APUSH- Unit 7

Free Soil Party

Antislavery men in the North, distrusting both Cass and Taylor (the candidates of the other parties) organized this party- they believed in the Wilmot Provosio (which would not allow slavery in the land given by Mexico.). The Northerner's views in this group varied. (they were there for different reasons)

Bleeding Kansas

In 1856 civil war erupted in Kansas- yet by 1857 the proslavery forces tried to pass the Lecompton Constitution, which was a tricky way in which slavery, no matter what the people decided, would be allowed in Kansas. People are mad

Southern slave owners viewed Abraham Lincoln's victory in the presidential election of 1860 as a threat to slavery because he believed in what?

opposed the extension of slavery

The Missouri Compromise did which of the following?

Allowed Maine to enter the Union as a free state

In Congress, most of the criticism of the Mexican War came from the who?

Whigs

Fugitive Slave Law of 1850

-Slaves could not testify on their own behalf, and they were denied a jury trial - Abolitionists who aided the slave to escape were liable to heavy fines, jail sentences, and may even be ordered to join the slave-catchers.

Election of 1860

-The Democrats chose Stephen Douglas and John C. Brekinridge to represent them - The Constitutional Union Party chose John Bell to represent them - The Republican Party choose Abraham Lincoln to represent them (Abraham Lincoln wins)

All of the following contributed to the growth of the free African American population in the United States in the early nineteenth century- what are they?

-the gradual emancipation laws of individual states - manumission granted by slaveholders' wills -natural increase among free African Americans what did NOT contribute to the growth was: -federal constitutional provisions for emancipation

Wilmot Proviso

1846- A amendment that stated that slavery should never exist in any of the territory that we got from Mexico- this amendment never became federal law, but it was eventually endorsed by the legislatures of all but one of the free states.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

1848- The treaty singed with Mexico ended the war, confirmed the American title to Texas, and yielded the area stretching westward to Oregon and the ocean and embracing coveted California. America agreed to pay $15 million for the land and to assume the claims of its citizens against Mexico in the amount of $3,250,000.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

1852- Harriet Beecher Stowe, wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin, which laid bare the horrors of slavery, and moved many Northerners to support abolitinism.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

1854- It allowed Nebraska to be split into Kansas and Nebraska- slavery would be decided on Popular Sovereignty- that would turn out to be a problem.

Dred Scot vs. Sanford Case

1857- Dred Scott, a black slave, had lived with his master for 5 years in free soil territories- now Scott wanted his freedom. The Court decreed that: -because a slave was private property, he or she could be taken into any territory and legally held there in slavery - The Court even ruled that the Compromise of 1820 had been unconstitutional- Congress had not power to ban slavery from the territories. Yet, the ruling of the Court was more of a opinion, than a decision that could change the system.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

1858- They had 7 debates in which Lincoln and Douglas debated- the most famous debate was the Freeport Doctrine.

Who won the election of 1860?

Abraham Lincoln of the Republican Party

Freeport Doctrine

Brought up in the Lincoln-Douglas Debates in 1858- It was Douglas's response to the Freeport question; Douglas said that no matter how the Supreme Court ruled, slavery would stay down if the people voted it down. Laws to protect slavery would have to be passed by the territorial legislatures.

The Gag Rule was adopted by who and what was it?

Congress to automatically table antislavery petitions without reading

The logic and reasoning employed by Southerners in seceding from the Union borrowed heavily from the what?

Declaration of Independence.

The Compromise of 1850 did which of the following?

Enacted a stringent fugitive slave law.

John Brown

In 1856, John Brown, an abolitionist, moved to Kansas with his family. In May, Jack and a band of his followers hacked to pieces five pro-slaveryites. this terrorist butchery besmirched the free-soil cause and brought vicious retaliation from the pro-slavery forces.

Prior to the Civil War, a transformation occurred in the workforce of the New England textile mills as New England farm girls were replaced by who?

Irish immigrants

Shortly after winning independence from Spain, what best describes the policy of the government of Mexico towards Texas?

It encouraged American settlement in Texas in the 1820s

Panic of 1857

It was an economic crash caused by the in-pouring California gold, the over-stimulation of the growing of grain, and frenzied speculation in land and railroads.

Harpers Ferry

John Brown and some of his gang got money from northern abolitionists to buy guns and get the slaves to rise to form a kind of black free state as a sanctuary. After taking a federal arsenal and killing 7 innocent people (injuring 10 or more), Brown and his gang were caught by the U.S. Marines. At Brown's trial, his friends tried to say that he was insane (which might have been true) to try and save him. Yet, Brown realized that he was a greater force in the North as a martyr and dead, than living in an insane asylum- he ended up being hanged and being a martyr.

The first attempt to apply the doctrine of popular sovereignty in determining the status of slavery occurred where?

Kansas

Spot Resolutions

Lincoln, a Whig, kept asking where on American soil blood had been spilled that caused Polk to shout for war with Mexico; on what spot the blood had been shed by the Mexicans

According to President Polk, war with Mexico began when what happened?

Mexican troops crossed the Rio Grande and attacked American troops But we all know what *really* happened- we kinda provoked the Mexicans to attack first

Which of the following principles was established by the Dred Scott decision?

National legislation could not limit the spread of slavery in the territories.

The Republican party originated in the mid-1850's as a sectional party committed to which of the following?

Opposition to the further extension of slavery into the territories

Mandate

Since the Democrats won the election of 1844 through Polk, they proclaimed that they had received a "mandate" from the voters to take Texas

Compromise of 1850

Singed by Fillmore, it included: -California was admitted as a free state -Territory disputed by Texas and New Mexico to be surrendered to New Mexico - A more stringent fugitive-slave law going beyond that of 1793 - Popular sovereignty to decide on slavery in New Mexico and Utah -Slave trade in D.C. abolished- not slavery though

Which of the following best describes the attitudes of Southern whites toward slavery during the middle 19th century (ca. 1835-1865)?

Slavery was a benefit to both whites and blacks

Conscience Whigs

The Anti-slavery Whigs in Congress who opposed the war.

Manifest Destiny

The belief that God had given the right to Americans to conquer all the land in North America

The Wilmot Proviso specifically provided for what?

The prohibition of slavery in lands acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War

popular sovereignty

The settlers in a given territory have the sole right to decide whether or not slavery will be permitted there.

54 40 or fight

The slogan that expansionist Democrats used, wanting Oregon's boundary to be put with Britain at 54' 40

Which of the following provisions of the Compromise of 1850 provoked the most controversy in the 1850' s?

The strengthened Fugitive Slave Law

Which of the following provisions of the Compromise of 1850 provoked the most controversy in the 1850' s?

The strengthened Fugitive Slave Law

Which of the provisions of the Compromise of 1850 provoked the most controversy in the 1850' s?

The strengthened Fugitive Slave Law

Which of the following best describes the position on slavery of most northerners during the sectional crises of the 1850s?

They were willing to accept slavery where it existed but opposed further expansion to the territories.

Underground Railroad

This "train" consisted of anti-slavery homes through which runaway slaves were sent through, lead by white and black abolitionists from the slave states to the free-soil land of Canada.

Popular Soverignty

This was a doctrine that stated that the sovereign people of a territory, under the general principles of the Constitution, should themselves determine the status of slavery.

In 1840 the American Antislavery Society split into factions because of what?

William Lloyd Garrison's advocacy of women's rights and pacifism alienated some members

In 1840 the American Antislavery Society split into factions because why?

William Lloyd Garrison's public support of women's rights and pacifism alienated some members

James Polk

Won the presidential election of 1844- A narrow-minded president with a 4-point program: - A lowered protective tariff -Restoration of the Independent treasury -Acquisition of California -Settlement of Oregon

In the antebellum period, free African Americans were able to do what?

able to accumulate some property in spite of discrimination

As a result of the publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin in 1852, what happened in the North?

abolitionism gained ground in the North.

The Election of 1848 is significant because it demonstrated what?

demonstrated the power of the free soil idea to disrupt the political party system.

The abolitionist movement insisted on what?

insisted that slavery was foremost a question of moral evil

During the late 1840s and early 1850s, the addition of new territory into the United States affected the sectional disagreements over slavery by doing what to them?

making them much worse

The doctrine advocated by Lewis Cass and Stephen A. Douglas that the people of a territory, under the principles of the Constitution, should themselves determine the status of slavery in the territory was known as what?

popular sovereignty

The Whigs of the 1830's and 1840's differed from the Jacksonian Democrats in that the Whigs supported what?

supported the American System of Henry Clay

The slogan "Fifty-four forty or fight," which helped get James K. Polk elected president, referred to what?

the dispute between Britain and the United States over the border between American Oregon and British Canada

The main issue of the 1840S and 1850s Free-Soil Party was what?

the federal government should not permit further spread of slavery in the territories

Southern critics of slavery most often asserted what?

the plantation economy made the South a colony of the North.

The Wilmot Proviso specifically provided for what?

the prohibition of slavery in lands acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War

The Republican Party campaign platform of 1860 called for what?

the restriction of slavery from the territories.

The prominent issue in national politics in the 1840s was what?

the westward expansion of U.S. territory