Art 100 Ch 15 Christianity and the Formation of Europe

Which of the following are common architectural features of Christian churches?

Naves, Apses, Clerestories

The statue Constantine the Great features a noticeable _____ and _____, which are thought to accurately depict his individual features

Nose, Chin

Which of the following differentiates Eastern European churches from Western European Churches?

A central plan, Vertical major axis in orientation, The influence of Byzantine aesthetics

The Romanesque Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy was one of the earliest churches modified to include aisles that line the transept and a(n) _____ to help visitors circulate freely.

Ambulatory

San Vitale's unusual architectural design is based on

An octagonal central plan shape

What type of church architecture was favored in the Christian east?

Central-plan

Crowned in 800, _____ was the first ruler to assume the title Emperor of Rome in over 300 years.

Charlemagne

One of the reasons that Christians were persecuted in the Roman Empire is that

Christians would not worship the gods and goddesses that were recognized by the state religion

What was Duccio primarily concerned with while working on Christ Entering Jerusalem, which is a detail of Maesta Altar?

Creating a believable space in an outdoor setting

A central plan church

Does not follow the western standard cross plan, Is most often a square with a central dome, Is primarily oriented on a vertical axis

In northern Europe, artists continued to work in the Gothic style until which century?

Early 16th century

Byzantine rulers considered themselves to be the legitimate continuation of the ancient Roman empire; they were known by what title?

Emperor of all the Romans

Which style of architecture was created when the French abbot Suger remodeled his church with the goal of having the church reach heavenward and the interior be filled with light?

Gothic

In the context of Byzantine art, a(n) _____ is an image that represents a sacred person.

Icon

The scene depicting Christ's followers mourning his death is known as the

Lamentation

What are the images of the emperor Justinian and the empress Theodora that appear in San Vitale meant to convey?

Reinforce the presence of the distant rulers

As evidenced in the nave ceiling of Reims Cathedral, architects of the Gothic period used _____ as reinforcements on the major points of intersections throughout the curve of the vault.

Ribs

_____, the first period of art and architecture of the high Middle ages, is based on the style of Ancient Rome

Romanesque

Christ as Pantokrator, which is Greek for "_____," became a basic element in Byzantine iconography

Ruler of All

Between what two periods were the middle ages?

The Western Roman Empire, The Renaissance

The glittering mosaics that decorate the Interior of San Vitale include images of the

The emperor Justinian

The magnificent rose window at Chartres Cathedral are made of tiny pieces of glass in gemlike colors that are meant to evoke which of the following?

The splendor of heaven

When a fire destroyed the Chartres Cathedral in 1194, the rebuilt cathedral featured a larger _____ and _____ compared to Sainte-Foy.

choir, ambulatory

As a way of indicating their importance, royalty, such as Constantine and Theodora, would commission works to be put in _____.

churches

The most valuable and treasured possessions of medieval times were the large woven _____, which often told a story and were hung on walls in grand homes and castles

tapestries

The Roman emperor Constantine issues an edict in the year 313 that:

proclaimed tolerance for all religions

By what year had rough approximations of modern European political boundaries been established?

600

Why is the Bayeux Tapestry more correctly called an embroidery?

Because colored yarns were sewn onto a woven background

Where were some of the best-preserved, earliest-surviving, Christian art found?

Burial chambers

The drawing of Old St. Peter's serves as a good example of how a _____ was employed, which contained windows to let in additional light.

Clerestory

The period from 576 to 1400 often referred to as the "middle ages" because it was a period of relative stagnation in between two periods of extraordinary innovation.

False

How does the mid-3rd century mosaic Christ as the Sun typify early Christian artists borrowing from preexisting iconography?

The artists subtly modified familiar images, infusing them with new Christian meanings, The rays radiating from Christ's head were based on images of the Greek sun god Helios, Leaf pattern surrounding the figure was borrowed from Roman Bacchus imagery

During the early Middle Ages, Christian scripture such as the Gospel Book of Durrow reflected the art that was prevalent in northwestern Europe through their

animal style and border