apush unit two

Which author took a magnifying glass to the inner turmoil and moral shortcomings of post-Civil War high society?

a) Jack London b) Mark Twain c) Frank Norris d) Theodore Dreiser e) Edith Wharton Correct Answer: e

Immigrants to the United States in the last quarter of the nineteenth century came primarily from

a) Latin America b) Asia c) middle-class backgrounds d) European farms and villages e) Canada Correct Answer: d

Which American author is known for carrying literary realism to new heights?

a) Mark Twain b) Edith Wharton c) Frank Norris d) Stephen Crane e) Henry Adams Correct Answer: a

Who primarily ran settlement houses?

a) Nativist organizations b) Middle-class, native-born women c) Churches d) The government e) Immigrant women Correct Answer: b

naturalism (Identify the historical significance)

a) None of the choices are correct. b) A recurring artistic movement that, in the context of the late nineteenth century, aspired to capture the peculiarities, or "local color," of America's various regions in the face of modernization and national standardization. c) An offshoot of mainstream realism, this late-nineteenth-century literary movement purported to apply detached scientific objectivity to the study of human characters shaped by degenerate heredity and extreme or sordid social environments. d) Mid-nineteenth-century movement in European and American literature and the arts that sought to depict contemporary life and society as it actually was, in all its unvarnished detail. Adherents eschewed the idealism and nostalgia of the earlier romantic sensibility. Correct Answer: c

What does this image suggest about life in the tenement?

a) The work was miserable. b) Men frequently abandoned Italian American families. c) Life in the tenement was communal. Correct Answer: c

All of the following are true of "New Immigrants" except:

a) They faced discrimination from native-born Americans. b) Many of them were Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, or Jewish. c) They immigrated to America, in part, because of rapid population growth in Europe. d) They clustered in cities. e) They primarily immigrated from western Europe. Correct Answer: e

Which of the following was NOT characteristic of immigrants in the late nineteenth century?

a) They were primarily unskilled laborers. b) They were predominately from southern and eastern Europe. c) They tended to settle in urban areas. d) They often formed ethnic communities. e) They were mainly female. Correct Answer: e

What is the likely purpose of the piecework?

a) To pass the time. b) To earn a second income. c) To make the tenement more beautiful. Correct Answer: b

Jane Addams began the settlement house movement with her Hull House in Chicago, which provided social services primarily to

a) immigrants b) single mothers c) alcoholics d) African Americans e) orphaned children Correct Answer: a

Natural Selection

A theory explaining how organisms evolved

Liberal Protestantism

Reconciliation of religious ideas with modern culture

Naturalsim

A literary style exploring social dislocation and intellectual upheaval

During the late nineteenth century, members of which of the following groups were most likely to advocate settlement houses as a means of social reform?

a) African Americans leaders b) Educated middle-class women c) Labor leaders d) Scandinavian immigrants e) Democratic politicians Correct Answer: b

What did the "normal schools" that grew dramatically in the late nineteenth century specialize in?

a) Agricultural and technical education b) Combining liberal arts and professional training c) Educating teachers d) Teaching average children rather than either the elite or the mentally slow e) Legal and medical education Correct Answer: c

W. E. B. Du Bois (Identify the historical significance)

a) A Harvard-educated leader in the fight for racial equality, Du Bois believed that liberal arts education would provide the "talented tenth" of African Americans with the ability to lift their race into full participation in society. b) All of the choices are correct. c) During his long life he published many important books of history, sociology, and poetry and provided intellectual leadership to those advocating civil rights. One of his deepest convictions was that American blacks needed to connect their freedom struggle with African independence, and he died as a resident of the new nation of Ghana. d) One of his deepest convictions was that American blacks needed to connect their freedom struggle with African independence, and he died as a resident of the new nation of Ghana. e) From New York, where he was a founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), he relentlessly brought attention to racism in America and demanded legal and cultural change. Correct Answer: b

pragmatism (Identify the historical significance)

a) A distinctive American philosophy that emerged in the late nineteenth century around the theory that the true value of an idea lay in its ability to solve problems. b) The pragmatists thus embraced the provisional, uncertain nature of experimental guess work. c) All of the choices are correct. d) Among the most well-known purveyors of pragmatism were John Coltrane, Oliver Smith, Jr., and William Wallace. Correct Answer: a

John Dewey (Identify the historical significance)

a) A leader of the pragmatist movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Dewey applied its philosophy to education and social reform, advocating "learning by doing" as well as the application of knowledge to solving real-life problems. He became an outspoken promoter of social and political reforms that broadened American democracy. b) The leader of the revived women's suffrage movement, Catt served as president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) from 1900 to 1904 and again from 1915 to 1920. She was also active internationally, helping women in other countries gain suffrage and advocating for international peace. c) None of the choices are correct. d) Expatriate novelist and brother of philosopher William James. A master of "psychological realism," he experimented in novels like The Portrait of a Lady and The Wings of the Dove with point of view and interior monologue. Correct Answer: a

Carrie Chapman Catt (Identify the historical significance)

a) A leader of the revived women's suffrage movement. b) Catt was also active internationally, helping women in other countries gain suffrage and advocating for international peace. c) Catt served as president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) from 1900 to 1904 and again from 1915 to 1920. d) All of the choices are correct. Correct Answer: d

"As the early years at Hull House show, female participation in that area of reform grew out of a set of needs and values peculiar to middle-class women in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Settlement workers did not set out to become reformers. They were rather women trying to fulfill existing social expectations for self-sacrificing female service while at the same time satisfying their need for public recognition, authority, and independence. In the process of attempting to weave together a life of service and professional accomplishment, they became reformers as the wider world defined them." — Robyn Muncy, historian, Creating a Female Dominion in American Reform, 1890-1935, published in 1991 Women working in settlement houses such as Hull House initially sought to help

a) American Indians resist encroachment on their lands b) formerly enslaved men and women adjust to life after slavery c) immigrants adapt to American customs and language d) farmers fight unfair banking practices Correct Answer: c

"In August 1865, the photographer Marcus Ormsbee... took a formal portrait of several groups of craft workers in their different shops.... At the center of the photograph, at Outcault's carpentry shop, stands the conventional artisan trio of master, journeyman, and apprentice, still at the heart of the city's workshop world—yet class differences mark these craftsmen's every feature.... Brooding above everyone, a new brick manufactory seals off its employees from the street and from public view. Small shop and large enterprise converge; New York remains a blend of old and new." -Sean Wilentz, historian, Chants Democratic, 1984 Which of the following is one important continuity in urban life in the United States throughout the nineteenth century?

a) Anarchism and similar radical ideologies attracted many workers. b) Settlement houses assisted immigrants with adapting to life in the United States. c) Workers and employers consistently maintained amicable relationships. d) Immigrants formed an important part of the manufacturing workforce. Correct answer: d

Which two religious groups gained greatly from the mass immigration of the late nineteenth century?

a) Baptists and Methodists b) Puritans and Quakers c) Catholics and Jews d) Presbyterians and Dutch Calvinists e) Unitarians and Christian Scientists Correct Answer: c

All of the following were true of daily newspapers in the late nineteenth century except:

a) Bare-knuckle editorials were, to an increasing degree, being supplanted by feature articles and noncontroversial syndicated material. b) The heavy investment in machinery and plant was accompanied by a growing fear of offending advertisers and subscribers. c) As they became big businesses, the intellectual and ethical standards of American journalism declined. d) Sensational stories of sex and scandal captured the reading public's interest. e) The day of slashing journalistic giants like Horace Greeley was returning. Correct Answer: e

A prominent leader in promoting the settlement house movement was

a) Carry Nation b) Margaret Sanger c) Alice Paul d) Aimee Semple McPherson e) Jane Addams Correct Answer: e

Which of the following was a long-term development that contributed to the change in Chinese immigration depicted in the graph between 1875 and 1885 ?

a) Chinese immigrants filled most of the factory jobs created during the market revolution. b) Chinese laborers competed with White laborers for jobs and mineral wealth during the 1850s and 1860s. c) Chinese farmers settled American Indian lands taken by the United States in the 1830s and 1840s. d) Chinese recruits were used to replace White soldiers in the Union army during the Civil War. Correct Answer: b

Anthony Comstock was best known for his crusade against which of the following?

a) Darwinian evolution b) Corrupt politicians c) Sexual explicitness and obscenity d) The exploitation of women and children e) Liquor Correct Answer: c

The late nineteenth century ushered in an era of social crusades and reform, including the effort to prohibit alcohol and promote temperance. All of the following phrases describe the goals of this movement except:

a) Decrease crime and poverty in urban environments b) Target unwanted immigrant groups c) Save families from the impact of alcoholism Correct Answer: b

Which of the following most directly contributed to the overall trend depicted in the graph?

a) Global fluctuations in credit and stock markets b) Progressive Era reforms of social conditions in the United States c) The transformation of the United States into an industrial society d) The outbreak of global war Correct Answer: c

Who was the journalist-reformer who advocated a single tax?

a) Henry George b) Joseph Pulitzer c) Edward Bellamy d) Henry James e) Edwin Godkin Correct Answer: a

Which of the following best represents organized labor's views toward new immigrants?

a) Immigrant women had no place in industry. b) Immigrants needed the protection of the union. c) American workers deserved protection from these foreign laborers. d) Immigrants deserved to be paid as much as their native counterparts. e) Before working in American factories, immigrants should learn English. Correct Answer: c

Which of the following was a response to both immigration in the 1850s and the immigration depicted in the graph?

a) Immigrants were provided social support in settlement houses. b) Immigrants were restricted from gaining the right to vote in elections. c) Nativists advocated against the continued arrival of immigrants. d) Reformers helped immigrants to maintain their traditional cultures. Correct Answer: c

Which of the following was a difference between the immigration from 1865 to 1895 depicted in the graph and immigration in the 1840s and 1850s?

a) Immigration was a main source of agricultural labor in the Southern states during the 1840s and 1850s, but it was not between 1865 and 1895. b) More immigrants in the 1840s and 1850s arrived with cultural practices similar to those of Americans than did the immigrants who arrived between 1865 and 1895. c) More immigrants in the 1840s and 1850s sought factory work than did the immigrants who arrived between 1865 and 1895. d) Immigration from China was greater than immigration from central Europe in the 1840s and 1850s as compared to the period between 1865 and 1895. Correct Answer: b

Which of the following best accounts for the curve on the graph above depicting immigration to the United States from Asia, Africa and the Americas between 1882 and 1900?

a) Improved worldwide economic conditions b) Immigration to less-settled areas of the world c) Restrictive congressional legislation d) Rapid expansion of the British Empire into the Southern Hemisphere e) Reduction of potential immigrant populations by widespread epidemics Correct Answer: c

Tuskegee Institute (Identify the historical significance)

a) It focused on training young black students in agriculture and the trades to help them achieve economic independence. Washington justified segregated vocational training as a necessary first step on the road to racial equality, although critics accused him of being too "accommodationist." b) Washington justified segregated vocational training as a necessary first step on the road to racial equality, although critics accused him of being too "accommodationist." c) A normal and industrial school led by Booker T. Washington in Tuskegee, Alabama. It focused on training young black students in agriculture and the trades to help them achieve economic independence. Washington justified segregated vocational training as a necessary first step on the road to racial equality, although critics accused him of being too "accommodationist." d) All choices are correct. Correct Answer: d

regionalism (Identify the historical significance)

a) Mid-nineteenth-century movement in European and American literature and the arts that sought to depict contemporary life and society as it actually was, in all its unvarnished detail. Adherents eschewed the idealism and nostalgia of the earlier romantic sensibility. b) An offshoot of mainstream realism, this late-nineteenth-century literary movement purported to apply detached scientific objectivity to the study of human characters shaped by degenerate heredity and extreme or sordid social environments. c) A recurring artistic movement that, in the context of the late nineteenth century, aspired to capture the peculiarities, or "local color," of America's various regions in the face of modernization and national standardization. d) None of the choices are correct. Correct Answer: c

realism (Identify the historical significance)

a) None of the choices are correct. b) Mid-nineteenth-century movement in European and American literature and the arts that sought to depict contemporary life and society as it actually was, in all its unvarnished detail. Adherents eschewed the idealism and nostalgia of the earlier romantic sensibility. c) A recurring artistic movement that, in the context of the late nineteenth century, aspired to capture the peculiarities, or "local color," of America's various regions in the face of modernization and national standardization. d) An offshoot of mainstream realism, this late-nineteenth-century literary movement purported to apply detached scientific objectivity to the study of human characters shaped by degenerate heredity and extreme or sordid social environments. Correct Answer: b

"Another marked characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon is what may be called an instinct or genius for colonizing. His unequaled energy, his indomitable perseverance, and his personal independence, made him a pioneer. He excels all others in pushing his way into new countries." Americans advocating the ideas expressed in the passage above would be most accurately described as

a) Populists b) Mugwumps c) Social Darwinists d) Populists e) transcendentalists Correct Answer: c

Which of the following aimed to promote order, harmony, and virtue while beautifying the nation's new urban spaces?

a) Regionalism b) The City Beautiful movement c) Realism d) The World's Columbian exposition e) Naturalism Correct Answer: b

After 1875, most natural scientists did which of the following?

a) Rejected the challenge evolutionary theory posed to Biblical notions of divine creation and applied the ideas of natural selection to human society. b) Explicitly accepted the "dogma of special creations". c) Considered Charles Darwin's evolutionary biology a controversial theory that was not supported by strong evidence. d) Came around to espouse organic evolution after having initially opposed it. e) Downplayed organic evolution in favor of natural selection. Correct Answer: d

What conclusion may be reasonably drawn from the image?

a) Schooling was the highest priority for these families. b) Each apartment has its own bathroom. c) Assimilation was not yet complete for these families. Correct Answer: c

Which of the following would have been most likely to support the sentiments expressed by Addams in the excerpt?

a) Settlement house workers b) Know-Nothings c) Machine politicians d) Southern Democrats Correct Answer: a

The majority of immigrants who arrived in the United States between 1821 and 1880 settled in the

a) South and Midwest b) South and Northeast c) West and Midwest d) Midwest and Northeast Correct Answer: d

"As the early years at Hull House show, female participation in that area of reform grew out of a set of needs and values peculiar to middle-class women in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Settlement workers did not set out to become reformers. They were rather women trying to fulfill existing social expectations for self-sacrificing female service while at the same time satisfying their need for public recognition, authority, and independence. In the process of attempting to weave together a life of service and professional accomplishment, they became reformers as the wider world defined them." — Robyn Muncy, historian, Creating a Female Dominion in American Reform, 1890-1935, published in 1991 Settlement house work as described by Muncy had the most in common with women's activism during which of the following earlier periods?

a) The Protestant evangelism of the mid-1700s b) The two decades following the American Revolution c) The Second Great Awakening in the first half of the 1800s d) The decade leading up to the American Revolution Correct Answer: c

During the late nineteenth century, politicians such as the one depicted in the image most likely would have opposed which of the following?

a) The expansion of the transcontinental railroad system b) Social services provided to immigrants by local politicians c) Granting American Indians full citizenship and voting rights d) Calls for reforms to local and state governments Correct Answer: d

Which of the following statements about woman suffrage is true?

a) The six states of New England were the first to have complete women suffrage. b) California and Oregon were the first states to have complete women suffrage. c) No state granted woman suffrage before 1900. d) Women suffrage was introduced in the South during Radical Reconstruction. e) The only states with complete woman suffrage before 1900 were west of the Mississippi. Correct Answer: e

City bosses and urban political machines in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries did which of the following?

a) They discouraged railroad and highway construction to prevent people from moving out of urban areas. b) They encouraged racial integration of residential neighborhoods. c) They provided some welfare for poor immigrants in exchange for political support. d) They enabled the urban middle class to participate more effectively in politics. e) They promoted prohibition and the abolition of prostitution. Correct Answer: c

Which of the following was true of the settlement house workers of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

a) They established settlement houses in middle-class environments. b) They devised programs that departed radically from those of English settlement houses. c) They endeavored to suppress immigrant cultures. d) They avoid political involvement. e) They included large numbers of middle-class, college-educated women. Correct Answer: e

"Competition is a law of nature . . . and can no more be done away with than gravitation. . . . [I]f we do not like survival of the fittest, we have only one possible alternative, survival of the unfittest. The former is the law of civilization, the latter is the law of anti-civilization." The quote above is an example of which of the following schools of thought?

a) Transcendentalism b) Existentialism c) Utopian socialism d) Dialectical materialism e) Social Darwinism Correct Answer: e

Booker T. Washington (Identify the historical significance)

a) Washington believed that southern whites were ready for social equality. b) As head of the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama, Washington advocated for vocational education for African Americans so that they could gain economic security. c) Washington concentrated on gaining political power for blacks without directly challenging the southern racial order. d) All the choices are correct. Correct Answer: b

The cartoon above is a commentary on late-nineteenth-century

a) imperialism b) civil-rights campaigns c) municipal corruption d) business monopolies e) labor unrest Correct Answer: c

Settlement house workers of the late nineteenth century would most likely have engaged in all of the following EXCEPT

a) publishing reports on deplorable housing conditions b) teaching classes on cooking and dressmaking c) offering literacy and language classes for immigrants d) organizing women workers into labor unions e) establishing day nurseries for working mothers Correct Answer: d

The image was created most directly in response to

a) the exclusion of women from voting b) poll taxes and literacy tests that blocked African Americans from voting c) social reform efforts by settlement-house workers d) he power gained by urban political machines Correct Answer: d