ART 1001 Speith - Exam 2
BYZANE ART - RAVENNA What? Church of Sant' Apollinare in Classe architecture with mosaic decoration Where? Ravenna When? ca. 533-549
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BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE what? Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus, church of Hagia Sophia where? Constantinople (Istanbul) when? 532-537 other: -built by Byzantine emperor Justinian I -canopy-like dome -rests on pendentives -pendentives make covering an expansive, open, interior space possible
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BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE What? St. Mark's Cathedral Where? Venice When? begun 1063 Other? -Models and innovations of Byzantine builders radiated back to the west, esp. Venice because of her close Oriental contacts -: Greek-Cross plan, cluster of four domes resting on pendentives just like Hagia Sophia -Interior: rich gold-ground (typically Byzantine) mosaics,
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BYZANTINE ART what? Diptych of Anatastasius I when? 517 made out of what? ivory carving Other: -Diptych is a term that describes an object consisting of two hinged panels -Anastasius I was a Byzantine Emperor
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BYZANTINE ART - Ravenna What? Church of San Vitale with mosaic decoration Where? Ravenna When? 526-547 Other? -Culmination of Byzantine splendor in Ravenna -Orientalizing motives mixed with naturalism -surrounding ambulatory, columned niches -intricate lace patterns for Byzatine capitals
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EARLY CHRISTIAN ART what? The Good Shepherd Sarcophagus Where? from the catacomb of Praetextatus When? late 4th century
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ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE What? Mosque at Cordoba Where? Cordoba (Spain) When? 8th to 10th century Other? -A mosque is a place of worship for followers of Islam -Cordoba is one of the largest in Moorish Spain -Unique system of double-tiered arches (one arched stacked on another) to support wooden rood -Characteristics of a mosque: minaret (tower for calling believers); mirhab (prayer niche)
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ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE What? Taj Mahal Where? Agra (India) When? 1632-1654 Other? -Most famous of all Muslim mausoleums. -supposed recall paradise as described in Qur'an
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MIDDLE AGES - CAROLINGIAN PERIOD What? Palatine Chapel of Charlemagne Where? Aachen, Germany When? 792-805 ....late 8th-early 9th Other: -Charlemagne established his court in Aachen, where he built the Palatine Chapel adjacent to his palace -Robust strength, simplicity of this round structure anticipates Romanesque style
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MIDDLE AGES - OTTONIAN PERIOD what? Otto Mathilden Cross Where? treasury of Essen Cathedral, Germany When? 10th century made out of what? gold and precious stones other? -liturgical instruments figure prominently on the list of medieval art
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MIDDLE AGES - Ottonian Period What? Cover of the Codex Aureus of St. Emmeram When? ca. 870 Made out of what? book binding with gold, pearls & precious stones Other: -Invasions of Vikings and Magyars; only German part relatively stable, ruled by a succession of kings called Otto (I, II, III), hence we use expression Ottonian period -A privileged art form remained illuminated book manuscripts, often with sumptuous bindings;
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MIDDLE AGES - ROMANESQUE ART What? Bayeux Tapestry When? 1070-1080 Made out of what? embroidered wool on linen Other? -Embroidered (needle-worked) fabric -Commemorates the Norman defeat of the Anglo-Saxons at Hastings in 1066; -depiction of a con-temporary event shortly after fact
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MIDDLE AGES-MIGRATION PERIOD what? Chi-Rho Monogram (XP) found where? Gospel Matthew, from the Book of Kells when? late 8th cent. what is it? manuscript illumination Other: -Adoption of an eastern-type of monasticism: community of monks, living in seclusion and dedicated to spiritual life -monasticism is one of the defining characteristics of Middle Ages as a whole -Irish monks created precious manuscript illuminations (book illustrations) of Christian texts, decorated with interlace patterns
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Middle Ages - Migration Period What? Eagle-Shaped Visigoths Fibula Where? Guadalajara, Spain When? 6th century Made out of what? cloisonné (gold and enamel) Other? -Many of the tribes invading central Europe from the east brought with them skills in metalcraft and the cloisonné technique (small metal strips, usually of gold, are soldered on a metal -background; metal-rimmed compartments thus attained are filled with precious stones or enamel paste [crushed glass, which is heated])
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Middle Ages - Migration Period What? Purse cover Where? the Sutton Hoo Ship Burial When? ca. 655 made out of what? cloisonné (gold and enamel) Other? -Sutton Hoo became associated with the ship burial of the East Anglian king Anna -Interlace patterns are typical for migration period -Four heraldic groups (eagles attacking ducks & man-beast figures, center), suggest eastern or Oriental influences
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PROTO-BYZANTINE ART What? Church of Sant' Apollinare Nuovo architecture with mosaic decoration Where? Ravenna When? ca. 504
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Romanesque architecture
Large simple cathedrals, few windows dark, Latin cross plan
Greek cross plan
More equilateral
Latin cross plan
One end of the cross much larger than the others
Gothic architecture
Pointed arches, stained glass windows