ARCH 626: Exam 3
Cable Trays
A Cable Tray holds multiple wires and computer cables
Vapor Permeability
A material that fully blocks water vapor is said to be impermeable. Materials that permit the passage of vapor are said to be permeable. Measured in "PERMS". Most building codes determine a material to be impermeable at 1 perm or less.
Fortified grout
A polymer reinforced grout to fill in between the tile Sanded Grout has sand added to the mix. It is typically used for joints greater than 1/8" Unsanded Grout is used for less than 1/8" joints - such as mosaic tiles Grouts can be epoxy or cement based
Mixing terrazzo
A two part epoxy is mixed and then aggregate added
Insulation: Advantage and Disadvantages
Advantages: Easy Installation, can be done by almost anyone, inexpensive, easily available Disadvantages: low recycled content, can be harmful to installers, formaldahyde binders, hard to avoid gaps if not placed perfectly.
Green Extensive
Are shallow soil systems with a growing media being 6 inches or less and are relatively maintenance free and can be built on slopes up to and 8/12 pitch (roughly 33°).
Metal Sheathing: structural vs. nah
structural - Secured to the framing members of the roof or purlins. Can be used to a pitch as low as 1/2:12 non-structural - Secured to the roof sheathing and vented beneath the sheathing. Usually not used below 3:12
Tongue & Groove
Before installed - Let the wood sit in the building for a few days to adapt to the humidity 15lb black felt over the ¾" plywood subfloor Always leave an at least a 3/8" space at the ends to allow for the expansion of the wood.
Spray Foam Insulation
Blown in and then trimmed, very high R-level, works well in places that are usually hard to insulate, seal permanently against leaks, does not require venting, Expensive, likely done by a subcontractor, so tight it may impact air exchange inside.
Double Hung
Both sashes move
Rigid Board Insulation
Can be fastened to the structure for wall, roof or foundation High R-value Easy to install Can be purchased tapered to drainage Moderate to high cost Can be in contact with earth Good for use of low slope roofs between the structure and the membrane some are combustible Some will give off toxic gasses when burning Can be vapor permeable or impermeable
Root Barriers
Cannot be asphalt or bituminous built up roof or the roots will penetrate the roof frame Common Materials Used: 1.EPDM or TPO Membranes (also the moisture barrier) 2.Polyethylene Sheets (on top of the roofing) 3.Fiberglass Sheets (on top of the roofing)
Topsoil added? Organic?
Cannot simply be topsoil shoveled onto the roof Simple dirt (or topsoil) is too heavy when wet and you do not know what is lurking inside. Could be pathogens or noxious weeds. It also will dry out very fast between rains For many basic extensive systems designers will allow for up to 1/3rd of the mix to be clean topsoil. Components of Engineered Soil Organic Material: Clean topsoil, manure, compost Inorganic Material: Expanded slate, shale or clay, crushed recycled brick or concrete, lava, perlite. These are lighter than top soil and they hold moisture longer.
Irrigation Closed/Open Systems
Closed Systems: The water is captured and recycled thru the system after feeding the plants. Saves water but the water must be treated to avoid the circulation of pathogens and fresh water must be integrated to control a mineral build up in the system. Open Systems: Requires a reliable water supply to be brought into the system - but this can be offset with rain water harvesting.
Green & FIRE
Code will often require a 36" wide paved or gravel walkway at the perimeter of the roof to create a fire break if fire begins to spread across the roof. This also may be required at roof protrusions and equipment. There also may be limitations on what sort of plants can be used. You may be required to specify plants that retain a high moisture content year round and do not become exceptionally flammable
Shop Drawings
Drawings done by the supplier/fabricator to confirm the order before it is made
Cellulouse
Dry Blown: recycled newspaper - has to be fire and pest retardant Fiber Insulation: through netting stapled to the studs, requires special tools and techniques, densely packed to avoid settling over time Wet Sprayed: Wall must be able to breath in or out or both to allow long term drying A very compact insulation that will likely live up to R-value claims and not have gaps and will not settle
Photometric Plan
Due to the residential neighbors we were required to light the walking surfaces enough for safety while not lighting the ambient space around the site
ERV/HRV
Energy Recovery Unit/Heat Recovery Unit Energy recovery through air exchange - up to 90% HRV only exchanges energy (heat) ERV exchanges energy and moisture (humidity)
Fiberglass Windows
Energy Star Rated Foam Filled Fiberglass Window, In this case old failing windows are replaced with custom sized replacement windows
Garage Doors: Extension Spring Torsion Spring Roller and Channel Track
Extension spring - in tension (one width of door) - light doors Torsion spring - wound tightly across center. For heavier doors Roller and channel tracks: Guide the door from the closed position to the overhead open position
Membrane Roof Preparation
FOR A GLUE ON MEMBRANE 1. Membrane 2. Membrane Plate Washers 3. Adhesive (applied or self sticking) 4. Underlayment 5. Sheathing
Skylight
Fixed
Green Facade vs Living Wall
Green Façade = vines Living wall = live plants
Placing grout
Grout is placed with a rubber trowel 24-36 hours after setting tile
Roof Venting
Heat and Moisture from inside and out must be managed, avoid ice dams
Epoxy Floor
High gloss durable floors Two Part mix that is self leveling after being spread in place
Hopper
Hinge at bottom
Awning
Hinge at top
Terrazzo
The aggregate and base color can both be manipulated for nearly endless options. The aggregate and base color can both be manipulated for nearly endless options
Plenums
The architectural component acts as a duct to transfer air A common use of a plenum is to use the space between the ceiling and structure or the raised floor and subfloor to move air. If this is to be achieved it will impact the choices made in the structure as well as the ceiling finishes
Heat Welded Joints
The finish roof is a continuous membrane
Notched trowel
The notch depth is determined by the bottom face of the tile
Vegetated Mat System
The nutrients are delivered thru the irrigation system - Hydroponic Plants - No Soil
Skim Coat Plaster
The paper and the gypsum in blueboard drywall are formulated to withstand the moisture of the plaster and create a strong bond between the paper and the plaster A steel trowel and hawk are used to spread the plaster over the blueboard A mixing paddle on the end of a ½' drill is used to mix the plaster powder with water - to a heavy whipped consistency The plaster is worked to low gloss smooth finish before it sets The effort has to be well coordinated to avoid the equivalent of cold pour joints mid wall
Modular Panel System
The plants are started in a greenhouse while the building is being built
Roof Slope
The roof slope or pitch - the vertical rise per foot of horizontal run
Structural Support of Green Walls
The wall must be able to support the saturated weight of the green wall. The weights will vary greatly depending on the green wall media, the structural system, the irrigation system, the plants etc. This green wall covers 2380 sf ft. of wall space (602 modules) and weighs approximately 48,000 lbs. when saturated (20.2 lbs. per sf) This wall uses an internal closed irrigation system and is typically watered for 15 minutes a week. -> don't need to remember numbers
Aluminum Windows in a Storefront System
The windows frames engage the store front frame profile to lock in place
Green Intensive
These are rooftops systems that are park like with shrubs and trees and require maintenance and water management. The growing media can be 6 inches to 15 feet deep and will generally be on nearly flat surfaces of 2:12 pitch or less.
Standing Seam Roofing
Two pans with the cleats in-between are seamed together
Drywall
Typically used sheets are 4' wide by 8'-20' long and ½" and 5/8" thick ¼" flex - sheets can be used to bend around curved walls The nails or screws must be set below the finish surface of the paper without fully tearing thru the paper The nails must hit the framing member solidly or they will work there way free over time and show - leading to drywall repairs Self tapping screws will be used with light gauge steel framing Nails: Walls 12" Ceilings 8"
Roof Panel Profiles
Usually not used below 2:12 but again can be with the correct profile, fastening and underlayment such as ice and water shield
Vapor Diffusion & Air Transport
Vapor Diffusion: Movement of moisture in a vapor state thru a material due to vapor pressure variation (warm side of an assembly to the cold side) Air transport: Transportation of vapor occurs when air movement (wind pressure) delivers vapor into or thru a building assembly
Fluid Applied Roofing
Water-based elastomeric acrylic membranes reinforced with a non-woven polyester fabric (this means it is chemically bonded - not woven like traditional fabric).
Roof (VanGo)
We insulated below the roofing so we could paint the existing structure
VanGo Fasteners for Glass
We looked at Elevator Bolts but chose a Low Profile Head Socket Cap Screw and used Neoprene Washer Neoprene so clothes don't get caught on them
Chase
are framed spaces for duct work (as well as plumbing and electric needs) to be run without interfering with the buildings structure. The simply enclosed the M.E.P. (Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing) needs
Yankee Gutters
built-in
Setting Windows
1. First the house wrap is applied and openings cut at the windows 2. Sill moisture barrier tape wraps up the sides of the opening and over the building wrap 3. The window is placed into the opening, leveled and nailed in place thru nail flaps that extend from the outer edge of the windows 4. The side of the window are sealed with the moisture barrier tape over the nail flaps of the window. 5. The head of the window is sealed with moisture barrier tape that goes over the top nail flap and under the building wrap.
How to avoid ice on roof
1. Heat tape for de-icing and/or downspouts 2. Ice guard/stop
Where is the vapor retarter
In Cold Dry Climates: The envelope dries to the outside In Hot Humid Climates: The envelope dries to the inside In Mixed Temperate Climates Like Lawrence, Kansas The envelope dries in both directions Allow the building to breath while retaining R-Value and air and water tightness Or you choose which strategy works best for your project and go with it. In Lawrence we spend more on air conditioning that heating so we often will have the vapor barrier to the outside and dry inward
Monoculture vs Polyculture
In other words - how many different species of plants are being employed in the wall Mono - one plant (very unlikely to be used because one pathogen and you have a dead wall) Poly - multiple plants
Thin Set Mortar
In this case the mortar is polymer modified to create a more elastic mortar
Cladding
Interior or Exterior, Wood framed window clad with a low-maintenance material
How water is removed from a roof and how they are protected
Internal: drain through building External: galvanize, galvalume, powder coated, copper, aluminum K-style or half round gutters K style: put screen over
Thermal-plastic roofing
Is replacing EPDM on most projects Two Common Thermal-Plastic Roofing TPO (Thermoplastic Polyolefin) And PVC Roofing The large white roofs help to avoid heat islands that impact the micro-climate
Linoleum
Linseed oil (flax seed oil) wood flour (pulverized wood) rosin (pine resin) limestone and jute (veggie fiber) This is not the cheap alternative that we see in nearly every building done between the 60's and 90's that was made with vinyl sheets (and the V.O.C.'s that go with the vinyl)
Low Voltage Lights
Low voltage lights use a transformer to transform the 120 volts electric current to 12 volts to power the low voltage lights
Insulated Duct Work
Most sustainable guidelines - as well as common sense in most locations - requires that the duct work be insulated to avoid heat loss thru the duct work into the cavities of the building
Placing the terrazzo
Much like concrete it is placed between, and flush with the top of the strips Rough aggregates after curing Ground to get rid of Epoxy grout is trowled Sealed and waxed
Glass Wall (VanGo)
Off the shelf patio door replacement glass - Tempered 3/16" x 28" x 76" (35$ at the time) Also available in 34" and 46" widths
Single Hung
One sash moves
Casement
Open like a door
Roof Window
Operable
Electrical
Panel boards, transformers, and circuits Power from the city/co-op/etc. is too high to go directly to the building. Use a transformer to change powers. Transition from transformer to the panel board(s). Panel boards contain circuits for all the electrical needs in the building.
Irrigation: Active/passive
Passive: Dams worked into the system to store water in gravel beneath the growing medium. This system mimics the natural conditions of the top of the water table or a rock shelf beneath shallow soil that holds water that the plants absorb later. Internal roof drains control how much water the roof will store. Also have to assure that the plants are not drowned in soggy conditions by incorporating drains at the appropriate elevation Active - drip irrigation
Sedums
Plants that are hardy and need little water to survive
Securing Sheet Metal
Pop Rivets and a Pop Rivet Gun
Advantages & Disadvantages of Green Walls/Roofs
Potential Advantages: Green Roofs: 1. Keep the roof structure cool 2. Help insulate the roof 3. Protect the roofing membrane 4. Mediate storm runoff 5. Absorb CO2 and emits oxygen 6. Make the roof into usable space Green Walls: 1. Act as bio filters cleaning the air 2. Breaks down V.O.C.'s (Volatile Organic Compounds) 3. Absorbs CO2 and emits oxygen 4. Keeps the envelope of the building cooler 5. Absorbs sound Potential Disadvantages Maintenance, expense, exposure to risk, potential water damage, extra structural demands.
R-Value and U-Value
R = measure thermal resistance U = describes how the building conducts heat U = 1/R
Containerized System
Regionally appropriate plants in trays covering the membrane roof Plants in Containers covering the roof
Protecting Stone Tile
Sealers - Concrete and Masonry Penetrating Sealer brushed on a couple of days after the grout is placed
Sliding
Slide like patio door
Fixed
Stationary
Pocket Door
framing the opening for the pocket door
