APWH Chapter 8
What was the time period of Xunzi?
298-238 BCE
What was Mencius timeline?
372-289
What century did Laozi live in?
6th Century
What did Daoism represent?
A effort to understand the fundamental charcter of the world and nature.
What type of view did Xunzi have on humanity? ( Positive or Negative)
A negative view on humanity.
Daodejing envisioned what?
A world of tiny, self sufficient communities where people had no desire to conquer their neighbors or to trade with them.
Why did Xunzi not have a good view point of human nature?
Because his past experience as a government administrator has made him develop a a view of human nature that was less rosy than Mencius's view.
Like confucianism, daoist thoughts developed from what?
From a responce to the turbulence of the late Zhou Dynasty and the period of the warring states.
What did Xunzi do unlike his predecessors?
He served for many years as a government administrator.
What did Mencius do during the period of the warring states?
He traveled widly throughout china and he consulted with rulers and offering advice on political issues.
What was Mencius?
He was a principal spokesman for the Confucian school.
Over time what did Mencius's ideas influence?
His ideas deeply influenced Confucian tradition.
According to Chinese tradition, the founder or Daoism was a sage named...
Laozi
Who were the two disciples of Confucius?
Mencius & Xunzi
What type of quality did Mencius emphasize?
Mencius emphasized the quality or ren.
What did Mencius argue for?
Mencius firmly believed that human nature was basically good, and he argued for policies that would allow it to influence society as a whole. Thus he placed special emphasis on the Confucian virtue of ren and advocated government by benevolence and humanity.
Like Confucius and Mencius what did Xunzi belive?
That it was possible to improve human beings and restore order to society.
What was the Daoist thought?
The Daoist thought was that instead of trying to fix the problem, try to understand the problem and live with the problem in a way that everyone could live in harmony with.
What was the most important of the Daoist works?
The Zhuangzi, named after its author, the philosopher Zhuangzi. (369-286 BCE)
Daoism
The daoists were the most prominent critics of Confucian activism.
What put the period of the warring states to an end?
The legalist methods.
Wuwei had implications about state and policy, what was that thought?
The less government, the better.
What have many Chinese scholars considered Mencius to be?
The most authoritative of Confucius's early expositors.
What did early Daoists recognize as the chief moral virtue?
Wuwei
What did Xunzi think about humans?
Xunzi believed that human beings selfishly pursued their own interests, no matter what effects their actions had on others, and resisted making any contribution voluntarily to the larger society. He considered strong social discipline the best means to bring order to society
What type of quality did Xunzi emphasize?
Xunzi emphasized the li quality.
Wuwei
a trait that says that individuals refrain from advanced education, rather for individuals to live simply, unpretentiously, and in harmony with nature.
Dao
meaning "the way"
