ART 111 Midterm Review Questions

In Egyptian art the Pharaoh was almost always depicted in this way.

As the largest of all figures

Most commercial color printing is achieved using four separate colors, represented by the matrix ________.

CMYK

This American painter used small abstract motifs to create a huge self-portrait.

Chuck Close

This use of scale can create an abnormal or supernatural effect, and was used by the Surrealists to do just that.

Distorted scale

An artist would probably use distorted scale if he or she wanted to create a lifelike scene that the viewer could relate to.

False

An artwork can have only one focal point.

False

Gertrude Stein was the patron of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa.

False

If Alexander Calder's Untitled mobile was powered by a small motor, rather than air currents, it would not be an example of actual motion.

False

Louise Nevelson's work White Vertical Water is a realistic depiction of fish in a river.

False

Photographers cannot be responsible for principles of scale or proportion in their photographs.

False

The Degenerate Art Show displayed the art in a flattering way to show love and support of Europe's modern master artists.

False

The Degenerate Art show did not attract many visitors as it toured Germany.

False

The elements of time and motion are not applicable to the art of photography.

False

Sculptors Ralph Helmick and Stuart Schechter experimented with open volume when they created this hanging sculpture, installed in the Evanston Public Library in Illinois.

Ghostwriter

Girl with a Pearl Earring was painted by this Dutch artist.

Johannes Vermeer

This Greek sculptor wrote a treatise on how to create a statue of a human being with perfect proportions.

Polykleitos

In his work The School of Athens, this Renaissance artist created figures using the ideal human proportions developed by the ancient Greeks.

Raphael

This principle of design arises from repetition of a pattern.

Rhythm

In her work Object, a fur-lined teacup and saucer, the Swiss artist Méret Oppenheim employed subversive texture to contradict conscious logical experience. She belonged to the ________ art movement, which drew on ideas and images from dreams and the unconscious mind.

Surrealist

This group of artists sometimes used distorted scale to create dreamlike images that subvert our conscious experiences.

Surrealists

What emotional and psychological responses are typical to someone is exposed to red or red light for extended periods?

They become aggressive. They want to eat.

This inventor co-created the film Fred Ott's Sneeze, which was one of the first American movies.

Thomas Edison

Contour line defines the outer edge or profile of an object, and can be used to suggest a volume in space.

True

In Japan, ceramic tea bowls were appreciated not just for their color, shape, and pleasing irregular surface, but as part of the experience of sipping tea.

True

The city of Los Angeles disapproved of Simon Rodia's Watts Towers

True

The visual impact of the Olmec sculpture of a colossal head is directly related to its mass.

True

In a two-dimensional work, when the figure becomes the background and the background becomes the figure, we perceive ________.

a figure-ground reversal

If an artist painted a garden with one red flower in a field of yellow flowers, this would be an example of using color to create contrast. For the viewer, the single red flower would be ________.

a focal point in the artwork

A shape made of perfectly straight lines would probably be classified as ________ shape.

a geometric

The ancient Greeks designed the Parthenon according to the idealized rules of proportion for the human body, creating ________ design.

a harmonious

An empty space defined by its surround is known as ________ shape.

a negative

A shape on a flat picture surface that is defined by surrounding empty space is known as ________ shape.

a positive

What creates the various degrees between representational and non-objective?

abstraction

When we touch an object we experience a tactile sensation that artists refer to as ________ texture.

actual

When using a series of squares that are exactly the same shape, implied depth can be achieved by ________.

alternating value relative size overlapping relative position

The sphere that designer Saul Bass created for the AT&T logo is not defined by a continuous boundary. This type of shape, which can be suggested by dots or lines that do not connect, is termed ________ shape.

an implied

A line that gives viewers the impression that they are seeing a line where there is not a continuous mark is ________.

an implied line

________ volume is a space that is enclosed by materials that are not entirely solid.

an open

Colors that do not contrast strongly with each other, and which are similar in wavelength, are ________ colors.

analogous

Disney's Finding Nemo is an example of a series of computer-generated images played in rapid succession. This medium is called ________.

animation

The combination of jarring vertical and diagonal lines in Vincent van Gogh's The Bedroom creates an atmosphere of ________.

anxiety

If an artist painted a street scene with one large building on the left-hand side, and two smaller buildings on the right-hand side, this would be an example of ________ balance.

asymmetrical

________ balance is achieved when two halves of a composition are not mirror images of each other.

asymmetrical

When objects are far away they lack contrast, detail, and sharpness of focus because of the interference of air. Artists take advantage of this when they use the process called:

atmospheric perspective

Creating visual weight and counterweight is part of an artist's use of the element of ________ in creating a work of art.

balance

This type of relief, which takes its name from the French word for low, does not imply great depth.

bas-relief

The French artist Pierre-Paul Prud'hon created chiaroscuro by using ________ chalk on paper.

black and white

Which color combination is analogous?

blue, blue-gree and green

This method of applying value to a two-dimensional artwork in order to create the illusion of three-dimensional solid form is called ________.

chiaroscuro

An artist can use color to indicate depth. When a color is very pure and intense then it seems to be ________.

closer

El Anatsui's artworks reference both ________ and ________.

colonial Africa . . . modern consumerism

This is the most vivid element of art and design.

color

When conducting a formal analysis of a work of art, you would probably want to consider the artist's use of:

color texture emphasis scale

Colors that are on opposite sides of the color wheel are radically different in wavelength and are called ________.

complementary colors

The three kinds of unity are:

compositional, conceptual, gestalt

Disparate visual elements can be linked together with a common idea. This is ________ unity.

conceptual

In Pablo Picasso's Blonde Woman in Profile, the artist uses a ________ line that follows the contours of the model's profile

continuous

Henri Matisse drew Woman Seated in an Armchair using ________ line so that he could represent her figure with great economy while being descriptive.

contour

The dark printed words on the page of a book are easily read because they are printed on a light ground. This is an example of the principle of ________.

contrast

Pick the three words that would best describe a regular line.

controlled geometric cool-headed

In order to create value in his drawing Head of a Satyr, Michelangelo used both hatching and ________, a variation where the lines overlap, allowing for the depiction of darker tones.

cross-hatching

The artist David Smith created sculptures of geometric forms. In his work Cubi XIX, Smith used the following geometric shapes:

cuboids

Artists can create a sense of ________ by using light and dark values.

depth

In Francisco Goya's The Third of May, 1808, the artist used a variety of actual and implied lines to attract attention to specific points within the composition. Lines that draw the viewer's attention in this way are known as ________ lines.

directional

In James Allen's etching The Connectors, an image of workers erecting the Empire State Building, the artist created a feeling of great height by using ________ line to lead the viewer's eye diagonally downward.

directional

By orienting lines so that they attract attention to a specific area of a work of art the artist is using ________.

directional line

The spiraling open volume of Vladimir Tatlin's Monument to the Third International was intended to give the design a feeling of ________.

dynamism

The positive and negative shapes in M. C. Escher's print Sky and Water I balance each other and are an example of ________.

figure-ground reversal

This is the specific part in an area of emphasis to which the viewer's eye is drawn.

focal point

To imply greater depth, the sculptor who created the relief carvings on the outside of the Ara Pacis Augustae carved the figures in the ________ more deeply than those that are in the background, in order to make them stand out more.

foreground

If an artist were to draw a figure whose arm was pointing directly toward the viewer, what technique would the artist have to use when drawing the outstretched arm?

foreshortening

A two-dimensional object is called a shape, and a three-dimensional object is known as a ________.

form

Joseph Cornell created boxes that contain compositions of ________ objects.

found

A sculpture that can be viewed from more than one side and that occupies space in the same way as other real-life objects is called a ________ sculpture.

freestanding

Forms such as pyramids, which tend to be precise and regular, are known as ________ forms.

geometric

The German word that refers to something in which the whole seems greater than the sum of its parts is ________.

gestalt

The principles of design are a kind of ________ that artists apply to the elements of art.

grammar

Romare Bearden's work The Dove uses an underlying ________ reflecting the city streets to create a sense of order.

grid

The process of using a series of parallel lines set close to one another to differentiate planes of value in a work of art is called ________.

hatching

The artist Ai Weiwei was censored in China because:

he created an artwork based on the destruction of a school during an earthquake in China because of shoddy construction.

Ancient Greek sculptors used this part of the body as a standard unit for proportional measurement in the work.

head

A flat work of art has two dimensions: ________ and width.

height

This type of scale is common in the relief sculpture of ancient Egypt, where it was used to indicate social importance.

hierarchical

When an artist uses scale to indicate the relative importance of elements in a composition, he or she is employing this kind of scale

hierarchical scale

The chiaroscuro method uses five defined values: cast shadow, reflected light, core shadow, light, and ________.

highlight

If vertical lines communicate strength, horizontals calm, and diagonals action, then a vacation resort might want to choose a logo consisting of ________ lines in order to show peaceful repose.

horizontal

The term used for referring to the basic colors of the spectrum is ________.

hue

The Dutch design team Sauerkids used ________ lines of dots and dashes in its work to create exciting visual rhythms.

implied

Some Jewish texts create images using this kind of line made up of small letters.

implied line

An artist might use a small scale for a portrait of a lover because it implies ________.

intimacy

Variety can ________ a design.

invigorate

The French artist André Masson wished to explore the psychological source of creativity through his "automatic" ink drawings of ________ lines.

irregular

The computer simulation game Transistor (below) uses ________ perspective.

isometric

This system, which derives its name from the Greek meaning "equal measure," uses diagonal parallel lines to communicate depth.

isometric perspective

The ancient Egyptian artist who painted The Journey of the Sun God Re ( 0.0.1) on a coffin chose his subject because

it expresses beliefs in an afterlife

Art is sometimes censored by the authorities because:

it offends people's religious beliefs its sexual content seems pornographic it carries a political message that worries the authorities its moral values seem improper

Advertisers often use this color to reach their audience because it is the most visible in the spectrum.

lime yellow

One definition of this element is "a mark that connects two points."

line

This is the system for creating an illusion of depth using three basic components: horizon line, vanishing point, and convergence lines.

linear perspective

A color that is almost gray has a ________ saturation.

low

Tibetan Buddhist monks create colored sand images with a radial design. This representation of the universe is called a ________.

mandala

This term refers to the substance contained in an object, but it does not necessarily imply weight.

mass

The Swedish-born artist Claes Oldenburg uses this kind of scale in his sculptures to express admiration for the little things in everyday life.

monumental

A design repeated as a unit in a pattern is called a ________.

motif

In the illustration from the manga Tsubasa RESERVoir CHRoNiCLE, the artists used diagonal lines to create a strong sense of ________.

movement

In her painting Music—Pink and Blue II, Georgia O'Keeffe emphasized the blue ________ space in order to attract the viewer's attention into a deep interior.

negative

In his Obey campaign poster Shepard Fairey used a striking contrast between positive and ________ shapes to attract the attention of the public.

negative

American sculptors Carol Mickett and Robert Stackhouse created the work In the Blue (Crest) to imply the presence of water. The work's many empty spaces, which were created using irregular horizontal members, are an example of ________ volume.

open

Sculptors Ralph Helmick and Peter Schechter are using the concept of _____________ with their sculpture of a human head made with multiple suspended pieces of metal.

open volume

Forms that tend to be irregular, and similar to naturally occurring objects, are known as ________ forms.

organic

Miriam Schapiro's collage Baby Blocks combines two different kinds of shape. ________ is the term used to describe a shape that suggests the natural world, while the term geometric suggests mathematical regularity.

organic

This type of shape is composed of unpredictable, irregular lines.

organic

A Summer Shower by the British artist Edith Hayllar employs linear perspective to create depth. The painting contains imaginary sightlines that converge toward a single vanishing point. These lines are also called ________.

orthogonals

The line that defines the edge of a shape is called the ________.

outline

The recurrence of a single element in a work of art is called ________.

pattern

The artist Dosio, in his drawing of the Church of Saint Spirito, created an impression of three dimensions by using line to show the division between ________.

planes

The French artist Georges Seurat employed a new technique to create a jewel-like diffusion of light and vibration of color in his work The Circus. This type of painting, made up of small dots of color, is known as ________.

pointillism

During his lifetime, Vincent van Gogh

practiced as an artist for only ten years

This object can be used to separate white light into the colors of the spectrum.

prism

The relationships between the sizes of different parts of a work make up its ________.

proportions

________ balance is achieved when all elements in a work of art are equidistant from a central point and repeat in a symmetrical way from side to side and top to bottom.

radial

Using automatic reactions to apply art materials in such a way as consciously to deny order can lead to __________ in art.

randomness

If you were to design an eye-catching poster using only two colors, the combination that would most stand out to passersby would be ________.

red and green

The traditional primary colors are ________.

red, yellow, blue

Mel Bochner used ________ line in the work Vertigo because it is controlled and measured.

regular

One method used to establish depth in Katsushika Hokusai's famous image The Great Wave Off Shore at Kanagawa (seen below) involves placing shapes higher or lower on the page. This process for creating depth is called ________.

relative placement

A three-dimensional surface that is designed to be viewed from only one direction is known as a ________.

relief

This aspect of culture is integral to both ancient Greek and Yoruba figural art, despite the differences in how the resulting artworks look.

religion

The Italian Futurist artist Giacomo Balla illustrated the rapid movement of a dog running on a leash by painting a series of ________ in order to give the impression that we are seeing motion as it happens.

repeating marks

Which of the following can be considered part of visual culture?

roadside billboards television commercials comic books oil paintings

If a figure in an artwork has drapery billowing out behind it, and appears to have multiple feet in different positions, the viewer might assume that this figure is ________.

running forwards

David Hockney emphasized the figure of Peter Schlesinger in his artwork Portrait of an Artist (Pool with two figures), using:

scale: Peter appears to be taller than the hills in the background color: Peter's red jacket stands out implied line: the edges of the pool seem to point toward Peter

Detective movies of the 1940s were filmed in such dark tones they were referred to as film noir. Filmmakers chose these dark values to enhance the ________ mood of the movies.

serious

A color that is lighter than its basic hue is known as a tint. A color that is darker than its basic hue is called a ________.

shade

The kind of motion that is created by showing a series of static images in quick succession is called ________.

stroboscopic motion

When an artist wants to draw attention away from a particular part of the work, he or she uses__________

subordination

When ________ colors are mixed, they make a duller and darker color because more of the visible spectrum is absorbed.

subtractive

By using ________ texture to contradict previous tactile experience, artists can invite viewers to reconsider the world around them.

subversive

________ balance is achieved when both sides of a composition look exactly the same.

symmetrical

Color ________ can be relative to the other colors nearby. For example, violet can be warm if we see it next to a hot color like red, or cool if we see it next to a colder color like blue.

temperature

The medium of Marc Quinn's Self is:

the artist's own blood

Frederic Church's painting Niagara is a vehicle for expressing the artist's thoughts about

the expansion and development of America the beauty of the American landscape God's support for the country.

When an artist creates a work that deceives our eyes into believing there is motion as time passes, this is called ________.

the illusion of motion

The term Formal Analysis can refer to all of the following except:

the ownership history of an artwork.

Hokusai is said to have used a live chicken's footprints in a painting that communicated

the sensations of a fall day by the river

Which of the following can create a pattern?

the warp and weft of woven cloth fish scales dried, cracked mud stacks of cans

Hatching and cross-hatching use two-dimensional lines to communicate ________ depth.

three-dimensional

These four visual elements of art—form, volume, mass, and texture—are present in ________ works of art.

three-dimensional

Traditional visual arts, such as painting, are inherently static, but artists have always found inventive ways of conveying the elements of ________ and ________.

time . . . motion

What element describes the imposition of order and harmony on a design?

unity

The element of art that describes the relative lightness or darkness of a hue, compared to another hue, is known as ________.

value

The lightness or darkness of a surface is the element of art called ________.

value

One-point perspective does convey depth, but it has limited applications due to its reliance on a single ________.

vanishing point

Compositional unity strikes an interesting balance between the monotony of too much similarity, and the chaos of too much ________ in a work of art

variety

When complementary colors are used next to each other in a composition, they produce a visual anomaly called simultaneous contrast. This visual effect makes the colors appear to ________ along the boundary where the two colors meet.

vibrate

The elements of art form the basic ________ of art.

vocabulary

In his drawing of the Church of Saint Spirito, Dosio used line to accentuate the patterned surface of the ceiling and differentiate it from the ________.

walls