ART 10- Native American & First Nations Art (The Southwest)

Maria Martinez, Black- on- black ceramics, San Ildefonso Pueblo, c. 1939

Typical black matte design over polished black surface Geometric forms taken from pottery sherds at archeological sites Popular during the Art Deco style of the 1930s

Koshare

ritual clowns who display improper behavior

Zuni Artist, Shalako Figure, katsina, c. 1900

8 feet tall

Anasazi( Ancestral Puebloan)

Anasazi- "ancestors of our enemies" name given by the Navajo to the early Puebloans Ancestral Puebloans lived in the four-corners area and are best known for their stone and earth dwellings built along cliff walls

Roxanne Swentzell, Emergence of the Clowns, 1988

Emerging from the earth Teach through humor & bad examples the proper way of being in the world Four= cardinal directions Almost always stripped in black and white

Navajo

Famous for two art media: Sand painting Weaving, especially rugs

Cliff Palace, Mesa Verde, Colorado, c. 1250 C.E.

Largest cliff dwelling in the U.S Population of 100 23 small kivas • Kivas are semi-circular architectural mounds/holes • Kiva- semi-subterranean circular pit room with an entrance hole in the roof • Ceremonial enclosure Has a form of natural air conditioning/ and warm in the cold

Nampeyo, Polychrome Jar, Hopi- Tewa Pueblo, c. 1930

Migration pattern • Bird wings represents the movement of Hopi people Famous artwork • Used for numerous Southwest advertisements

Fred Kabootie, Hopi, Ceremonial Dance, painting, 1921

Recorded ceremonies through paintings since photography was outlawed

Kiva/ Sipapu

Regular kivas Great kiva- Chaco Canyon Usually for male members of the tribe Kiva part Sipapu- small hole in front of fire pit, symbolizing the portal through which ancestors first emerged on this world

Sand-painting, c. 1940

Sand painting, c.1940s Created during healing ceremony Intended to restore hozho= harmony/ balance in the world Ephemeral art, it is destroyed after the ritual

Navajo, sarape, c. 1870

Sarape= wearing blanket Created with trade wool "eye dazzling" geometric shapes with11 different colors

Mimbres (Mogollan)

Stylized bighorn sheep Characteristic symmetry of figures Black-on-white with a bold, geometric design

Pueblo Pottery

Two women gained fame in the early 20th century for reviving pueblo pottery designs Nampeyo, Hopi- Tewa Village Maria Martinez, San Ildefonso Pueblo

Hozho

harmony/ balance in the world

Katsina

represent ancestors/ supernatural beings (spirits) Katsina doll is given by the katsinam to younger children (youth) • Used to call out bad actions, or demonstrate place in the tribe • Associate dolls with an affinity to a spirit

Sarape

wearing blanket