Art history test 2 fall semester
Why do scholars no longer believe that this work was made during the Etruscan period? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses. Multiple answers:You can select more than one option A. It was cast in a single piece B. It was cast in several pieces and soldered together C. Radiocarbon dating suggests it was made between the 8th and 14th centuries
A and C
Much of the relief sculpture from the Parthenon (Akropolis, Athens, 447-432 BCE) is in poor condition because [blank]. Be sure to mark ALL correct responses. A. The sculptures were vandalized when the Parthenon was converted into a Christian church B. The Parthenon was hit by cannon fire during a war in the 17th century C. The Persians vandalized the sculptures when they conquered Athens D. Angry members of the Delian League attacked the Parthenon
A and B
The ancient Romans used the basilica for [blank]. Be sure to mark ALL correct responses. A. a place to settle legal disputes B. worship of their most important gods C. public meeting places
A and C
Early examples of Roman portrait sculpture, such as this one, emphasized physical features associated with aging because [blank]. A. Romans valued them as examples of maturity and wisdom B. Romans wanted to denigrate them as examples of senility and decline
A
In our class discussion, we evaluated the level of naturalism between the Egyptian sculpture of Menkaure and the Greek sculpture of the New York Kouros. Which was more naturalistic? A. Menkaure B. New York Kouros
A
Scholars have linked the Roman practice of displaying busts of ancestors within the home to Roman funeral rituals where family members wore masks of deceased ancestors. A. True B. False
A
The ancient Romans developed a type of concrete that hardened underwater. A. True B. False
A
The art of soldering fine gold wires onto a gold background to make decorative patterns, as shown on the top of this head, is called [blank]. A. filigree B. entasis C. granulation
A
The swelling and tapering of a column shaft, a feature commonly found in Greek temples, is called [blank]. A. entasis B. echinus C. trilithon D. enneastyle
A
The technique of rendering the wheel of this chariot as an oval to make it appear as though it is positioned at an angle in three-dimensional space is called [blank]. A. foreshortening B. entasis C. shading D. contrapposto
A
This part of a Roman house, the entrance hall that housed the shallow pool used to collect rainwater, is called [blank]. A. atrium B. tablinum C. impluvium D. cubiculum
A
What caused the destruction of the Roman town of Pompeii in 79 CE? A. volcanic eruption B. typhoon C. invading army of Ostrogoths D. tsunami
A
What was the principal source of revenue that funded large and opulent urban interventions like the Forum of Trajan? A. Wealth seized from conquered lands and peoples B. Wealth generated through extensive trade with other ancient civilizations
A
When building on flat ground, the Etruscans organized their towns into a [blank]. A. grid of four quadrants formed by two intersecting streets B. a series of concentric rings
A
Which of the temples below is the best example of "syncretism"? A. A B. B C. C
A
Who was Vitruvius? A. Ancient Roman author of a treatise on architecture B. Husband of Athena C. Commander of the Delian League
A
Many of the items found in Etruscan tombs have been interpreted as reflections of [blank]. Be sure to mark all correct responses. A. the social status and wealth of the deceased B. the sex (male or female) of the deceased
A and B
What are the main sources of information for ancient Greek art? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses. A. Greek literature that discusses art B. Surviving examples of ancient Greek art C. Roman copies of lost examples of ancient Greek art
A, B and C
Which of the following is true of the dolphin and Cupid on this sculpture? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses. A. It acts as a support to strengthen the sculpture at the ankles B. Cupid refers to the emperor's claim to be descended from Venus C. The dolphin evokes the Emperor's naval victory over his enemies
A, B and C
Which of the following is true of this vessel? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses. A. It represents two soldiers playing a game between battles B. It is best described as black-figured style C. It includes inscriptions identifying the figures
A, B and C
Which of the following techniques were used to lighten the dome of the Pantheon? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses. A. Changing the aggregate from heavy to light material as the dome reached its apex B. Making the shell of the dome thinner as it reached its apex C. Using a series of coffers to reduce the overall mass of the dome
A, B and C
Why did the ancient Greeks embrace and create representations of the nude male figure? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses. Multiple answers:You can select more than one option A. The nude figure played an important role in Greek religious and athletic traditions B. The nude figure was associated with glory and triumph C. The Greeks saw physical beauty as an index of moral excellence D .The nude figure was associated with shame and disgrace
A, B and C
Which of the following is true of ancient bronze sculpture? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses. A. The sculptures are usually hollow B. The sculptures are cast in pieces and soldered together C. They are rare because bronze was valuable and easily repurposed D. They have greater tensile strength than stone sculptures
A, B, C and D
Which of the following is true of the Colosseum in Rome? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses. A. Many of its vaults are made of concrete B. It has eighty different entrance/exit points C. It has been damaged by earthquakes D. It has been damaged by people looting material from it
A, B, C and D
Which of the following is true of the relief panels in the Arch of Titus (ca. 81 CE)? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses. A. They bulge out slightly in the middle B. They represent soldiers carrying the spoils from the Temple in Jerusalem C. They show Titus being crowned by a personification of victory D. They were heavily damaged during the Middle Ages
A, B, C and D
Which of the following is true of the imagery on the Ara Pacis Augustae? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses. A. The processional frieze is indebted to Greek examples B. All of the relief sculpture has survived completely intact. C. It emphasizes the peace and prosperity of Augustus' reign D. The inclusion of family and children reflects Augustus's concern with morals
A, C and D
Which of the following is true of this work? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses. A. It commemorates the victories of a naval commander named Eudamos B. The radical extension of the wings is possible thanks to the use of cast bronze C. The carving of the drapery conveys a sense of motion D. It was found in its original site on a terrace overlooking the sea
A, C and D
"Syncretism" is a term that describes the way that the Romans [blank]. A. rejected influences from the cultures that they conquered B. adopted and adapted influences from the cultures that they conquered C. used concrete to make large structures
B
Ancient Greek sculptures were carved from white marble and left unpainted in order to accentuate the human form. A. True B. False
B
Archaeological discoveries have shown that Etruscan tombs are all very similar and follow a standard model. A. true B. false
B
How was this vessel used? A. It was used to mix water and wine before serving B. It was used as a funerary marker
B
In general terms, what do the metopes on the Parthenon represent? A. Famous military victories from Athenian history B. The struggle between the forces of barbarism and civilization
B
The cella of an ancient Greek temple was where [blank]. A. the most sacred rituals took place B. the cult statue of the deity was housed C. priests lived
B
The columns on the porch of this structure are made of female figures. What do they represent? A. The noblewomen of Athens who dedicated themselves to Athena B. The wives of a traitorous city-state that allied itself with the Persians C. The girls who annually wove a new garment for the cult statue of Athena
B
The four columns forming the portico of this temple belong to which order? A. Doric B. Ionic C. Corinthian
B
The material (usually pieces of stone or brick) mixed with mortar to make concrete is called [blank]. A. centering B. aggregate C. granulation D. coffering
B
The temporary structure that holds a vault or an arch in place during construction is called [blank]. A. voussoir B. centering C. keystone D. echinus
B
This metope from the south side of the Parthenon represents a battle between a Lapith and a Centaur. Why were the two factions fighting? A. The Lapiths had been caught stealing land from the Centaurs B. The Centaurs were attempting to abduct the Lapith women from a wedding ceremony C. The Lapiths were attempting to steal the cult statue from the Centaurs' temple D. The Centaurs had been insulted by the king of the Lapiths who called them beasts
B
This style of Roman wall painting is best described as [blank]. A. First (Incrustation) Style B. Second (Architectural) Style C. Third (Ornate) Style D. Fourth (Intricate) Style
B
What does the extended arm with the palm facing down signify on this sculpture? A. The issuing of a command to a (now lost) commander in the heat of battle B. The granting of clemency to a (now lost) defeated enemy C. The emperor appointing a (now lost) successor to the throne
B
What does this sculpture represent? A. Four brothers conspiring against each other B. Four co-rulers of the Roman Empire (the tetrarchs) C. Four of Christ's followers (apostles)
B
Which classical order is characterized by a capital that features volutes? A. Doric B. Ionic C. Corinthian
B
Which element of the Temple of Portunus was adopted from Greek architecture? A. The high podium B. The Ionic columns C. The axial approach
B
Which of the following is true of the Colosseum in Rome? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses. A. It was the site of mass executions of Christians B. It was built on a portion of the Emperor Nero's vast personal palace complex C. It gets its name from a now lost colossal sculpture that stood nearby
B an C
Which of the following are considered to be optical refinements introduced into the design of the Parthenon? Be sure to mark ALL correct responses. A. Every column stands perfectly vertical B. Every column leans slightly toward the cella C. Every column is evenly spaced D. The columns at the corners have narrower spacing than the rest
B and D
A typical Etruscan temple was built from [blank]. A. concrete B. marble C. wood and mud brick
C
How did Athena best Poseidon in the contest for the devotion of the Athenians? A. She beat Poseidon in battle and broke his trident B. She gave the Athenians an unfailing spring of freshwater C. She gave the Athenians an olive tree that would forever bear fruit
C
Please identify the structure below. A. barrel vault B. centering C. groin vault D. stylobate
C
The capital of the Corinthian order is characterized by what feature? A. A scroll-like element called a volute B. A cushion-like block called an echinus C. A foliate (or leaf-like) element meant to resemble the acanthus plant
C
The form of this vessel is best described as a [blank]. A. kylix B. krater C. amphora
C
The hole at the crown of the dome in this structure is called [blank]. A. impluvium B. clerestory C. oculus D. coffer
C
This reconstruction shows that this sculpture was originally decorated with paint. This technique is called [blank]. A. contrapposto B. pozzolana C. polychrome D. triglyph
C
What does the scene on the breastplate of the Augustus of Primaporta represent? A. Augustus crowned as emperor of Rome by the Senate B. Augustus being named the sole heir of Julius Caesar C. The return of the Roman standards from the Parthians D. Augustus' decisive naval victory over his enemies
C
When Horace wrote that "Greece, having been conquered, conquered her wild conqueror [Rome]," what did he mean? A. That the Greeks rebelled against the Romans and gained independence B. That Greek politicians infiltrated and took over the Roman Senate C. That Greek art and culture captured the minds of the Romans
C
A wedge-shaped piece of stone used to build an arch is called [blank]. A. groin B. volute C. metope D. voussoir
D
During the Middle Ages, the equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius was not melted down because [blank]. A. of his reputation as a philosopher and a poet B. people in the Middle Ages lacked the technological skill to melt a large bronze statue C. Marcus Aurelius was the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity D. people of the Middle Ages thought the sculpture represented Constantine
D
How was this sculpture made? A. It was modeled in terracotta B. It was cast using the solid lost-wax technique C. It was carved from solid metal D. It was cast using the hollow lost-wax technique
D
The ancient Greeks most likely learned how to carve large sculptures out of stone from the [blank]. A. Minoans B. Akkadians C. Persians D. Egyptians
D
The central shrine room of a Greek temple is called [blank]. A. peristyle B. styllobate C. entasis D. cella
D
The volcanic sand that the Romans used as a binder in their concrete is called [blank]. A. aggregate B. coffering C. entasis D. pozzolana
D
