and executive branches -only a bicameral legislature

only a unicameral legislature

The Black Codes passed in a number of southern states after the Civil War were intended to

place limits on the socioeconomic opportunities open to Black people

Jacksonian Democracy was distinguished by the belief that Responses an aristocracy posed no danger to the Republic the National Republicans alone knew what was right for the people political participation by the common man should be increased political rights should be granted to women franchise restrictions should be radically neutral

political participation by the common man should be increased

In 1861 the North went to war with the South primarily to liberate the slaves prevent European powers from meddling in American affairs preserve the Union average political defeats and insults inflicted by the South forestall a Southern invasion of the North

preserve the Union

The Louisiana Purchase proved politically troubling for Thomas Jefferson because of his

previous support for a strict interpretation of the Constitution

Settlers who established the British colony in Virginia during the seventeenth century were primarily seeking to

profit economically

Thomas Jefferson disagreed with Alexander Hamilton's economic plan primarily because he feared that it would Responses make the new nation dependent on foreign markets for its exports prevent the expansion of slavery to new states lead to a military alliance with Great Britain against revolutionary France lead to heavy taxes on whiskey producers in Pennsylvania promote urban mercantile interests at the expense of agricultural interests

promote urban mercantile interests at the expense of agricultural interests

In adopting the Fourteenth Amendment, Congress was primarily concerned with

protecting legislation guaranteeing civil rights to former slaves

The nullification crisis of 1832 arose over the issue of -Andrew Jackson's use of the veto -protective tariffs -the Second Bank of the United States -Jackson's American Indian removal policy -the Missouri Compromise

protective tariffs

"I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary! Your high independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us. The blessings in which you, this day, rejoice, are not enjoyed in common. The rich inheritance of justice, liberty, prosperity, and independence, bequeathed by your fathers, is shared by you, not by me. The sunlight that brought life and healing to you, has brought stripes and death to me. This Fourth of July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice, I must mourn. To drag a man in fetters into the grand illuminated temple of liberty, and call upon him to join you in joyous anthems, were inhuman mockery and sacrilegious irony. Do you mean, citizens, to mock me, by asking me to speak today?" Frederick Douglass, African American activist, "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?," speech, 1852 Question The excerpt most directly reflects the

public visibility of African Americans in abolitionist campaigns

The most important factor in Andrew Jackson's successful bid for the presidency in 1828 was his

reputation as a hero of the War of 1812

Members of the American (Know-Nothing) Party of the 1850s typically supported

restrictions of Catholics' holding public office

The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established

that suffrage cannot be denied based on race, color, or previous servitude

"I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary! Your high independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us. The blessings in which you, this day, rejoice, are not enjoyed in common. The rich inheritance of justice, liberty, prosperity, and independence, bequeathed by your fathers, is shared by you, not by me. The sunlight that brought life and healing to you, has brought stripes and death to me. This Fourth of July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice, I must mourn. To drag a man in fetters into the grand illuminated temple of liberty, and call upon him to join you in joyous anthems, were inhuman mockery and sacrilegious irony. Do you mean, citizens, to mock me, by asking me to speak today?" Frederick Douglass, African American activist, "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?," speech, 1852 Question In the except Douglass implicitly contrasted the African American experience with ideas expressed in

the Declaration of Independence

In 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president on a Republican platform that advocated all of the following EXCEPT Responses higher protective tariffs government subsidies for a transcontinental railroad free western land for settlers who would live and work on it the exclusion of slavery from United States territorial possessions the abolition of slavery throughout the United States

the abolition of slavery throughout the United States

France negotiated a treaty of alliance with the new American nation in 1778 following

the defeat of the British General Burgoyne at Saratoga

The belief by some Americans that the Civil War was "a rich man's war but a poor man's fight" was reflected in: -Sherman's march to Atlanta -the draft riots in New York City -Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus in the South -Thoreau's denunciation of the war -John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry

the draft riots in the New York City

Historians have argued that all of the following were causes of the Civil War EXCEPT: the clash of economic interests between agrarian and industrializing regions the actions of irresponsible politicians and agitators in the North and the South differences over the morality and future of slavery the growing power of poor Southern Whites who resisted planter dominance and sought to abolish slavery a constitutional crisis pitting states' rights against federal power

the growing power of poor Southern Whites who resisted planter dominance and sought to abolish slavery

President Monroe articulate the Monroe Doctrine in his 1823 address to Congress primarily in order to 1.respond positively to the recent Latin American revolutions 2.rule out United States involvement in South America 3.provide a rationale for United States intervention in the Isthmus of Panama 4.warn European nations against further colonial ventures in the Western 5.Hemisphere 6.encourage Britain to help the fledging Latin American states

warn European nations against further colonial ventures in the Western Hemisphere

In the eighteenth century, colonial Virginia and colonial Massachusetts were most alike in that both

were royal colonies