ARH 132 midterm

Title: Sacrifice of Isaac Artist: Lorenzo Ghiberni Date: 15th century Style: International Style/ Early Renaissance

This relief sculpture uses Foreshortening (angels are portrayed coming together). Jacob is elongated and has a lot of drapery. He is in a gothic sway stance. Quatrefoil is a medieval motif. He portrayed the angel going forward instead of profile. This is the first time we see a nude figure is of the classical style in contrapposto stance. It is made of bronze in relief with a wax mold after it was gilded in gold. This was made for competition of the baptistry doors.

Title: The Annunciation Artist: Simone Martini Date: 14th century Style: Proto International Style

This was done by two artists, the other was an architect. Used tempera. International gothic style, a lot of drapery over the figures. Very bright colors and has a very royal look. Figures look flat and elongated in a very shallow space. Has a very elegant French look with byzantine influence. Gabriel has an olive branch which symbolizes peace. 4 lilies symbolize the 4 evangelists. Mary- regal looking, sienese looking face, long elegant fingers, flat and silhouetted, elongated Shallow space. Guy on the left ( St. Ansanus) was martyred (palm frond)

Tempera

A medium used in panel painting in which finely ground pigments were mixed with diluted egg yolks

Title: Resurrection Artist: Piero della Francesca Date: 15th Century Style: Early Renaissance

Aerial perspective One point perspective 3 dimensional heads form a triangle flowering trees vs dead trees- resurrection white box is the tomb of Christ white banner- symbolizes victory over death

Title: David Artist: Michelangelo Date: 16th Century Style: High Renaissance

Commissioned by the city government of Florence. The proportions of the David are atypical of Michelangelo's work; the figure has an unusually large head and hands (particularly apparent in the right hand). Contrapposto

Title: The Ghent Altar Piece Artist: Hubert/ Jan Van Eyck Date: 15th century Style: Late Gothic/ Early Renaissance

Hubert- sculptor, van Eyck- artist 3 dimensional gothic tracery Mary is shown without halo because it is northern, hands crossed for humility (right) City of ghent in background (right) Rising & aerial perspective. Bottom far left and far right figures are donors of the paintings. The city of Ghent in the background uses atmospheric perspective. Features Adam and Eve (holding apple) with very ashamed faces while also trying to cover their nudity.

Title: David Artist: Donatello Date: 15th century Style: Early renaissance

First life size free standing nude since classical times. Young david wearing shepards hat- Florence. Head of goliath is shown at david's feet. Wearing a helmet typical of Milanese soldiers. Has the stone in his hand and goliath's sword. It was made for the Mddicci family. Symbolic of good over evil (Florence over milan)

Title: Giovanni Arnolfini & his Bride Artist: Jan Van Eyck Date: 15th century Style: Late Gothic/ Early Renaissance

Giovanni Arnolfini and his bride ( Jan van Eyck, 1434)- It is Late gothic early renaissance. We know its Christian household because of the cross on the wall. The single candle on the chandelier might symbolize Jesus as the light of the world. His signature means that the was the witness of the wedding and the painting serves an official document. The green dress means new life. The dog means companionship and fidelity. Rosary means a religious family. Whisk broom in the background closer to the wife shows shes the keeper of the house Fruit on the left refers to go forth and bear children or the fall of man Man is closer to the window- he is going out into the world and work

Title: Madonna Enthroned Artist: Giotto Date: 14th Century Style: Proto Renaissance

Gold and tempera panel. Figures show three dimensionality. geometric folds on the knees

Title: Les Tres Riches Heures duc de berry Artist: The Limbourg Brothers Date: 15th century Style: International Style

Intense, solid, and bright colors and has a lot of detail like any international gothic style work. Zodiac signs at the top of the painting. Swans and bears symbolize the duke. Depicts the seasons, January a feast for New years perhaps and the earliest depiction of a snow scene in the history of art which shows peasantry. Contains atmospheric perspective by showing objects are farther by change in color in the sky. Figures are elongated & hip is sticking out (gothic sway). Blue circles on red column are symbolic of flowers of France.

Title: The Well of Moses Artist: Claus Sluter Date: 15th century Style: International Style

It was poly chromed which means it was painted over the statue. It is six sided with six different protestants including moses, has horns on his head due to misunderstandings and translations of rays from the bible. Realism involved.

Title: Adoration of the Magi Artist: Gentile Da Fabriano Date: 15th century Style: International Style

Made with Tempera. International blended with French and Italians. Gothic with nature. He took the courtly and French gothic look and added nature to it which is Italian. One of the Magi is kissing the foot of baby Jesus. Nativity scene at bottom, Jesus is naked and has rays. Predella on bottom and main scene above Brocaded gown In the back there is the scene of the three wise men coming to Bethlehem Bottom left of predella- nativity Middle of predella- flight into Egypt King herod Right of predella- brunelleschi's dome

Title: Last Supper Artist: Leonardo Da Vinci Date: 15th Century Style: High Renaissance

Mixed the tempera and oil. Figures are asking who the the betrayer. Judas is holding money bag in his hand. It is a fresco. Four groupings in pyramid shape. Everyone is surrounded by Christ.

Title: Tribute Money Artist: Masaccio Date: 15th century Style: Early Renaissance

One point linear perspective in the characters Aerial perspective in the background chiaroscuro everyone is looking towards Christ

Title:Panel from the St. Francis Altarpiece Artist:Berlinghieri Date:13th Century Style: Italo-Byzantine

Panel painting: done on wood w/ tempura paint. The earliest artistic representation St. Francis of Assisi. His teachings inspired artist to make paintings more representative human life and nature. The gold background which means worldly realm or divine background. No contrapposto, elongated and balanced stance. St Francis is the patron saint of Italy and he has stigmata. Nature plays a role in the painting with the birds in the background. Poverty, Chasity and obedience are represented by the 3 knots on the rope around his waist. Big eyes, elongated nose, small mouth Right side of the painting all has to do with his healing powers/miracles that he performed.

Title: St. George Artist: Donatello Date: 15th Century Style: Early Renaissance

This is a marble and and relief statue. St. George was the patron saint of the armorer's guild and was known as a military figure, one who was well-known in the Byzantine East, but who was also known by the Crusaders who battled Muslim forces in the Holy Land. Donatello carved his statue of St. George for the guild of armorers and swordmakers in Florence. confident posture.

Title: Principal Panel of the Maesta Altarpiece Artist: Duccio Date: 14th century Style: Italo-Byzantine/ Proto Ren (Sienese)

Tempera and gold on wood. Has 7 gothic(Sienese school) pinnacles. Duccio is known for drapery. Figures are flat. Virgin Mary is the patron saint of Sienna.

Title: Birth of Venus Artist: Sandro Botticelli Date: 15th century Style: Early Renaissance

Tempera on canvas Theme of painting has to do with love and marriage It's an allegory: has an underlying story. Venus (virgin mary). Waters: waters of baptism. Nude: no sins. Flora on the right, trying to cloth her. Waves are drawn stylized in the background. Not into aerial perspective. Very poetic and lyrical

Title: The Escorial Deposition Artist: Rogier v. der Weyden Date: 15th century Style: Late Gothic/ Early Renaissance

This is a symmetrical composition.The painting depicts Christ, as the center, being taken down form the cross. Detail of Jesus' hand with the stigma while Mary's seemed pale and drained of blood. The skull at the bottom symbolizes death. Mary Magdalen has hands clasped which means mourning. The figures are very compact and tight. The space is not deep at all and is a gold background so we can focus more on figures. Ointment jar- Mary Magdalene

Title: Mona Lisa Artist: Leonardo Da Vinci Date: 16th Century Style: High Renaissance

This is an oil painting on wood. The figure is half length. Mona is short for Madonna. she is wearing a veil. Very earthly colors resemble and earth mother look. No sharp lines leading us to one-point perspective. It is referred to as the glass walls because it does go back through light paths instead of straight lines.

Leonardo da Vinci

The earliest high renaissance master

Title: Philosophy (School of Athens) Artist: Raphael Date: 16th Century Style: High Renaissance

The great thinkers and philosophers as figures. Rapahel and Scientists are on the right and left was poets and musicians. It is a fresco that brings together everyone. Plato on the left and Aristotle is on the right.

Title: Dead Christ Artist: Andrea Mantegna Date: 15th Century Style: Early Renaissance

This is early renaissance style and it is the first tempera on a fresco. Made for the purpose of his own funeral. Halo around Christ's head is transparent. Ointment jar symbol for Mary Magdalen due to the story of her washing Christ's face with her tears. Mary is mourning. His hands and feet are painted with detail and including stigmata John's hands on the left are clasped- mourning Stigmata on the hands and feet Wet drapery- looks like it flows over the body Shows the artist's mastery of perspective

Landscape

a picture representing inland natural scenery

Wood Cut

a print made by carving out a design on a wood block cut along the grain, applying the ink to the raised surfaces which remain, and printing from those

Title: Gattamelata Artist: Donatello Date: 15th Century Style: Early Renaissance

This bronze statue is based on Marcus Aerelious and wears classical clothing with a modern sword. First equestrian sculpture since the classical time. The emotion on his face is serious. Donatello portrays Gattamelata as a composed, alert and watchful leader. The depiction of force of character and the reference to the power of real people flows with the Renaissance themes of individualism and humanism. The horse echoes the alert, self-contained and courageous air of the rider. The realistic depiction of its muscular form reveals the Renaissance concern with anatomical study that was later developed in Leonardo da Vinci's studies for the Sforza equestrian monument.

Title: West Façade of Pazzi Chapel Artist: Brunelleschi Date: 15th Century Style: Early Renaissance

This facade is a symmetrical and has classical elements.

Title: Lamentation Artist: Giotto Date: 14th century Style: Proto Renaissance

This fresco was commissioned by the wealthy Scrovegni family for their private chapel (Arena Chapel) in Padua. He creates a world that is voluminous, 3-dimensional, and symbolic. The figures in the foreground are clearly human. His understanding and appreciation of human form is expressed through free flowing clothing that reveal volumesque bodies. There is a clear distinction between the human forms and the angelic and saintly counterparts. He is revealing his skill as an artist, an artist that wants to be remembered for his work. The angelic hosts are individuals, each conveying their sense of grief in the tragedy that they see but are not physically a part of. Heaven and earth are joined in the mourning of the Savior but separated spiritually. A wall defines heavenly from earthly. The body of Christ is elevated, protected from the earth. The tree of knowledge stands firmly as a symbol of original sin. The disciples look on calmly, with a peace that goes beyond any human understanding. Draws eyes to Jesus in the center

Engraving

a print made by cutting a design into a metal plate with a pointed steel tool known as a burin: ink is then rubbed into the V shaped grooves, wiped off the surface of the plate, covered with a damp sheet of paper, and run through a heavy press

Title: Madonna Enthroned w/ Angels and Prophets Artist: Cimabue Date: 13th century Style: Italo-Byzantine/Proto Ren (Florentine)

Uses Gold leaf (characteristic of byzantine art). Features Madonna (head is tilted so she can hear prayers) and a Homunculus baby (little old man). Figures and thrones have three dimensionality. Figures are overlapping and give depth (rising perspective). Cimabue utilized hierarchical scale with the characters in this piece ( the concept that bigger is better and most important).

Chiaroscuro

a method of modeling form primarily by the use of light and dark; in the shadows, these shapes remain incomplete, their contours merely implied Ex. Mona Lisa

Still life

a painting representing inanimate objects such as flowers and household articles

Atmospheric Perspective

a technique for representing spatial relationships on a flat surface accomplished by a gradual decrease in the intensity of local color and in the contrast of light and dark, so that everything in the far distance tends toward a bluish gray tone

Linear perspective

a technique used for representing spatial relationships which records the diminution (decrease) in apparent size of objects as their distance from the observer increases

Tempietto

earliest of the great achievements that made Rome the center of Italian art

Oil

a viscous, slow-drying medium which produces a variety of effects, from thin, translucent films (called glazes) to thickest impasto (a thick layer of creamy, heavy-bodied paint)

Genre

a work of art, usually a painting, showing a scene from everyday life that is represented for its own sake

Drypoint

an engraving in which a fine steel needle is used instead of a burin; this technique preserves the artist's personal "handwriting" and is characterized by a softer line unattainable with the burin

Michelangelo

architect of the dome of St. Peter's

Title: David with Head of Goliath Artist: Andrea del Verrocchio Date: 15th Century Style: Early Renaissance

bags under the eyes, draws your eyes out because of the sword, and position of face like Donatello's, but clothed

Donato Bramante

creator of high renaissance architecture

Sfumato

fine haze used to describe very delicate gradations of light and shade in the modeling of figures Ex. Mona Lisa

Disguised Symbolism

method of transferring supernatural events to everyday environments in which almost any detail within the picture, however casual, may carry a symbolic message

Tracery

ornamental stone work first seen in Gothic windows

Raphael

the central painter of the high renaissance

David (Michaelangelo)

the earliest monumental statue of the high renaissance

Campidoglio (one of the 7 hills of rome)

the most ambitious commission of Michelangelo's architectural career

The Last Supper

the painting always recognized as the first classic statement of the ideals of High Renaissance painting

The school of Athens

the painting recognized as Raphael's masterpiece

Title: Holy Trinity Artist: Masaccio Date: 15th century Style: Early Renaissance

this is a true fresco and used perfect one point perspective (draws eyes to the feet of Jesus) can be mathematically calculated which was a first. Barreled ceiling gives depth Classical elements- arches, columns Dove above jesus- holy spirit Two figures on right and left are donors Mary on the left in grey- behold my son John- hands in mourning Skeleton on bottom- symbolic of death various triangles with the heads of the figures