Art Appreciation Exam Review Chps 1-3
Explain the term "trompe-l'oeil."
literally meaning "fool of the eye", the term describes a piece of illusionistic art designed to trick the eye
What cultural conventions did Robert Mapplethorpe challenge in his photographic portrait of female bodybuilder, Lisa Lyon?
the traditional representation of the female nude
On what basis did a Cincinnati jury acquit the Cincinnati contemporary arts center and its director of obscenity in showing an exhibition of Robert Mapplethorpe's work
the work possessed "serious artistic value"
In a work of art, "content" refers to
What the work expresses or means
The title of Willem de Kooning's "North Atlantic Light" refers to
the feeling of light in the painting
Why are images traditionally frowned on in Islamic Art?
The word can be trusted in a way that images cannot.
The less representation resembles the real World, the more it is considered
Abstract
What might have affected Pablo Picasso's severe style of representation seen in The Women of Avignon?
African masks he saw at a Paris museum
What female types does Mickalene Thomas's Portrait of Mnonja evoke?
African-American superstar divas of the 1970's
PUGET sound on the Pacific coast was painted by
Albert Bierstadt
The Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh indicates the power of the artist's
Expressive line
How is Wolf Kahn's "Afterglow I" comparable to Willem de Kooning's "North Atlantic Light"?
Both paintings are largely concerned with the effects of light
Compare and contrast the use of line the works of Vincent Van Gogh and Sol LeWitt
Both use line that is autographic, that is, recognizably their own. Van Gogh's line is loose free, expensive and energetic, applied with thick bold strokes of impasto. In paintings such as The Starry Night, Van Gogh expressed deeps emotions that he described as almost a cry of anguish. Le Witt's expresses a different personality. In works such as Wall Drawing No. 681 C, his line is precise, controlled, mathematical, and rationally organized
In Rembrandt van Rijn's The Three Crosses, how did the artist create a darkening landscape as the eve moves away from the crucified Christ?
By increasing the density of the lines
The imagery in Faith Ringgold's God Bless America was inspired by the:
Civil Rights movement in the 1960s.
What did Kenneth Clark not recognize about a carved mask from the same tribe of GABON in west Africa
Clark surmised that the mask was a symbol of fear and darkness. He didn't recognize the ritual function of the mask that affects its features. The masks were worn in celebratory ceremonies as vehicles through which the spirit world became accessible, and its features were exaggerated to separate it from the "real"
How does the use of line in Eugene Delacroix's The Death of Sardanapalus differ from David's Death of Socrates
Delacroix's painting, an emotional work of an exotic, passionate subject, differs from the stable, precise Death of Socrates in that it has a diagonal recession rather than horizontal and vertical lines and it lacks a grid
Discuss the creative process of Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon. What transformations took place in the early sketches and how does the final product differ from the artist's initial sketch? In the treason of images, the artist combines awareness, creativity, and communication by encouraging the viewer to look closely at an object. The artist is
Early sketches showed that Picasso began the painting as a narrative scene of a brothel, including a sailor and medical student as well as the five nude women. After a visit to the Palias du Trocadero, where he saw African mask, he transformed the faces of three prostitutes into African mask. The mask freed him from accurate representation. As he worked, Picasso developed the figures into twisted views, seen from various points of view simultaneously. Picassos drawings show the many changes in the evolution of the squatting figure who is seen from the front and the back at the same time.
What kind of reading does Kenneth Clarke illustrate in his assessment that an ancient Greek statue represents a "higher state of civilization "then a west African mask
Ethnocentric
Define the terms "form" and "content."
Form is the overall structure of the work, including the materials used to make it. it's various formal elements, and the way the elements are organized into a composition. Content is what the work of art expresses or means form can also suggest meaning
In Pat Steir's The Brueghel Series: A Vanitas of Style, a series of sixty-four separate panels are held together by what category of line?
Gridlines
What are the main themes of Vincent Van Gogh's Starry Night, and what motifs does he use to portray these themes?
He deals with themes of life and death - the town and the heavens- connecting them with motifs of stars, a cypress, and the church spire
What period of time and place does Manet depict in Olympia?
He depicts Parisian modern life in the 1860s
What aspects of George Green's ... marooned in dreaming: a path of song and mud is characteristic of Abstract Illusionism?
He paints onto a sheet of raw birch an illusionistic frame and mat, a painted frame and seascape, and an overlay of scrolls of color, Globes of wood, and snapshots of landscape, in a trompe-l'oeil effect
In the 16th century, the Ghent altarpiece, which represents the divine, was threatened by
Iconoclasts
Jan van Eyck's Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife Giovanna Cenami depicts many objects that have symbolic meaning. the use or study of these symbols is called
Iconography
Jan van Eyck's Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife Giovanna Cenami, like Rene Magritte's The Treason Of Images, is concerned with
Images that are literally what they appear to be
How does Cherie Samba's Calvary use line to draw a parallel between the paint and Christ?
Implied lines are over the artist, connecting him with the soldier's imminent whipping
Use examples from the chapter to illustrate how artworks featuring the American flag can have different meanings
In flag, Jasper Johns represented the US flag with lumps and smears asking viewers to consider the work as a painting and to contemplate it's meaning. Johns created this work during a time of patriotism during the Cold War. Faith Ringgold god bless America is a comment on bigotry. She painted at a time that white prejudice was supported by the legal system. She represents the star of the US flag as a sheriff's badge, the stripes as prison bars, and the woman behind the bar is as a prisoner of her bigotry.
The Triumphal Entry Page from the SHAHNAMAH manuscript, a sacred text, exemplifies the preference of word over image in
Islamic Art
What is the subject matter of Shirin Neshat's Rebellious Silence?
It depicts a Muslim woman in a black chador , a rifle dividing, and Farsi text inscribed over her face
Jacques-Louis David's Thea Death of Socrates is set up in a system of right angles on a grid structure. How does this affect the content of the piece?
It reiterates the rationality of Socrates' actions
How did Michelangelo's David become a political?
It was placed in Florence's government square as a symbol of the Republic's freedom from the Medici family.
SAMO is a name adopted by
Jean- Michael Basquiat
Yoshitomo Mars's dead flower contrasts its menacing subject with the use of a heavy outline associated with
Juvenile style of language
While in prison, Howling Wolf made many drawings called
Ledger drawings
We know about Vincent Van Gogh's thoughts on his work The Sower from
Letters he wrote
Titian's Assumption and Consecration of the Virgin demonstrates the power of
Lines of sight
Dunhuang is the site of a great collection of early Chinese art that fills the
Mogao Caves
The symbolic hand gestures that refer to specific states of mind or events in the life of Buddha are called
Mudra
Hung Liu's Relic 12 juxtaposes an image of a Chinese courtesan with the characters for "female" and "Nu-Wa" in a red box in the middle of the canvas. who is Nu-Wa, and how do Hung Liu's lines work together to depict her?
Nu-Wa is the Chinese creation goddess, who is worshipped as the intermediary between men and women, the giver of children, and the inventor of marriage. To create humans, she began molding each one individually. That because tedious so she dipped a rope in mud and swung it, covering the earth with lumps of mud. The handmade figurines became the wealthy and noble; those that arose from that poor common. Hung Liu uses different lines, both gestural and controlled, dropped and carefully drawn, to imply the full story of creation
What material was used by Chris Ofili for the Holy Virgin Mary that created great controversy when it was exhibited at what museum in the United States? Why was the painting called "an attack on religion itself"?
Ofili used elephant dung covered with resin, which caused an outrage when the painting was exhibited at the Brooklyn Museum. This material was used to depict a religious subject, The Virgin Mary.
When the painting is so real it appears to be a photograph, it is called
Photorealistic
When a work does not refer to the natural or objective world at all, it is called
Representational
The terms "Naturalistic art" or "Realistic art" are sometimes used to describe
Representational art
Give an example from the textbook of an artwork used for political purposes
Richard Serra intended Tilted Arc to be confrontational and political. He questioned political power by showing the arc dicing the Federal Plaza, as he believed Americans were divided from their govt. The arc cast a dark ominous shadow. Serra considered tilted arc destroyed when it was removed from Federal Plaza. He considered the work site specific design to have a dialogue with its site
How are Rembrandt's Three Crosses and Vincent van Gogh's The Starry Night similar?
They both use expressive line to convey emotion.
Jean-Michel Basquiat's painting Charles the First is filled with personal, ambiguous imagery that the artist summed up as "royalty, heroism, and the streets." Cite some motifs that illustrate each of these concepts, in positive or negative ways, in the painting.
Royalty: Basquiat uses the crown as a symbol of personal success and of the success of African-American heroes such as jazz musicians and athletes. Also, the title Charles the first refers to King Charles the first who was beheaded by protestants, and the panels are inscribed with the phrase "most kids get their head cut off." Heroism: he refers to heroes and by repeating the letter "S", referring to the comic book superhero superman. The "S", sometimes lines are crossed out, can also refer to dollar signs and the price of success. He paints the letters X-MN to refer to the X-Men comic book heroes who protect the world that hates them, drawing an analogy with his African American heroes. The streets: The "X" also refers to a hobo sign, marks hobos leave, such as graffiti to inform other hobos about places. The X hobo sign means "OK, all right." The X can also stand for negation.
Hung Liu studied and taught painting with a strict classical line that is associated with what style?
Russian Social Realism.
What type of line did Hung Liu day was closer to real Chinese traditions than her training in the Russian Social Realist style?
She said that the drip technique is closer to the real Chinese traditions of landscape painters and calligraphers than that of the Russian Social Realist. Style in which she was trained
Conventionally, vertical and horizontal geometries have been identified with which form of human anatomy? Give an example.
Strong vertical and horizontal lines have been associated with male form, David's death of Socrates
Kazmir Malevich called his art
Suprematism
Why were images in religious settings destroyed in sixteenth-century northern Europe?
The 10 commandments forbid images
In Jan van Eyck's Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife Giovanna Cenami, what abstract concepts does the dog symbolize?
The dog symbolizes Faith in the context of marriage or betrothal, indicating that this couple pledge to remain faithful to each other, the dog might also symbolize that the men and women are faithful in their religious beliefs
Explain the concept of dreaming and Australian aboriginal culture, as in old Mc TJKAMARRA's honey ant dreaming
The dreamy is the presence or the mark of an ancestral being in the world. TJKAMARRA' S honey ant dreaming represents a landscape according to the idea that the ancestral being can be revealed in the landscape.
In Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife Giovanna Cenami, what does the mirror reflect?
The mirror reflects the backs of the subjects and standing in the same space as the viewer, or two other figures, one of whom is most likely the artist
Identify the four roles that artists play that have not changed over time cite examples for each from chapter 1
They make a visual record of people places and events such as Mickalene Thomas had done in Portrait of Mnonja. They help us see the world in new ways, as Ken Gonzalez-Day has done in "At daylight the miserable man was carried to an oak..." they make functional objects and buildings pleasurable and imbue them with meaning, as Renzo Piano has done in the Jean Marie Tjibaou Cultural Center. They give form to the immaterial as Jan van Eyck has done in the ghent altarpiece.
Objects that are intended to stimulate a sense of beauty in the viewer are thought to be not merely functional but
aesthetic
How is Sol LeWitt's line in Wall Drawing No. 681 C best described?
analytic
Sayre states that he believes that all people are creative, but artists possess qualities that most don't. Which of the following best describes these qualities?
artists are critical thinkers, meaning they question assumptions and explore new directions
When a style of line becomes associated as an artist's work, we say it is
autographic
What is the chief form of Islamic art
calligraphy
Hung Liu's paintings, such as Three Fujins, rely on contrasts between two very important elements
carefully drawn structural lines and uncontrolled drip lines
Lines that form the outer edge of a three-dimensional shape and suggest its volume are called
contour lines
Lines that are loose and free-form are called
gestural lines
How did Kenneth Clark know of the African dancing mask he disparaged in his television series and book Civilization?
he owned it
Jasper Johns chose to paint his image of the American flag to express:
his proclivity for things seen but not examined
Wenda Gu creates calligraphy using
human hair
Van Gogh builds up his lines in thick, bold strokes that possess an almost structural quality known as
impasto
Lines that create a sense of movement and direction are called
implied lines
What is the function of the nkisi nkonde figure?
it pursued wrongdoers at night and punished them when nails were driven into it
Painter Richard Haas improved the unappealing façade of the Oregon Historical Society by
painting a tromp-l'oeil mural on it
According to Sayre what are the three steps in the process of "seeing"?
reception, extraction, inference
We can clearly see the artistic impulse to "give form to the immaterial," to represent hidden or universal truths, spiritual forces, and personal feelings in:
religious art
Naturalism is a brand of representation in which the artist
retains realistic elements but presents the world from a personal or subjective point of view
Renzo Piano's Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Center is an example of "green architecture." Such buildings are praised for their:
self-sufficiency
The painting The Treason of Images asks us to consider
that images and words refer to things that we see, but are not the things themselves
Name some determinants of the monetary value of a work of art
the art market depends on the patronage and investment of wealthy clients and on art galleries selling the art to those clients. the value of a given work depends on the artist's reputation, with monetary value being clearly established at auction houses.
Beatriz Milhazes' Carambola is based on ___________.
the shapes, forms, and bright colors of Brazilian culture
The mission of the National Endowment of the arts, as defined when it was first funded by Congress in 1967, was
to teach the public how to see and appreciate "advanced art."
