Art 1B Review
What did Robert Rauschenberg call his assemblages?
"Combine paintings".
How long did it take Michelangelo to complete the ceiling of the Vatican's Sistine Chapel?
4 years.
What is idealism?
A belief in the concept of perfection.
What was a postmodernist ideal for urban architecture?
A building should reflect the nature of urban life.
Define regionalism
A conservative style that specialized in local themes particularly the everyday life of rural Americans.
What characterized the modernist movement?
A deliberate departure from the traditions of the 19th century.
What is porcelain?
A hard, semi-transparent variety of ceramic ware made with a fine white clay and fired at a high temperature.
What did the Post-Impressionist desire?
A more structured art.
What is a dome?
A radial form of arch to cover a circular, octagonal, or even square area.
Besides being renowned for his paintings and drawings. what are 5 other occupations Leonardo da Vinci had?
A sculptor, architect, engineer, scientist, and inventor.
Define sculpture in the round
A sculpture that is meant to be viewed from all sides.
Define relief sculpture
A sculpture that is not freestanding, but projects from a background surface.
Define kinetic sculpture
A sculpture that moves.
In printmaking, what is a plate?
A surface on which the picture or design is made.
What is a Hydria?
A type of Greek water jar.
What is humanism?
A view of life based on the nature and interests of people.
What style of modern art were Helen Frankenthaler and Hans Hoffman part of?
Abstract Expressionism.
What does an arch do?
Allows the spanning of greater distance.
List 3 careers in multimedia design
An animator, storyboard artist or a game designer.
In addition to monumental works in stone, what else did Cambodian artists produce?
An array of glazed stoneware for everyday use by the privileged class.
What is a relic?
An object believed to have belonged to a saint.
Who did Frank Lloyd Wright consider to be his mentor?
Architect Louis Sullivan.
How did the French middle class see Neoclassicism?
As an allegory of honor and patriotism.
The Plains people make necklaces from what materials?
Beads, bones, claws, or horns.
List 7 objects prehistoric people used to make jewelry
Bone, wood, seeds, stones, shells, hair, and teeth.
What did the German Expressionists tend to use in their art?
Bright colors and flat patterns to express passionate feelings.
What medium is Rodin's sculpture The Thinker made from?
Bronze. (Casting was used to make the sculpture.)
How did Impressionism take Realism a step further?
By emphasizing the way color and light can be shown in a painting.
Explain how Jackson Pollock made his "drip" paintings.
By laying a canvas on the floor and walking across its surface spilling, pouring, and flinging paint.
How did the Impressionist break artistic tradition?
By painting their works entirely outdoors, or in French, en plein air.
What was one of the most striking art forms found in Mohenjo-daro?
Carved stone seals.
List 4 ways, historically, that sculpture has been produced
Carving, casting, modeling and constructing.
Where was the skyscraper form pioneered?
Chicago.
What country heavily influenced Korean art?
China.
What types of buildings were built during the construction boom of the Romanesque period?
Churches and monasteries.
What are 3 things the Baroque style emphasized?
Complexity, drama, and grandeur.
Describe what fashion designers do
Create designs for all types of clothing, hats, scarves, purses, and costume jewelry.
Describe casting
Creating a hollow shape called a mold, and filling it with a material that will harden.
What are masks used for in many societies?
Dances and rituals.
What type of art thrived during the Middle Ages?
Decorative arts thrived, infused with stylistic elements from the "barbarian" cultures.
Describe what architectural renderers do
Design landscapes for public and private recreational areas, housing developments, and businesses.
Who discovered how to make glass, and when?
Egyptians, and around 300 BCE.
What are 2 types of intaglio prints?
Engraving and etching.
What are 5 things a furniture designer must consider?
Ergonomics, purpose, comfort, durability, and sometimes storage.
Name 2 architects from the Renaissance
Filippo Brunelleschi and Andrea Palladio.
What is a hallmark of Chinese architecture?
Flared overhanging roof eaves.
How did the Fauves get their name, and what does it mean?
From critics in 1905 at a show in Paris where their paintings contained a shocking use of color. Their name is French for "wild beasts".
Whose sculptures did the Romans copy?
Greek sculptures by the thousands.
What did the Art Nouveau movement emphasize?
Handmade quality and a rejection of industrial design by featuring organic, Asian, and ancient forms.
What do the pwo masks of the Chokwe peoples represent?
Ideal young female beauty.
How were Chinese scrolls meant to be viewed?
In private, as one might read a book of poems.
Describe the screen printing process
Ink is forced through a fine screen on which a stencil has been created. The ink passes through the stenciled image to the paper or other surface.
What did the Surrealists specialize in?
Intuitive, subconscious experiences and dreams.
Where do we get the term papier-mache?
It is a French term that means masticated paper, or paper reduced to a pulp.
From what period is the earliest discovered art historic China?
It is from the Shang-Dynasty, which flourished from c. 1500 to 1050 BCE.
What are 3 qualities of gold that make it ideal for jewelry?
It's beautiful, it never tarnishes, and it is easy to stretch.
What type of art did the Chinese turn to during the end of the T'ang Dynasty, and why?
Landscape printing and a reverence for nature as a source of hope after the series of civil wars.
What did the Realist believe in depicting?
Landscapes or scenes of everyday life without grandeur, drama or condescension.
Where was Pablo Picasso born?
Malaga, Spain.
Who developed the technique for creating "black-on-black" pottery?
Maria Montoya Martinez.
Who painted Gathering for the Hunt in 1856?
Marie Rosalle (Rosa) Bonheur.
What does Paula Modersohn-Becker's painting, Old Peasant Woman Praying, express?
Melancholy as well as sympathy for peasant life.
What became possible with the development of frame construction in the 1800s?
Multiple-story buildings, and there were more options for the design of interior spaces.
From what did Ice Age artists make pigments?
Natural materials: gypsum for white, iron oxide for reds and yellows, and charcoal for black.
What are totems?
Natural objects, usually animals, that are adapted as symbols of a family or clan.
In Egyptian art, why are the figures smaller or larger?
Not to show their placement in space, but to indicate their importance or rank in society.
What are 2 ways weaving can be done?
On a complex motorized loom or a simple wooden frame.
Where is Macchu Picchu located?
On top of a high mountain in Pre-Columbian, Peru.
Which 2 artists developed Cubism?
Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque.
What did arabesque designs feature?
Patterns of intertwined lines and shapes.
What are 3 hand-building methods used for making pottery?
Pinch pots, slab-built pots, and coil pots.
Describe what exhibit and display designers do
Plan and construct exhibits and displays for stores, museums, and conventions.
Describe what interior designers do
Plan the look and shape of interior space for everything from houses and automobiles to factories and ocean liners.
What did the Pop Art movement satirize?
Popular culture by borrowing themes from comics, advertising, and ordinary life.
What is the oldest and simplest method of construction?
Post and lintel. (There are 5 methods.)
What did the invention of the blowpipe make possible?
Producing hollow glass forms rapidly.
From whom did the Navajo learn the art of weaving?
Pueblo.
Describe what a museum curator does
Purchases new artwork, develops and oversees exhibitions, and helps prepare materials to help announce and advertise exhibitions.
What does Renaissance literally mean?
Rebirth.
Of what subject did Rembrandt van Rijn make over 800 paintings, drawings, and prints?
Religious subjects.
How did Albrecht Durer become well known throughout Europe?
Renowned as a painter and print-maker, he also spent much time studying botany, animals, and insects. (His prints were widely distributed.)
For whom did Peter Paul Rubens paint?
Rulers and aristocrats.
Describe constructions
Sculptures built not only from traditional materials, but also those made available by modern industrial technology.
Describe assemblages
Sculptures constructed from a variety of ready made parts and materials not originally meant for artwork.
Define modeling
Shaping of a form from a piece of soft, workable material.
What are 2 major features of Baroque architecture?
Size and ornateness.
Describe how Georges Braque's Violin and Palette is a Cubist painting
Still life objects are broken up and recombined into a network of tilted planes or facets.
Which Chinese emperor encouraged the arts and the development of printmaking?
Tai Zong.
What did the philosophers of the Enlightenment believe?
That Science revealed the secrets of nature and improved people's lives.
What did the Dada group determine about art?
That art should have nothing to do with rational thought.
Why did Dutch artists paint still life and other scenes of everyday life and not religious subjects?
The Dutch church saw religious art as a type of idol worship, akin to superstition or magic.
What are 2 reasons there are no human or animal figures in Islamic carpets?
The Islamic aversion to idolatry, and that Islamic artists tended to specialize in the decorative arts, rather than sculpture and painting.
Who developed the corbelled arch and when?
The Maya of Central America in the period c. 400-200 BCE.
Who developed the barrel vault?
The Romans.
Who was the most important patron of the arts in the medieval world?
The church.
In African art, name 3 things on which the style of an object depends
The culture in which it is created, its purpose, or sometimes the whims of the individual artist.
What inspired the Neoclassicism movement in the West during the 18th century?
The discovery and excavation of ruins from the ancient Roman City of Pompeii.
What was Johannes Vermeer particularly skilled at depicting in his paintings?
The effects of light.
What did the Rococo art style reflect?
The lifestyle of the pleasure-seeking aristocracy, or welathy classes.
What is a mosque?
The most significant Islamic architecture, which is the Muslim place of worship.
What are 2 unique features of Gothic architecture?
The pointed arch and flying buttresses.
What period of art do we live in, according to some people who study are and culture?
The postmodern period.
List the 3 hallmarks of the Renaissance art that Michelangelo's Moses contains.
The solid, balances triangular composition, attention to accurate anatomy, and extreme realism.
Claire Zeisler was one of the first artists to explore what in her art?
The three-dimensional possibilities of fiber.
What is batik?
The wax-resist method of dyeing cloth.
What is an advantage of throwing on the wheel instead of using the coil method?
The wheel lets a person make rounded symmetrical forms in much less time than the coil method.
Traditionally, what was the most common kind of relief printing?
The woodcut.
What are hieroglyphics?
The written language of the ancient Egyptians, which is a form of symbolic picture writing.
What types of art are the Dogon well known for?
Their imaginative wood sculptures.
What were the Moche people known for?
Their metallurgy and sun-dried brick pyramids.
Why did the ancient Greeks highly prize physical fitness?
They believed that a well-developed body was beautiful and a reflection of divine beauty.
What does an artist do before constructing a stained glass form?
They make a full-size drawing of a design on paper. (The pattern shapes are cut out and used to guide the cutting of each glass shape.)
What are 3 qualities of the products designed by product and package designers?
They must serve their purpose well, be attractive to consumers, and be economical to manufacture.
What is an important difference between drawing and prints?
Unlike drawings, prints can be reproduced many times.
Why is little known about the North American peoples prior to the 1500s?
Unlike the Maya, they left behind no writing, and few monuments of architecture and sculpture.
Who was the spiritual leader of Der Blaue Reiter?
Wassily Kandinsky.
Describe what industrial designers do
Work to improve the appearance, quality, and safety of manufactures products.
List 4 things developed by the Maya
Writing, a form of arithmetic, a calendar and the corbelled arch.
What was the Sung painting style influenced by?
Zen Buddhism, a Buddhist sect that aims at enlightenment by direct intuition through meditation.
