ART 187 Final Exam ~ Miami OH

Carolingia Dynasty

(known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolingus, Carolings or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family with origins in the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century AD.

Edward the Confessor

(Old English: Ēadweard Andettere, Latin: Eduardus Confessor; 1003 - 5 January 1066) was among the last Anglo-Saxon kings of England, and usually considered the last king of the House of Wessex, ruling from 1042 to 1066.

Crocket

(in Gothic architecture) a small carved ornament, typically a bud or curled leaf, on the inclined side of a pinnacle or gable.

Crucifix

.. (from Latin cruci fixus meaning "(one) fixed to a cross") is an image of Jesus on the cross, as distinct from a bare cross. The representation of Jesus himself the cross is referred to in English as the corpus (Latin for "body").

Repousse

.. hammered into relief from the reverse side.

Baptismal Front

A baptismal font is an article of church furniture used for baptism.

Porch

A church porch is a room-like structure at a church's main entrance. In most Christian churches the main door is on the south side, and a Porch protects from the weather to some extent. Some porches have an outer door, others a simple gate, and in some cases the outer opening is not closed in any way. These are normally off the transverse which are off the crossing

Courtyard

A courtyard or court is an enclosed area, often surrounded by a building or complex, that is open to the sky. Such spaces in inns and public buildings were often the primary meeting places for some purposes, leading to the other meanings of court.

Transverse Rib

A transverse rib (French: arc doubleau) is the term in architecture given to the rib of a rib vault which is carried across the nave, dividing the same into bays.

Reiner of Huy

Describe the Reiner of Huy's masterpeice, the baptismal font at St. Bartholomew's Church in Belgium.

Galleries

Gallery, in architecture, any covered passage that is open at one side, such as a portico or a colonnade. More specifically, in late medieval and Renaissance Italian architecture, it is a narrow balcony or platform running the length of a wall.

Heinrich and Peter Parler

German architects and sculptors from the 14th century.[1] Founder of the dynasty, Heinrich Parler, came from Cologne, but later lived and worked in Gmünd

Last Judgement

God decides who goes to heaven and stuff

High Gothic

Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period.

Zodiac

I want to punch Harold in the tit

Lantern

In architecture, the lantern tower is a tall construction above the junction of the four arms of a cruciform (cross-shaped) church, with openings through which light from outside can shine down to the crossing.

Stepped Gable

One of a series of stepped masonry projections rising above roof level along the sides of a gable wall.

Pilgrimage

Religious Journey

Monasticism

Religious way of life one leads, renouncing worldly pursuits and devoting one's self entirely to spiritual work

Barrel Vaults

Romanesque style used with rounded arches

Battle of Hastings

The Battle of Hastings was fought on 14 October 1066 between the Norman-French army of Duke William II of Normandy and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman conquest of England.

Celts

The Celts were a European cultural group first evident in the 7th or 8th century B.C. The Romans called them Galli and the Greeks called them Keltoi-- both meaning barbarians. Their maximum expansion was in the 3rd to 5th century B.C., when they occupied much of Europe north of the Alps (see maps).

Lindisfarne Gospels

The Lindisfarne Gospels is an illuminated manuscript gospel book produced around the year 700 in a monastery off the coast of Northumberland at Lindisfarne and which is now on display in the British Library in London.

Vikings

The Vikings came from three countries of Scandinavia: Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The name 'Viking' comes from a language called 'Old Norse' and means 'a pirate raid'. People who went off raiding in ships were said to be 'going Viking'.

Plate Tracery

The earliest form of window tracery, typical of Gothic architecture prior to the early 13th century, is known as plate tracery because the individual lights (the glazed openings in the window) have the appearance of being cut out of a flat plate of masonry.

Jamb

The vertical components that form the sides of a door frame, window frame, or fireplace, or other opening in a wall. (mining) Any thick mass of rock that prevents miners from following the lode or vein.

Double Transept

Transept, the area of a cruciform church lying at right angles to the principal axis. The bay at which the transept intersects the main body of the church is called the crossing. The transept itself is sometimes simply called the cross.

William I

William I (Old Norman: Williame I; Old English: Willelm I; c. 1028[1] - 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard,[2][a] was the first Norman King of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087. The descendant of Viking raiders, he had been Duke of Normandy since 1035. After a long struggle to establish his power, by 1060 his hold on Normandy was secure, and he launched the Norman conquest of England in 1066. The rest of his life was marked by struggles to consolidate his hold over England and his continental lands and by difficulties with his eldest son.

Robert and William Vertue

William Vertue (died 1527) was an English architect specialising in Fan vault ceilings. Along with his brother Robert, he was involved in the construction of the Tower of London (1501-1502),

Romances

a feeling of excitement and mystery associated with love.

Triforium

a gallery or arcade above the arches of the nave, choir, and transepts of a church.

Pinnacle

a high, pointed piece of rock.

Illuminated Manuscripts

a manuscript in which the text is supplemented with such decoration as initials, borders (marginalia) and miniature illustrations.

Normans

a member of a people of mixed Frankish and Scandinavian origin who settled in Normandy from about AD 912 and became a dominant military power in western Europe and the Mediterranean in the 11th century

Grisaille

a method of painting in gray monochrome, typically to imitate sculpture.

Trumeau

a mirror having a painted or carved panel above or below the glass in the same frame. Architecture. a column supporting a tympanum of a doorway at its center.

Incarnation

a person who embodies in the flesh a deity, spirit, or abstract quality.

Historiated Initial

enlarged letter at the beginning of a paragraph or other section of text, which contains a picture.

Avarice

extreme greed for wealth or material gain.

Jamb Figures

figure carved on the jambs of a doorway or window. These statues are often human figures- either religious figures or secular or ecclesiastical leaders.

Lierne Vaulting

in Gothic rib vaulting is an architectural term for a tertiary rib spanning between two other ribs, instead of from a springer, or to the central boss.

Naumburg Master

is the name given to an anonymous medieval sculptor. His works date to the middle of the 13th century and are counted among the most important artworks of the Middle Ages.

Ekkehard and Ute

naumbug church

Andachtsbild(er)

no clue

Drolleries

often called a grotesque, are decorative thumbnail images in the margins of Illuminated manuscripts, most popular from about 1250 through the 15th century, though found earlier and later.

Luxuria

self-indulgent sexual desire

Electors

someone who is eligible to vote in the election of a government

Webbing

strong, closely woven fabric used for straps, belts,

Embroidery

the art or pastime of embroidering cloth.

Jeanne d'Evreux

was the third wife of King Charles IV

Ebbo Gospels

.. is an early Carolingian illuminated Gospel book known for an unusual, energetic style of illustration. The book was produced in the ninth century at the Benedictine Abbaye Saint-Pierre d'Hautvillers.

Palace School

.. was a special school inside the Topkapi Palace that provided the education for the princes of the House of Osman and promising young pages, mostly recruited via the Devshirme system, who went on to staff the administrative elite of the Ottoman Empire.

Westwerk

..(German: Westwerk) is the monumental, west-facing entrance section of a Carolingian, Ottonian, or Romanesque church. The exterior consists of multiple stories between two towers.

The Fall, The Passion

...adam and eve being banished from the garden of eden the jewish people being promised scared land once again

Lindau Gospels

..A large gold repoussé Crucifixion dominates this jeweled cover. Surrounding Christ are ten mourning figures: below the arms of the cross are the Virgin and John and probably Mary Magdalene and Mary, the wife of Cleopas. The cover's architectural features allude to the jeweled Heavenly Jerusalem, the city made possible by Christ's sacrifice

Bishop Bernward

..Bronze doors, Saint Michael's, Hildesheim, commissioned by Bishop Bernward, 1015.

Charles I

..Charles I was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649.

Archbishop Gero

..Gero was Archbishop of Cologne from 969 until his death. Gero originated from Saxony commissioned the gold gero crucifix

Great Hall

..Image result for great hall A great hall is the main room of a royal palace, nobleman's castle or a large manor house or hall house in the Middle Ages, and continued to be built in the country houses of the 16th and early 17th centuries, although by then the family used the great chamber for eating and relaxing.

Otto I

..Otto I, also known as Otto the Great, was German king from 936 and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 962 until his death in 973. He was the oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda

Otto II and Theophano

..Otto II was made joint-ruler of Germany in 961, at an early age, and his father named him co-Emperor in 967 to secure his succession to the throne. When his father died after a 37-year reign, the eighteen-year-old Otto II became absolute ruler of the Holy Roman Empire in a peaceful succession. Otto II spent his reign continuing his father's policy of strengthening Imperial rule in Germany and extending the borders of the Empire deeper into southern Italy. Otto II also continued the work of Otto I in subordinating the Catholic Church to Imperial control.

Otto III

..Otto III was Holy Roman Emperor from 996 until his early death in 1002. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto III was the only son of the Emperor Otto II and his wife Theophanu.

Palace Chapel

..The Palatine Chapel is an early medieval chapel that is a remaining component of Charlemagne's Palace of Aachen in what is now Germany.

Coronation Gospels

..The Vienna Coronation Gospels, also known simply as the Coronation Gospels, is a late 8th century illuminated Gospel Book produced at the court of Charlemagne in Aachen. Drawings of the evangelists

Monastery

..a building or buildings occupied by a community of monks living under religious vows.

Cloister

..a covered walk in a convent, monastery, college, or cathedral, typically with a wall on one side and a colonnade open to a quadrangle on the other.

Lost-Wax Process

..is the process by which a duplicate metal sculpture (often silver, gold, brass or bronze) is cast from an original sculpture.

Ottonian Dynasty

..named after its first Emperor Otto I, but also known as the Saxon dynasty after the family's origin in the German stem duchy of Saxony. The family itself is also sometimes known as the Liudolfings (Liudolfinger), after its earliest known member Count Liudolf (d. 866) and one of its primary leading-names. The Ottonian rulers were successors of the Carolingian dynasty in East Francia.

Holy Roman Empire

..was a multi-ethnic complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.[7] The largest territory of the empire after 962 was the Kingdom of Germany, though it also included the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Kingdom of Burgundy, the Kingdom of Italy, and numerous other territories.[8][9][10]

Portal

1 : door, entrance; especially : a grand or imposing one. 2 : the whole architectural composition surrounding and including the doorways and porches of a church. 3 : the approach or entrance to a bridge or tunnel.

Flying Buttresses

1. a segmental arch transmitting an outward and downward thrust to a solid buttress that through its inertia transforms the thrust into a vertical one.

Lombard Bands

A Lombard band is a decorative blind arcade, usually located on the exterior of building. It was frequently used during the Romanesque and Gothic periods of Western architecture.

Groin Vaults

A groin vault or groined vault (also sometimes known as a double barrel vault or cross vault) is produced by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults. The word "groin" refers to the edge between the intersecting vaults.

Lancets

A lancet window is a tall, narrow window with a pointed arch at its top. It acquired the "lancet" name from its resemblance to a lance. Instances of this architectural motif are typical of Gothic ecclesiastical structures of the earliest period.

Lintel

A lintel is a structural horizontal block that spans the space or opening between two vertical supports. It can be a load-bearing building component, a decorative architectural element, or a combined ornamented structural item. It is often found over portals, doors, windows, and fireplaces.

Crusades

A medieval military expedition, one of a series made by Europeans to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries.

Mullions

A mullion is a vertical element that forms a division between units of a window, door, or screen, or is used decoratively. When dividing adjacent window units, its primary purpose is to provide structural support to an arch or lintel above the window opening.

Ship Burial

A ship burial or boat grave is a burial in which a ship or boat is used either as a container for the dead and the grave goods, or as a part of the grave goods itself.

Spire Tower

A spire is a tapering conical or pyramidal structure on the top of a building, often a skyscraper or a church tower. Etymologically, the word is derived from the Old English word spir, meaning a sprout, shoot, or stalk of grass

Strip Buttresses

A strip buttress is a vertical architectural embellishment set out against a wall. It doesn't actually serve a purpose other than giving a structure architectual interest, whereas a flying buttress lends support to a wall, only for decoration

Decorated Style

A style of English Gothic architecture of the late 1200s to the mid-1300s, characterized by rich ornamentation, especially in window tracery.

Net Vaulting

A vault on which a complex of ribs gives a net-like appearance.

Arched Brace Roof Framing

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Ambulatory

Ambulatory, in architecture, continuation of the aisled spaces on either side of the nave (central part of the church) around the apse (semicircular projection at the east end of the church) or chancel (east end of the church where the main altar stands) to form a continuous processional way.

Annunciation

An announcement made by the angel Gabriel to Mary, the mother of Jesus, that she was going to bear a son, even though she was a virgin. Her son was to be called Jesus.

Radiating Chapels

An apse chapel, in church architecture, is a chapel radiating tangentially from one of the bays or divisions of the apse. It is reached generally by a semicircular passageway, or ambulatory, exteriorly to the walls or piers of the apse. In a church, projecting chapels arranged radially around the ambulatory of a semicircular or polygonal liturgical east end. See chevet.

Blind Arcade

An arcade is a succession of arches each counter-thrusting the next, supported by columns, piers, or a covered walkway enclosed by a line of such arches on one or both sides. In warmer or wet climates, exterior arcades provide shelter for pedestrians. The walkway may be lined with stores. A blind arcade superimposes arcading against a solid wall. Blind arcades are a feature of Romanesque architecture that was taken into Gothic architecture.

Archivolts

An archivolt (or voussure) is an ornamental molding or band following the curve on the underside of an arch. It is composed of bands of ornamental moldings (or other architectural elements) surrounding an arched opening, corresponding to the architrave in the case of a rectangular opening. The word is sometimes used to refer to the under-side or inner curve of the arch itself

Hiberno-Saxon

An illuminated manuscript is a manuscript in which the text is supplemented with such decoration as initials, borders (marginalia) and miniature illustrations.

Anglo-Saxons

Anglo-Saxon, term used historically to describe any member of the Germanic peoples who, from the 5th century ce to the time of the Norman Conquest (1066), inhabited and ruled territories that are today part of England and Wales.

Cloisonne

Cloisonné is an ancient technique for decorating metalwork objects,

Mandorla

Definition of mandorla. plural -s. : a panel or contour in the shape of an almond; usually : an almond shaped aureole : vesica piscis <Christ seated in a mandorla>

Tiercerons

Definition of tierceron. plural -s. : one of the minor or intermediate ribs in Gothic vaulting that spring from the pier on each side of the main diagonal rib and therefore do not pass through the center of the vault.

Court Style of Paris

Earliest phase of the Rayonnant style of French Gothic, closely associated with the reign of King Louis IX (1227-70). It was characterized by the dissolution of walls in favour of huge areas of windows subdivided by thin, wire-like tracery, the piercing of the wall of the triforium-gallery with windows, and the introduction of masses of colonnettes corresponding to the ribs in the vault. The most glorious examples of the Court style are Ste-Chapelle

Exeter Cathedral

Exeter Cathedral, formally known as the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter at Exeter, is an Anglican cathedral, and the seat of the Bishop of Exeter, in the city of Exeter, Devon, in South West England.

Expressionism

Expressionism was a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it radically for emotional effect in order to evoke moods or ideas

Gislebertus

French Romanesque sculptor, whose decoration of the Cathedral of Saint Lazare at Autun, France

Rayonnant Style

French building style (13th century) that represents the height of Gothic architecture. During this period architects became less interested in achieving great size than in decoration, which took such forms as pinnacles, moldings, and especially window tracery. The style's name reflects the radiating character of the rose window. Other features include the thinning of vertical supporting members, the enlargement of windows, and the combination of the triforium gallery and clerestory into one large glazed area, until walls became largely undifferentiated screens of tracery, mullions, and glass.

Halley's Comet

Halley's comet. A periodical comet with an orbital period of about 76 years, its reappearance in 1758-9 having been predicted by Edmond Halley. It was first recorded in 240 bc and last appeared, rather faintly, in 1985-6.

Harold Godwinson

Harold II c. 1022 - 14 October 1066) was the last Anglo-Saxon king of England.

Nave Arcade

Image result for Nave Arcade architecture definition A row of arches supported on columns or piers, either free-standing or set against a wall. An arcade could be used anywhere, but usually refers to the range of arches that separate the nave from side aisles.

Choir

Image result for choir architecture definition A choir, also sometimes spelled quire, is the area of a church or cathedral that provides seating for the clergy and church choir. It is in the western part of the chancel between the crossing and the apse which houses the altar and Church tabernacle.

Elizabeth

In Greek the meaning of the name Elizabeth is: From the Hebrew Elisheba, meaning either oath of God, or God is satisfaction. Famous bearer: Old Testament Elizabeth was mother of John the Baptist and one of the earliest known bearers of this name; Queen Elizabeth II.

Bays

In architecture, a bay is the space between architectural elements, or a recess or compartment. Bay comes from "Old French baee," meaning an opening or hole The spaces between posts, columns, or buttresses in the length of a building

Clerestory

In architecture, a clerestory is a high section of wall that contains windows above eye level. The purpose is to admit light, fresh air, or both

Bodily Resurrection

Jesus is alive y'all

Evangelist Symbols

Name Symbol Matthew. Winged Man. Mark. Winged Lion. Luke. Winged Ox. John. Eagle.

Nimrod

Nimrod was a very significant man in ancient times, the grandson of Ham and great-grandson of Noah. Nimrod started his kingdom at Babylon (Gen. 10:10). Babylon later reached its zenith under Nebuchadnezzar (sixth century BC). Pictured above are mudbrick ruins of Nebuchadnezzar's city along with ancient wall lines and canals in modern day Iraq. —(ABR file photo)

Bishop Odo

Odo, half-brother of William the Conqueror was born in the early 1030's, he was the son of Herluin of Conteville and William's mother Arlette, the former mistress of Duke Robert I of Normandy.

Perpendicular Style

Perpendicular style, Phase of late Gothic architecture in England roughly parallel in time to the French Flamboyant style. The style, concerned with creating rich visual effects through decoration, was characterized by a predominance of vertical lines in stone window tracery, enlargement of windows to great proportions, and conversion of the interior stories into a single unified vertical expanse.

Quadrant Arch

Quadrant in architecture refers to a curve in a wall or a vaulted ceiling. Generally considered to be an arc of 90 degrees - one quarter of a circle, or a half of the more commonly seen architectural feature - a crescent.

Reliquaries

Relics were more than mementos. the veneration of relics in the Middle Ages came to rival the sacraments in the daily life of the medieval church. Indeed, from the time of Charlemagne, it was obligatory that every altar contain a relic.

Rhetorical Gesture

Rhetoric is the art of discourse, an art that aims to improve the capability of writers or speakers to inform, most likely to persuade, or motivate particular audiences in specific situations

Saint Foy

The Abbey Church of Saint Foy St. in Conques, France, was a popular stop for pilgrims traveling the Way of St. James to Santiago de Compostela, in what is now Spain.

Bayeux Embroidery

The Bayeux Tapestry is an embroidered cloth nearly 70 metres (230 ft) long and 50 centimetres (20 in) tall, which depicts the events leading up to the Norman conquest of England concerning

Book of Durrow

The Book of Durrow is a medieval illuminated manuscript gospel book in the Insular art style.

Book of Kells

The Book of Kells is an illuminated manuscript Gospel book in Latin, containing the four Gospels of the New Testament together with various prefatory texts and tables.

Cluniac Reform

The Cluniac (Clunian) Reform was a series of changes within medieval monasticism. The reforms focused on restoring the traditional life in the monasteries. Monasteries should encourage the production of artworks. They should also care for the poor

S-Curve Posture

The S Curve is a traditional art concept in Ancient Greek sculpture and Roman sculpture where the figure's body and posture is depicted like a sinuous or serpentine "S". It is related to and is an extension of the art term of contrapposto which is when a figure is depicted slouching or placing one's weight and thus center of gravity to one side.

Expulsion from the Garden

The disobedience of Adam and Eve and their consequent loss of God's grace and the peace and happiness of the Garden of Eden. When they ate the forbidden fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil, God punished them by driving them out of the garden and into the world, where they would be subject to sickness, pain, and eventual death. God told Eve that she would give birth in sorrow and pain; Adam's curse was that he would have to work hard to earn his livelihood.

Fall of Man

The disobedience of Adam and Eve and their consequent loss of God's grace and the peace and happiness of the Garden of Eden. When they ate the forbidden fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil, God punished them by driving them out of the garden and into the world, where they would be subject to sickness, pain, and eventual death. God told Eve that she would give birth in sorrow and pain; Adam's curse was that he would have to work hard to earn his livelihood.

Ribbed Groin Vaults

The intersection of two or three barrel vaults produces a rib vault or ribbed vault when they are edged with an armature of piped masonry often carved in decorative patterns

Durham Cathedral

The nave vault of Durham Cathedral is the most significant architectural element of the Durham World Heritage Site because it marks a turning point in the history of architecture. The pointed arch was successfully used as a structural element for the first time here in this building. Semi-circular arches were the type used prior to the adoption of the structural pointed arch — the limitations of which is that their height must be proportionate to their width.

Lazarus and Dives

The parable of the rich man and Lazarus (also called the Dives and Lazarus or Lazarus and Dives) is a well-known parable of Jesus appearing in the Gospel of Luke. The Gospel of Luke (Luke 16:19-31) tells of the relationship, in life and in death, between an unnamed rich man and a poor beggar named Lazarus.

Scriptoria

The scriptoria were manufactories of books and not centres of learning. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 16, Slice 5 Various. The scriptoria of the monasteries were the places where the transcribing and illuminating of MSS. From Chaucer to Tennyson Henry A. Beers.

Labors of the Months

The term Labours of the Months refers to cycles in Medieval and early Renaissance art depicting in twelve scenes the rural activities that commonly took place in the months of the year. They are often linked to the signs of the Zodiac, and are seen as humankind's response to God's ordering of the Universe.

Vellum

Vellum is derived from the Latin word "vitulinum" meaning "made from calf", leading to Old French "vélin" ("calfskin"). The term often refers to a parchment made from calf skin, as opposed to that from other animals. It is prepared for writing or printing on, to produce single pages, scrolls, codices or books.

Wiligelmo

Wiligelmo (also known as Wiligelmus, Gulielmo da Modena, Cousin of Elmo or Guglielmo da Modena) was an Italian sculptor, active between c. 1099 and 1120. He was the first sculptor in Italy who started again to produce large size sculptures and signed his work.

Thomas of Witney

Witney, Thomas of (fl. 1292-1342). English mason. He was engaged on the first building of St Stephen's Chapel, Westminster, in the 1290s, but by 1311 was living in Winchester, Hampshire, and working on the Cathedral. He carried out alterations to the eastern arm of the church (presbytery) before being called to Exeter Cathedral in 1313, where he was in charge by 1316, completing the crossing, building the nave, and creating the reredos and sedilia (1316-26) as well as the pulpitum, all of which are in an advanced Second Pointed style. The piers and other aspects of the architecture at the presbytery of Winchester resemble the style of the works at Exeter. He may have designed the Lady Chapel and associated parts of the retrochoir at Wells Cathedral, Somerset (completed by 1326), and the crossing at Merton College Chapel, Oxford (1330-2). He was one of the most outstanding architects of the period.

Abbot Sugar

a French abbot, statesman, historian and one of the earliest patrons of Gothic architecture.

Chapter House

a building used for the meetings of the canons of a cathedral or other religious community.

Lady Chapel

a chapel in a church or cathedral dedicated to the Virgin Mary.

Rose Window

a circular window with mullions or tracery radiating in a form suggestive of a rose.

Strainer Arches

a construction (such as a flying buttress) that suggests an arch and is designed to resist end thrust

Reliquary

a container for holy relics...

Finial

a distinctive ornament at the apex of a roof, pinnacle, canopy, or similar structure in a building.

Screen Facade

a facade that conceals the form or dimensions of the building to which it is attached (as by exceeding the building in height or width)

Cistercians

a monk or nun of an order founded in 1098 as a stricter branch of the Benedictines. The monks are now divided into two observances, the strict observance, whose adherents are known popularly as Trappists, and the common observance, which has certain relaxations.

Pieta

a picture or sculpture of the Virgin Mary holding the dead body of Jesus Christ on her lap or in her arms.

Pendants

a piece of jewelry that hangs from a chain worn around the neck

Cusp

a pointed end where two curves meet, in particular.

Corbels

a projection jutting out from a wall to support a structure above it.

Sting Courses

a raised horizontal band or course of bricks on a building.

Cartoon

a simple drawing showing the features of its subjects in a humorously exaggerated way, especially a satirical one in a newspaper or magazine.

Parables

a simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson, as told by Jesus in the Gospels.

Cames

a slender, grooved bar of lead for holding together the pieces of glass in windows of latticework or stained glass.

Coronation of the Virgin

a subject in Christian art, especially popular in Italy in the 13th to 15th centuries, but continuing in popularity until the 18th century and beyond.

Transverse Arch

a supporting arch or rib that runs across a vault from side to side, dividing the bays, rounded arch, NOT pointed

Fan Vault

a type of vault consisting of a set of concave ribs spreading out from a central point like the ribs of an opened umbrella, used especially in the English Perpendicular style.

Tympanum

a vertical recessed triangular space forming the center of a pediment, typically decorated.

Quatrefoils

an ornamental design of four lobes or leaves as used in architectural tracery, resembling a flower or four-leaf clover.

Louis IX

commonly known as Saint Louis, was a Capetian King of France who reigned from 1226 until his death.

Interlace

cross or be crossed intricately together; interweave.

Knotted Interlace

first time that christ is seen in text and at the alter

Stained Glass Windows

glass that has been colored, enameled, painted, or stained, especially by having pigments baked onto its surface or by having various metallic oxides fused into it, as used in church windows

Pier Buttresses

he pier that receives the thrust of a flying buttress

Biting-Animal Interlace

idk tho

Compound Piers

in Romanesque and Gothic architecture, feature of a nave arcade designed for the support of arches and to bring arch and pier into harmony. The forerunner of the Gothic clustered column, it is cross-shaped in section, with shafts placed in the recesses.

Trefoil Design

is a graphic form composed of the outline of three overlapping rings used in architecture and Christian symbolism

Windmill Psalter

is an English 12th-century illuminated manuscript psalter (British Library, Cotton MS. Nero C.iv), also sometimes known as the Psalter of Henry of Blois, and formerly known as the St Swithun's Psalter. It was probably made for use in Winchester, most scholars agreeing that the most likely patron was the Henry of Blois, brother of Stephen, King of England, and Bishop of Winchester from 1129 until his death in 1171. Until recent decades it was "a little-studied masterpiece of English Romanesque painting",[1] but it has been the subject of several recent studies.

Throne of Wisdom

is identified with one of many devotional titles for the Mother of God.

Ascension of Christ

is the Christian teaching found in the New Testament that the resurrected Jesus was taken up to Heaven in his resurrected body, in the presence of eleven of his apostles, occurring 40 days after the resurrection.

Christ in Majesty

is the Western Christian image of Christ seated on a throne as ruler of the world, always seen frontally in the centre of the composition, and often flanked by other sacred figures, whose membership changes over time and according to the context.

Matthew Paris

known as Matthew of Paris, was a Benedictine monk, English chronicler, artist in illuminated manuscripts and cartographer, based at St Albans Abbey in Hertfordshire.

Moralizing Bible

later name for the most important example of the medieval picture bibles,

Lux Nova

means "new light," and it specifically refers to the advent of stained glass in France in the 12th century. The Abbot Suger, who rebuilt the Church of Saint-Denis with Gothic architecture and stained glass windows, used the phrase to describe the heavenly aura that filled the church.

Sainte Theodore

one of the two saints called Theodore, who are venerated as Warrior Saints and Great Martyrs in the Eastern Orthodox Church. He is also known as Theodore Tyron

Saved and Dammed

saved go to heaven and dammed go to hell

Aisled Transepts

the aisle of a transept corresponding to the side aisle of a nave. The transept is the cross-piece of the cross, in the picture they are seen as the two pieces that come off the crossing.

Modern Cathedral

the architecture of cathedrals, basilicas and abbey churches is characterised by the buildings' large scale and follows one of several branching traditions of form, function and style that all ultimately derive from the Early Christian architectural traditions established in the Constantinian period. This style was called "Gothic" by its' critics, this name is most popular

Polychromy

the art of painting in several colors, especially as applied to ancient pottery, sculpture, and architecture.

Abraham

the first of the great Biblical patriarchs, father of Isaac, and traditional founder of the ancient Hebrew nation: considered by Muslims an ancestor of the Arab peoples through his son Ishmael. 2. a male given name: from a Hebrew word meaning "father of many.".

Nativity

the occasion of a person's birth (Jesus Christ)

Gable

the portion of the front or side of a building enclosed by or masking the end of a pitched roof. 2. a decorative member suggesting a gable, used especially in Gothic architecture. 3. Also called gable wall.

Cathedral

the principal church of a diocese, with which the bishop is officially associated.

Bar Tracery

the stonework elements that support the glass in a Gothic window.

Jean Pucelle

was a Parisian Gothic-era manuscript illuminator, excelling in the invention of drolleries, traditional iconography, and was considered one of the best miniaturists of the early 14th century.

Jacques Coeur

wealthy and powerful French merchant, who served as a councillor to King Charles VII of France. His career remains a significant example of the spirit of enterprise and the social progress among the merchant classes in the beginning of the period of the rise of France after the Hundred Years' War.