ART 2300: Test #4 Lecture Notes
George Bingham
an American artist; largely self taught; one of the first major artists to work west of the Mississippi
Salon d'Automne
in 1905 the Fauv movement was born at what event?
Dada
international style during WWI that starts in 1916; anti-art and anti-war movement; movement born in Zurich, Switzerland; the old rules aren't relevant; questioning of what is art?
marcel duchamp
leader of the Dada in New York; a cubist painter that was rejected for not being cubist enough; he had abandoned painting to play professional chess
Paris World Fair (1889)
Who/what commissioned Gustave Eiffel to build the Eiffel Tower?
they opened a French dictionary at a bar
how did they name Dada?
readymade
"found object"; term coined by marcel duchamp; he thought they were the solution to the overproduction of art and the institutionalization of avant gardism; he thought it was rubbish
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (Pablo Picasso) (Cubism)
"the women of avignon street"; this work marked the beginning of cubism, represents a shift from traditional art he learned at the academy; one of the most defining paintings of the 20th century; scene: a brothel in Barcelona's red light district (here prostitution was legal and government-regulated); it shows women waiting to see doctors; just them and a bowl of fruit; there is obvious fragmentation--fusing of objects with background; multiple viewpoints; no perspective; the girls faces look like masks; inspired by Iberian art
The Women of Algiers (Eugene Delacroix) (Romanticism)
3 women and their servant; set in a harem (a circle/group of women in a polygamous household; it's their enclosed private space); protected women, not a brothel; the women look content; vibrant color, exotic, calm mood, sensual, serene
The Disasters of War Series
A print series by Francisco de Goya; events he witnessed from the French invasion
Henry Ossawa Tanner
African American artist; born in 1869 in Pittsburgh; attended the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts; moved to Paris and found tremendous success and international acclaim (there was less bias and racial issues there)
Pavilion of Realism
An exhibition held by Gustave Courbet in response to being rejected from Napoleon's Universal Exposition; it was held in front of the Universal Exposition and featured 40 of his works; people came and paid to see it and it was more popular than the other exhibition that year; this was the first solo exhibition in the history of art
400 million with 50.3 million in fees
CURRENT EVENT: How much did the maybe Leonardo da Vinci painting go for this year?
Ingres
David's most famous student; an eclectic neoclassicist or romantic neoclassicist (up for interpretation); the president of the Royal Academy in France; largely responsible for the institutionalization of neoclassicism (academic art)
Andre Potone
French poet that published a Manifesto on Surrealism; the founder of surrealism
Henri Matisse
leader of the Fauv movement?
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
German Expressionist painter; drafted to WWI and survived but then lived in and out of sanitariums; inspired by Munch, van Gogh, and western art
shot himself in the head
How did van Gogh die in 1890 while at the sanitarium?
The Banjo Lesson by Henry Ossawa Tanner (Realism)
In 1893, this was painted when the artist came home to America to visit his family; a man and grandson having a music lesson (the simple explanation); it's all about the passing down of family tradition; stereotype of blacks as entertainers in America (they have skills tho)
1874
In what year did Manet's career climax?
architecture -you can experience it from the inside and outside
Is the Eiffel Tower sculpture or architecture? why?
The Joy of Life
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon was painted in response to what work
False
T/F. To be considered an academic artist is a great honor.
Pavilion of Realism
The first solo exhibition in the history of art
the invention of the tube
What invention in 1840 allowed artists to start painting outside?
Nighthawks (Edward Hopper) (American Scene)
debuted in 1942 to instant acclaim; purchased for $3,000 for the Institute of Chicago; subject matter: inspired by a restaurant in New York where two streets meet on Greenwich (not a real place though); he created a composition that lacks a narrative; Americana; creates a universal quality (could be anywhere in the world); it's familiar to many; nostalgic; one of the best known paintings of the 20th century; an all night diner with 3 customers and 1 worker; a dark street (late at night); the people could be anyone; everyone is minding their own business; no reference of an entrance; subconsciously represents the loneliness of the city
Gustave Courbet
leader of the realist movement; painted only what he could see; against academic tradition and Romanticism; set an example for later artists with his independence; an innovator with a massive ego
Vincent van Gogh
one of the most influential artists of the 19th century
Matisse-->Gertrude Stein-->Barns Collection
provenance of the Joy of Life?
true
t/f. picasso always stayed true to cubism
Cezanne
who inspired Broque's work?
Burial at Ornans (Gustave Courbet) (Realism)
10 ft x 22 ft; depicts the burial of the artist's great uncle in a small French town; the turning point of French art in the 19th century; death is not romanticized; critics condemned him and the painting; this style and size was usually reserved for religious or heroic scenes; models weren't used for this; this painting had a damaging effect on the romantic style "the burial of romanticism"
The Interior of My Studio... (courbet) (realism)
12 ft x 19 ft; perhaps the longest title in the history of art; one of his most complex works; it was all about self-promotion and propaganda; he's in the center; there are about 30 figures in the work; show society at its best and its worst; there are three sections to the work; left and right are different types of people; left types of people (those that thrive on death, those that exploit society and those that are exploited by society, lay figure hanging on the wall--a tool for art, idea of art being enslaved by rules); right types of people (his friends, art collectors, workers, artists; people that thrive on life); center: him with his tools of the trade, model behind him/the female nude, he is turning his back on her and the academic rules of the female nude; the little boy is the untrained eye/unsophisticated/an emblem of innocence/hope because he is not enslaved by rules; white cat is based on a 16th century proverb that says only a cat can look at a king because cats do what they want; this work was submitted to the Universal Exposition of 1855 that was designed to glorify napoleon III but he was rejected and got pissed; the background seemed unfinished to them
Number 1 (pollock) (abstract expressionism)
5 ft x 8 ft raw industrial paints on a large raw canvas; eliminates all traditional aspects of art making; pollock was sober when he was action painting like this; something intense going on; what's on the canvas is not a picture but an event; meant to be isolated on one wall
A Sunday on La Grande Jatte (Georges Seurat) (Post-impressionism)
6 ft x 10 ft; made from 1884-1886; lots of preparation went into this work; displays the use of complimentary colors; the monkey can display the frivolousness of modern life; it takes a scientific approach to color, lines, and planes; the subject matter is concerned with the industrial revolution at the end of the 19th century; it is a leisure scene of a place where you go to see and be seen
The Joy of Life (le Bonheur de Vivre) (Henri Matisse) (Fauvism)
6 x 8 ft oil on canvas; showed at the Salon d'Automne; bought by Gertrude Stein; portrays a classical theme--nude women in the outdoors; based on a Mediterranean vacation spot; not painted from life, but the inspiration; it's about man, nature, and harmony; shows liberated color; there is pleasure displayed through lines, shape and color; joy balanced with relaxation; meant to bring about joy and pleasure in the painting and viewing process
several million dollars
how much was Red Vineyards at Arles by van Gogh sold for at auction after Anne Bough's death in 1936?
he drank a pint of toxic turpentine he sent it to Rachel, a prostitute that he was in love with and a note that said to guard it carefully
Why did van Gogh cut part of his ear off?
post-impressionism
a blanket term for the work after impressionism; movement that took place during the later part of the 19th century
false -Parisians despised it because it looked unfinished and became the laughing stock of the world
T/F. The Eiffel Tower was regarded as a great and pleasing structure to the French people when it was made.
false
T/F. Van Gogh experienced a lot of success in his lifetime.
Monet
Who always remained true to impressionism?
1) an attempt to dismantle the rules of art (object and space are not different) (no background and object distinction) 2) question rules of perspective 3) a painting is a thing (reality not an illusion)
What are the three key elements of cubism?
light -modern fluorescent light -gives simple shapes beauty -harsh light, no warmth
What did Hopper pay great attention to in Nighthawks?
1) the appearingly unfinished background 2) Victorine's portrayal (she looked too real, too skinny) 3) less chiaroscuro, she looks like she's flattened out 4) the application of the paint 5) they found the subject matter and execution to be vulgar
What did critics object to with Le Dejeuner sur l'Herbe?
The Killers by Hemingway
What is Nighthawks by Hopper inspired by (a work that builds anticipation but nothing ever happens)?
David: neoclassical works are tight and no brushwork is visible Ingres: looser and softer brushwork
What is the main difference between the work of David and Ingres?
impressionism
What movement saw the first generation of artists to paint outdoors?
Le Dejeuner sur l'Herbe (Eduard Manet) (Realism)
What painting marked the birth of modern art and was the most important/defining painting of the 19th century?
The Joy of Life
What was Matisse's largest painting?
it was a monument of the resistance and courage of the Spanish people
What was supposed to be the function of The Execution of the 3rd of May, 1808?
Red Vineyards at Arles (400 francs)
What was the only painting that van Gogh ever sold while alive?
assassination of archduke Franz Ferdinand
What was the straw that broke the camels back when it came to the start of WWI?
Burial at Ornans (Gustave Courbet) (Realism)
What was the turning point of French art in the 19th century? It is considered the "burial of romanticism"
militarism alliance system imperialism nationalism
What were the M-A-I-N causes of WWI (1914-1918)?
Guernica
What work was the centerpiece for the Spanish Pavilion?
different art and ideological approaches both attended Stein's salons and sought her patronage Joy of Life: -pleasure and free women Women of Avignon: -dangerous women; objects of disease and death
What's the feud between Matisse and Picasso all about?
Gertrude Stein
Who bought the Joy of Life originally?
Anne Bough (a friend)
Who bought the only painting van Gogh ever sold?
Monet
Who is famous for his water lilies?
Matisse
Who was Picasso famously an artistic rival to?
King Ferdinand VII of Spain
Who was the patron of The Execution of the 3rd of May, 1808?
Louis Vauxcelles
a critic who saw the Salon d'Automne and said it was like Donatello among "wild beasts/Fauvs"; thus he named the movement
Francisco de Goya
a Spanish artist; court painter to Charles IV of Spain; started young; illness in his forties led him to lose his hearing; mental illness and PTSD; a subjective artist that took it further; he thought that people were stupid and cruel; explored the universal themes of cruelty, greed, stupidity; "only humans have the capacity for self-deception"; a printmaker as well; became a recluse in his later years; he suffered from complete madness
expressionism
a big umbrella term for an art movement that included German expressionism and Fauvism; used to represent the distortion and exaggeration for emotional effect; uses intense color, agitated brushstrokes, and disjointed space; artists depicting things subjectively; it's all about emoting;
American Gothic (Grant Wood ) (Regionalism)
a feature of rural America; caused quite a stir; got the top prize at exhibition; a man and a woman (dentist and sister of artist); often assumed to be a married couple; led to a mixed reaction by Iowans because of the sour faces and harsh look; artist received threats to bash his head and bite his ear off
Berthe Morisot
a female impressionist; the great granddaughter of the Rococo artist Fragonard and she married Manet's brother Eugene; one of the founding members of the impressionist movement; she out-earned most of her male contemporaries and that included Monet; critics were often rude towards her (she was a woman); limited in her subject matter
Orange and Yellow (Rothko) (Abstract Expressionism)
a luminous big block painting by Rothko
avant garde
a military term; artists that had developed new and experimental art
cubism
a movement characterized by "bizarre cubes"; stamps out ambiguity; color on a canvas; line, shape and color; amoral, no meaning; art for the sake of art
German Expressionism
a movement that saw groups emerge like the die Brucke and der Blave Reiter; opposition to academic art; influence from German medieval art; art as the link between the artist and the public; mostly disbanded by 1913
Jupiter and Thetis (Ingres) (Romanticism)
a neoclassical/mythological subject; from Homer's Iliad; Thetis was a mere nymph who was trying to get the attention of Jupiter but he isn't giving her any; she wanted him to spare her son Achilles; contains both subtle and overt elements of eroticism; there's the playing with the beard and the being draped over the thigh; Juno is watching though
The Fountain (marcel duchamp) (dada)
a porcelain urinal on its side with a fake name (1917); "it is art because i say it is"; a readymade; provoked his colleagues; it was rejected from an open exhibition (so basically everyone's a hypocrite and no one knows wtf art is)
Portrait of Madame Matisse (Henri Matisse)
a portrait of the artist's wife; super unflattering; the goal was to create an arrangement of lines, shapes, and color that used fully liberated color; critics hated it
Paul Cezanne
a post-impressionist artist that left a big legacy; he died in 1906 and a huge exhibition was held in Paris in his honor; Pablo Picasso and George Broque attended; he was the artist that inspired cubism
The Street (Ernst Ludwig Kirchner) (German Expressionism/Die Brucke)
a pre-WWI work; everyone pushed to the sides of the composition, no sky, over-crowded, expressionless, distorted figures; color is flat; color palette is acidic; the world is bleak; the little girl's bonnet is flying off her head (the world is going to devour her); not painted from life
Object: Luncheon in Fur (Meret Oppenheim) (Surrealism)
a readymade; the found objects are a cup, saucer, and spoon with fur; the ultimate surrealist object; not an illustration of an idea but the thing itself; it can keep your tea warm; open to interpretation, which is the point of surrealism; got so much criticism for this that she never created again
Neoclassicism
a return to the classical ideals; there is a hierarchy of painting; annual salons were shown that featured it; shows that there are intended messages in art
Salon des Refuses
a salon held in 1863; the annual salon's jury was really harsh that year, and a shift was happening against the Royal Academy's neo-classicism; over half were rejected from it; So, Napoleon III held this salon of those who had been rejected; showed that there was more than one way of making/viewing/critiquing art; got more visitors than the annual salon; it was something new and different that people wanted to see
Salvador Dali
a shock artist; went from Paris to New York; turned to more classical work; considered a "sellout"; led a very short life; popularized surrealism; was extremely candid about his fears, phobias, and issues (daddy issues and erectile dysfunction)
The Castle at La Roche-Guyon (Georges Braque)
a subjective painting, artistic freedom, atmospheric light, soft lines, reality not an illusion; work by Braque
Le Moulin de la Galette (Pierre Renoir) (impressionism)
a true masterpiece of impressionism; shows a Sunday afternoon where Parisians would go and dress up and the classes would mix; an outdoor dance hall; there is mingling, joy, fun, and a sense of community
The Execution of the 3rd of May, 1808 (Francisco de Goya) (Romanticism)
a work by Francisco de Goya; he was an eyewitness to this event; a contemporary history; Napoleon invaded and executed over 100 Spaniards to make an example of the rebels; subject: light and dark, good vs evil, Spaniards vs French troops; there is a seemingly endless row of soldiers; a sublime theme; de Goya recalls this as comparable to Christ's execution; a diagrammatic work; he painted the truth; it was never displayed early on because people thought it was too bloody
Self Portrait with a Bandaged Ear
a work by van Gogh that shows himself post-turpentine drinking cutting ear incident
L.H.O.O.Q. (Marcel Duchamp)
a work of Mona Lisa postcard and pencil; the idea is "look" she has a hot ass; Mona Lisa is about her smile, but he's making it about something else; do we call this destruction or creation?
Saturn Devouring his Child (de Goya) (Romanticism)
a work that features terrible, morbid, fantastical imagery; a work from his black painting period when he went deaf; from de Goya's dining room wall--now in a museum; Saturn feared his kids so much that he ate them; time devours us all is the underlying message; this was a work of expressionism 75 years before expressionism
Jackson Pollock
an American artist; the first ever superstar artist; a household name; got a huge spread in Time in the 1940s; gained infamy; he had some issues (a severe alcoholic with a temper and psychiatric treatment); died relatively young at 1952 by crashing into a tree
Gertrude Stein
an American living in Paris; she held weekly salons for discourse and ideas; her and her brother Leo compiled one of the earliest collections of Modern Art
Surrealism
an art movement that taps into the subconscious part of the mind; new humankind, new social order, new aesthetics; rational thought is repressive of creative thought and imagination; it's holistic toward artistic expression; made up of friends of Freud and his dream theory; produce authentic artistic expression through tapping into the subconscious; realistic and irrational
Paul Goaguin
an established artist that stayed with van Gogh who was struggling; van Gogh looked up to him, but they butted heads; he pushed van Gogh's buttons
Eduard Manet
an innovator, a rebel, middle class, cultured, from Paris, knew his art history well; interested in the modern aspects of life; famous for appropriating old master images and making them modern (tradition and protest combined); his goals were two (1) depict modern life and (2) show that modern life can produce classical subjects worthy of being hung in a museum; believed painting was amoral, simply an arrangement of lines, shapes, and color; "art for the sake of art"
The Persistence of Memory (Salvador Dali) (Surrealism)
an irrational and dream-like work of surrealism; something's off; stillness of landscape with odd objects out of context; forms, time and space distorted; recognizable objects out of context; he was obsessed with the morphology of hard and soft objects
Richter gallery showing
at what exhibition was German Expressionism debuted? few went, there was no published catalog; however it is historically significant
Vincent van Gogh
began as a realist painter; a preacher turned artist; interested in the working class and how they suffered and how they overcame; moved to Arles in France and the Studio of the South where Paul Gauguin was the only one to visit him and played a role in his mental stability; HE CUT OFF HIS EAR (well part of it, his left ear lobe); was sent to St. Remy, a mental hospital; he suffered from acute mania, epilepsy, syphilis, mental illness ran in his family; he had a brain lesion that was made worse by his alcohol, absinthe, and turpentine
Rothko
born in Latvia; Jewish; changed name to Mark; went to Yale and was gonna study engineering or law but was like nah I'll paint; made large scale luminous paintings of big block colors; your meant to be able to meditate on the painting and you can see it vibrate
Eiffel Tower (Gustave Eiffel) (Early Modern Architecture)
built in 1889; an example of cast iron construction; however, most cast iron structures had the frame/skeleton and a covering/skin while this had neither; it stands 1,063 ft tall and has three levels; built for the Paris World Fair; cost 1 million dollars to make (crazy amount of money at the time); highly innovative--showed that metal can be the framework for a large scale structure, an early example of pre-fabrication; first built offsite; it was initially intended to be a temporary structure
The Boating (Gabriele Munter) (German Expressionism)
currently on display in Milwaukee; a group/self portrait; Munter's back is to us--rare--she rows the boat; Kandinsky is standing in the boat; features mostly liberated color; stormy landscape; sense of urgency to the work; has folk art influence; a reverse glass painting; large blocks of color; heavy lines; abstract landscape; sense of tension; she's doing all the work rowing; two interpretations (1) traditional: it's a group/self portrait and she's controlling the boat is responsible for their and the viewer's safety, a storm is brewing; (2) counter: she's in control but she is doing all the work, Kandinsky is standing over everyone else, he's the dominant male standing over her, represents their tumultuous relationship
Realism
doesn't refer to the likeness of something; refers to the subject matter; depicts the truth, the everyday, what they know; not historical, mythological, or heroic; all about the experience of the lower class; occurs at the same time as the industrial revolution
diagrammatic work
easy to read
abstract expressionism
emphasized the portrayal of emotions rather than objects; eliminates everything figurative; preferred large canvases, loose brushwork, and self-expression; a combination of German expressionism with a lack of the figurative
Nurse and Julie (Berthe Morisot) (impressionism)
features Morisot's daughter Julie and her wet nurse; there are aggressive brushstrokes; the nurse's face is almost completely erased; perhaps Morisot was jealous or hurt that she had to have this nurse because her upper/middle class status called for it; a display of motherhood vs mothering
Frida Kahlo
female artist that rejected her surrealist label; Mexican artist; didn't tap into the subconscious like the surrealists and was offended by the group's misogyny; she understood pain (polio, bus crash, 30 surgeries); started painting when she was in a full body cast; understood emotional and physical pain; her and her husband both had affairs, she divorced him because he had an affair with her sister and she remarried him eventually
Gabriele Munter
female painter that Diana is in love with; she moved to Munich and met Kandinsky after US trip; he was married at the time but they had a 15 year relationship; it was both of their's most productive time; he would eventually get divorced; her work in this 15 yr period is largely the only period she's known for; no marriage, no kids, etc. (the typical women things); she didn't write; historians typically mark Kandinsky's remarriage as the end of her career but it wasn't; kandinsky had left his paintings and she didn't give them back and kept them and other blue rider works safe during WWII
regionalism
movement from 1920-50; american realist modern art movement; focus on rural life; shunned urban life; shows love for the people and customs of rural America
Romanticism (in America)
multi-faceted style of art; an attitude/spiritual devotion toward landscape; exploring the landscape of America (different subject manner)
Fur Traders Descending the Missouri (George Bingham) (Romanticism)
oil on canvas (29 in x 36 in); subject matter: dawn is just about to break; reference to trade, settlement, the North/South axis and the issue of race; bear cub-->son of trader--> Frenchman (the fur trader); the title of this work used to be "French Trader and His Half-Breed Son"; the son is mixed, and in 1845, in Bingham's hierarchy of humanity it goes tethered animal<mixed boy<Frenchman
Two Fridas (Frida Kahlo) (Surrealism)
on the left, there is Frida in a traditional dress; on the right there is a more European dress which represents her sister; she was heartbroken
Georges Seurat
one of the forerunners of modern art; one of the first to investigate the science of color and pointilism; he studied at Fine Arts school in Paris; he wanted to reform impressionism
Kandinsky
one of the founding members of the Blue Rider's group, named after this artist's painting; began as an impressionist painter; the father of non-objective art; art to be independent of previous rules; tried to avoid other -isms; forms of inner necessity (abstraction and non-objectivity); Russian, left Germany; while Munter was in Stockholm, he married someone else (FAKE!)
Eugene Delacroix
one of the leading artists of Romanticism; had visited Algiers, Africa and was one of the few white men to ever get access to the harem; filled several sketchbooks and painted when he got back to France; dramatically changed the style (freer technique, the way the artist held the brush is different, more fluidity)
Starry Night
one of the most recognizable paintings of all time
impressionism
overall optical truthfulness; in 1874 a group of artists organized an exhibition; this group didn't conform to the official annual salon; many would say that their work was sketch-like and unfinished; they depicted modernity; their goal was objective recording; it is a movement that leads us toward abstraction and was meant to capture a split moment in time
Guernica (Pablo Picasso) (Cubism)
painted in 1937 in response to the 1936 Spanish civil war; he painted it because he wanted to make a political statement at the Spanish Pavilion at the Universal Exposition in Paris; the bombing of this place was an unprecedented operation between the Italians and the Germans; happened during busy market hours; 22 tons of bombs; everything reduced to symbol, not descriptive, no bombs or planes, just the victims and the horror, chaos and destruction of this event; no depth; cubism for the fragmentation of the picture plane; the symbolism here resists exact interpretation: the women with the child recalls the pieta of mary holding jesus; lantern reminds us of the statue of liberty (destruction of freedom and liberty); warrior in bits (heroic resistance); it is a calculated political message/propaganda that represents the destruction of any war
Starry Night (van Gogh) (Post Impressionism)
painted in St. Remy (a sanitarium) in southern France; not painted from an actual landscape, but the artist's imagination; thick paint and directional brushwork; there is a Cyprus tree in the foreground; represents van Gogh's private wish for death
genre scene
scene of everyday life
Revolution of 1848
spread across Europe, end of Romanticism beginning of realism; food shortage=hunger (literally, emotionally, spiritually); they want to paint modern life; radical socialist politics
Salon d'Automne
started in 1903; salon of autumn; an open exhibition that went against the annual salon; one of the first non-juried, anything goes exhibition
Autumn Effect at Argenteuil (Monet) (Impressionism)
subject: landscape with cityscape in the background; a city along the Seine; shows the reflection of trees in water with magnificent colors
meret oppenheim
surrealist female artist that moved to Paris at age 18 and was accepted by the surrealists there (surprising cause ya know, misogyny); she was bffs with Picasso (it's casual)
true
t/f. an art critic once said that Picasso should kill himself for the shame he brought to the art establishment
true
t/f. picasso was a communist
true
t/f. the first cubist painting may have been considered avant garde, but after that it's all formulaic, almost academic
Fauvism
term for French expressionism; the first movement in the modern period where color reigned supreme; the first avant garde movement of the 20th century; non-naturalistic color; admirers of van Gogh; translated colors into feelings; short-lived movement led by Henri Matisse and disbanded because many of the artists got drafted into WWI; painterly freedom; brass, clumsy style
Summer's Day (Berthe Morisot) (Impressionism)
the execution was intentionally sketch-like; features two women on a summer's day; no outlines, just touches of color
Pablo Picasso
the most important figure in 20th century art; created 22,000 works of art in multiple mediums; he and Broque co-invented cubism; admitted to advanced classes at the Royal Academy in Barcelona at a young age; moved to the south of France in 1947
pointilism
the scientific application of color
Romanticism
the social concern at the time was the industrial revolution of the 19th century; a movement in the arts that rebels against academic tradition and where artists reject strict academic rules; a staunch, individualistic approach to life; expressing deep, intense emotions; a reaction against neoclassicism; artists giving their opinion and painting what they know
Night Cafe (Vincent van Gogh)
this is the setting of van Gogh's first mental break; it represents a place of loneliness and isolation; the perspective of the room goes one way and the pool table reverses the perspective; he uses color to express himself; line, shape, and color create an emotional expression; there are directional brushworks
Monte-Sainte Victorie (Cezanne) (Post-Impressionism)
this painting represents a searing shift from older art to this art for art's sake mentality; depicts a mountain range in southern France; the artist painted this scene over 75 times; it truly was a study of stylistic elements; used thick paint, started with the underpainting (cover in color first), then it follows typical post-impressionist style; he was different because he painted on white canvas and each brushstroke was a cube like shape
The Potato-Eaters (Vincent Van Gogh) (Realism)
this painting shows the de Groot coal mining family eating the same dinner every night of boiled potatoes and tea; they have gnarly, laboring hands; the work is reminiscent of Rembrandt; its like caricatures of the family
Impression Sunrise (Monet)
this work was exhibited in 1874 and gave the impressionist movement its name; used short, broken brush strokes, pure, unblended color, and emphasized the effects of light; broken color, didn't really use greys or neutrals, loose brushwork shows spontaneity, it was ultimately a carefully constructed composition
Le Dejeuner sur l'Herbe (Eduard Manet) (Realism)
translates to Luncheon on the Grass; a park in a suburb of Paris; on the right you see his brother in law Gustave and then his favorite model Victorine Laurent is featured; on the left we see their friend; it is a parody of the Venetian Renaissance painting with women at the well (he wanted to shock his audience); it seems very sketch-like and preliminary; this work was submitted to the annual salon and was rejected; the jury was very harsh that year though
liberated color
using color in a non-naturalistic way (ex: red sky instead of blue)
Georges Braque
was an impressionist painter, then a Fauv, then a cubism painter; different than Picasso who was larger than life; extremely conservative and introverted man; while he is considered a co-collaborator of cubism, he and Picasso both claim they did it independently; he was influenced by Cezanne
Francisco de Goya
what artist had a house when they were being reclusive that was covered in paintings meant for their eyes only?
syphilis
what disease did Picasso suffer from?
russian: yes yes 1st baby syllable french: hobbyhorse
what does dada mean?
context he believed that you had to take something out of its normal context context is fundamental to the meaning of art the idea, not the object is the work of art
what element of art did Duchamp focus on re-evaluating?
drip paintings
what is jackson pollock most famous for?
regionalism -rural America american scene -urban themes
what is the difference between regionalism and american scene?
pleasure
what is the function of the Joy of Life?
expressionism
what movement led to the avant garde movement?
the Cyprus tree
what object from Starry Night does this describe: often found in graveyards as gravemarkers
Le Dejeuner sur l'Herbe
what painting with its fusing of classical composition with a looser technique and contemporary subjects made way for impressionism?
Picasso and Broque
what two painters invented cubism?
regionalist
what type of paintings did Pollock originally make?
American Gothic
what work is the primary example of regionalism?
impressionism -reliant on objective observation: capturing split moments in time expressionism -more subjective
what's the difference between impressionism and expressionism?
Guernica
where was the first blitzkrieg attempt?
The Boating
which work of Munter's reverses the male gaze? -women are typically treated simply as objects to be objectified --especially the female nude -now Kandinsky is the object
Louis Vauxcelles
who coined the term cubism? described a George Broque painting as "bizarre cubes"
Paul Cezanne
who inspired cubism?
van Gogh
who is the epitome of the struggling artist?
the director of the Art Institute in Chicago
who purchased Nighthawks?
Louis Leroy
who referred to Impression Sunrise as "a mere impression not a finished work" thus naming the impressionist movement?
Diego Rivera
who was Frida Kahlo's first and second husband?
Gustave Courbet
who was the leader of the realist movement?
Bicycle Wheel by Duchamp
wooden stool and bicycle wheel; now it looks like something else; new context, new meaning
