Art History exam 3
Which of the manuscript illuminations below is the best example of Carolingian interest in the art and culture of Ancient Rome?
A
Which of these interiors is best described by the term "Gothic"?
A
Which of these two sculptures is best described by the term "Romanesque"?
A
How did the people of Chartres interpret the fire that burned their cathedral in 1194?
As a sign that the Virgin Mary wanted them to build a more glorious cathedral
Which of the following is true of the figure pointed out by the red arrow? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.
He is Abbot Wedricus (the man who commissioned the manuscript) c He holds an inkwell in which the Evangelist dips his quill
Which of the following is true of this work? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.
It shows the appearance of a strange star (actually a comet) in the sky b It is a small section of a long embroidered textile c It shows King Harold being told of the strange star's appearance
Which of the following features of this sculpture reflects the interest of the Carolingian rulers in Roman culture?
a Its iconography
Thanks to the efforts of Charlemagne and his scholars, many classical Latin texts are preserved only in copies made during the Carolingian period.
a True
The process of bringing stories from the Old Testament into juxtaposition with those from the New Testament, as seen on the bronze doors of St. Michael's in Hildesheim, is called [blank].
a typology
Which of the following motivated Abbot Suger to rebuild and expand the Abbey Church of Saint-Denis? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.
a Because of its connections to Charlemagne a new church aggrandized the French kings c Saint-Denis is the patron saint of France and Suger wanted a church to reflect that status
What are some of the structural advantages of the ribbed groin vault? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.
a It is easier to construct and requires less centering than a groin vault without ribs b The diagonal ribs carry much of the load making the panels between the ribs lighter c The ribs can be positioned so that the vault covers complex shapes
Which of the following is true of the figure pointed out by the red arrows? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses
a It is most likely a portrait of Jeanne d'Evreux (the book's owner) b The figure is rendered in grisaille c She is reading a book that is the same type as this book (book of hours) d She is positioned inside the space created by a large capital letter
In the wall painting The Consecration of the Tabernacle and its Priests (from the synagogue at Dura-Europos), the tabernacle, which is understood from Biblical descriptions to have been a tent-like structure, is depicted as [blank].
a Roman temple
A highly skilled builder who worked with the precisely cut blocks of stone used in the construction of Gothic cathedrals is known as [blank].
a freemason
Which of the following is true about the medium of glass mosaic? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.
a- Early Christians understood its glittering surface as a metaphor for the difference between the earthly and heavenly realms b- gold tiles were created by sandwiching thin sheets of gold between layers of clear glass d- colored tiles were created by adding metallic oxides to clear glass
Which of the following properties made gold a prized material for metalwork? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.
a- It does not tarnish or rust b- It has an aesthetically pleasing yellow glow c- Its chemical properties make it highly versatile
Which of the following is true of this plan? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.
a- It is a model or ideal plan and not an actual monastery c- The proportions of the plan are organized on a standard measurement (module)
The Palace Chapel in Aachen is modeled on San Vitale in Ravenna. Why was it an appropriate inspiration for Charlemagne and Odo of Metz? Multiple answers:
a- Ravenna was ruled by Justinian (a Christian emperor) b- Ravenna was a satellite to Constantinople much like Aachen was to Rome c- The Byzantine architectural style provided appropriate grandeur
Which of the following is true of this mosaic? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.
a- The shield is emblazoned with the chi rho b- Emperor Justinian carries bread to the altar d- Emperor Justinian's twelve companions are meant to evoke the twelve apostles e- Emperor Justinian's purple robe associates him visually with Christ in a nearby image
Early Christians built their first churches according to the plan of the Roman basilica because [blank]. Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.
a- it was a secular building not tainted by an association with pagan religious rituals c- the longitudinal form lent itself to religious processions d- the apse provided a focal point for the altar
Which of the following is true of Hagia Sophia? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.
a-It was built to replace a Constantinian church destroyed in anti-imperial riots b-Its original dome collapsed in an earthquake in 558 CE c-The base of the dome is ringed with windows making it appear to float
This object has been decorated using a technique called [blank] where a sulfur alloy is set into depressions in the metal and heated, resulting in a black surface that accentuates the surrounding gold.
a-niello
Which of the following is true of this mosaic? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.
aIt represents Christ as the Good Shepherd cIt is made up of thousands of glass tiles called tesserae
Why is the Good Shepherd in the mosaic at the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia in Ravenna shown with a halo and gold robes and a purple scarf?
b Because Early Christian art adopted and adapted pagan motifs associated with rulership
Why were archaeologists surprised to find a synagogue in Dura-Europos (Syria) with extensive figural paintings?
b Because the Hebrew Bible contains an explicit ban on religious imagery
Charlemagne presided over an effort that consciously sought to emulate the culture and rule of Christian Roman emperors like Constantine called [blank].
b renovatio imperii romani
Why does the garment of Empress Theodora in the mosaic at San Vitale in Ravenna represent the three magi on its hem?
b- Because the three magi are an important prototype for patrons of religious art
The illumination on the lower edge of this manuscript page represents the actions of the [blank].
b-Iconoclasts
The black, teeth-like features along the edges of this building's plan (pointed out by the red arrows) mark the locations of the church's [blank].
buttresses
he thin strips of lead used to join the individual pieces of colored glass in Gothic stained glass windows are called [blank].
cames
These solid masonry supports with projecting pilasters attached to their faces are called [blank].
compound piers
This complex, interwoven patterning on the surface of this object is called [blank].
d animal style
This image was painted by mixing pigments with heated wax, a technique known as [blank].
d- encaustic
The stretched and scraped animal hide used to produce manuscript pages is called [blank].
d- parchment
The dome of Hagia Sophia springs from spherical triangles called [blank].
d- pendentives
This object has been decorated with a technique called [blank], where metal strips attached to a baseplate enclose fields made of colored glass or gemstones.
d-cloissoné
The fanciful marginal designs often found in Northern Gothic manuscripts are known as [blank].
drôleries
Although it was built to house precious relics from Christ's crucifixion purchased by Louis IX, the cost of building Sainte-Chapelle was much greater than what Louis IX paid for the relics themselves.
false
Early Christians conducted religious rituals in the catacombs in Rome.
false
In the Middle Ages, it was common for ferrymen to take religious pilgrims across rivers without charging them a fare.
false
The architectural feature between the red arrows on this slide is called [blank].
flying buttress
The four stylized figures represented on the side and lid of this object are symbols of the [blank].
four evangelists (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John)
These sculptures are generally referred to as [blank] figures because they appear on that part of the portal.
jamb
Which of the ingredients below was used in the medieval period to give stained glass its color?
metal oxides
The central aisle of a basilica is known as [blank].
nave
The Gothic style of architecture first appears in the region around [blank].
paris
Which image below is best described by the term "pilgrimage plan"?
plan a
A container designed to hold the remains of a saint or an artifact that came into contact with Christ or the Virgin Mary is called a(n) [blank].
reliquary
The architectural feature indicated by the red arrows on this slide is called a [blank].
rib
The prized relic owned by Chartres Cathedral was a tunic worn by [blank].
the Virgin Mary
Which of the following helps to explain the increase in the construction of large churches in the Romanesque period? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses.
the population of these towns was increasing More people were going on pilgrimages to see precious relics throughout Europe An increase in religious devotion after the passing of the first millennium.
Abbot Suger's incorporation of large expanses of stained glass decoration in the construction of his abbey church has been linked to his desire to create a space inside the church that existed somewhere between the earthly and the heavenly realms.
true
Early Christian imagery, such as the ceiling painting from the catacomb of SS Pietro e Marcellino, frequently used motifs familiar to both pagans and Jews to illustrate Christian concepts.
true
In its own time, the style of architecture we call Gothic was referred to as opus modernum (modern work) or opus francigenum (French work).
true
One reason why Christians began to decorate copies of the New Testament gospels was because they understood the book to be a sacred object that contained the word of the divine, and they thought that the aesthetics of the book should reflect its spiritual importance.
true
That the wall paintings in the synagogue at Dura-Europos don't contain representations of God suggests that these people interpreted the ban on images in the Bible not to be a ban on all figurative imagery, but only images of the divine, which could be misconstrued as idols.
true
The builders of this structure kept the external buttressing from projecting too far outwards in order to maximize the amount of direct sunlight hitting the stained glass.
true
The contrast between the simple exterior of this structure and its ornate interior has been interpreted as a metaphor for the ideal Christian, who should be simple in external appearance, but glorious in inner spirit.
true
The shift in the objective of Christian pilgrimages away from sites in the Holy Land to places in Europe that held relics of the saints and martyrs of the church was due in part to the fact that the Holy Land was under Muslim control and therefore inhospitable to Christian travelers.
true
The part of a typical Romaneseque or Gothic portal shown here inside the red line is called the [blank].
tympanum
