arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis

which manifestation is the result of atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries?

Angina Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries results in angina.

place the steps of atheroma formation in order

Arterial endothelial damage Fatty streak formation Fibrous plaque formation Thrombus addition to complicated lesion Arterial endothelial damage begins the process of atheroma formation. Next, a fatty streak forms as the site attempts to heal. Fibrous plaque formation follows as cells continue to migrate to the site of endothelial injury. In the last step, thrombus addition contributes to the formation of the complicated lesion.

place the steps in order to illustrate the progression of atheroma

Arterial wall weakens and loses elasticity. Atheroma calcifies, resulting in increased arterial wall rigidity. The arterial wall bulges (forming an aneurysm), eventually ruptures and hemorrhages, and leads to tissue ischemia and necrosis and in larger arteries even death.

which statement accurately describes how arteriosclerosis impacts the arteries?

Arteriosclerosis results in the loss of elasticity in the arterial wall, arterial wall thickening, and narrowing of the arterial lumen.

which statement is accurate regarding the development of atherosclerosis ?

Atherosclerosis can lead to gangrene of the distal extremities.

which are characteristics of low-density lipoprotein?(LDL)

Considered the "bad" lipoprotein LDL is considered the "bad" lipoprotein with its high lipid content and contribution to the promotion of atherosclerosis. Is a dangerous component of elevated serum levels of lipids and cholesterol LDL is a dangerous component of elevated serum levels of lipids and cholesterol because of its contribution to the progression of atherosclerosis. Binds to receptors of vascular smooth muscle cells and enters the cells LDL binds to receptors like the membranes of vascular smooth muscle cells and enters the cells.

which is a characteristic of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)?

Considered the "good" lipoprotein HDL is the "good" lipoprotein with its low lipid content and transportation of cholesterol away from the body cells with subsequent catabolism.

which are modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis?

Diet Diet high in animal fat is a modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis. Obesity Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis linked to metabolic syndrome. Cigarette smoking Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis through decreasing HDL, increasing LDL, promoting clot formation, and vasoconstriction of the arteries.

which statement describes arteriosclerosis?

General changes in the arteries of the body Arteriosclerosis is general changes in the arteries of the body, including the loss of elasticity and thickening of the arterial walls in the aging patient.

Which is a non-modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis?

Genetic makeup Genetic makeup cannot be modified. It influences serum lipid levels, metabolism, cell receptors for lipids, and conditions such as familial hypercholesterolemia predisposing the person to atherosclerosis.

which is accurate regarding lipids?

Lipids include cholesterol HDL is the "good" lipoprotein Lipids are transported with proteins Lipids are essential in the normal functioning of body

which are characteristics of atherosclerosis?

Often forms at bifurcations Atherosclerosis often forms at bifurcations where anatomy allows the collection of lipids from blood flow against the bifurcation. Includes the formation of plaque Atherosclerosis includes the formation of a complex structure, including the atheromatous plaque. Results in a rough inner arteriole surface Atherosclerosis results in a rough inner arteriole surface from the formation of bumpy atheromatous plaques. The presence of a complex lesion made up of lipids and blood cells. Atherosclerosis results in the formation of an atheromatous plaque consisting of a mixture of lipids, cells, fibrin, cells debris, and attached thrombus.

which arteries are impacted by atherosclerosis when an individual experiences claudication?

Peripheral Atherosclerosis of the peripheral arteries results in claudication, or hypoperfused extremities.

which statement is accurate regarding the impact of diabetes on atherosclerosis?

Poorly controlled glucose levels in diabetes mellitus leads to endothelial damage.

which statement is accurate regarding the role of prostaglandin in plaque and thrombus formation?

Prostaglandin causes inflammation and vasospasm

which condition is caused by a partial occlusion in the carotid or cerebral arteries?

Transient ischemic attack Partial occlusion in the carotid or cerebral arteries results in transient ischemic attack from decreased blood flow to brain tissue.

Which stage of atheroma formation is likely to occur in an individual with a history of hypertension, smoking, and hyperlipidemia and also who is experiencing active chest pain?

complicated lesion

which statement is accurate regarding lifestyle and atherosclerosis?

diet and exercise are modifiable risk factors a sendentary lifestyle predisposes on eto obesity obesity is a primary indicator of metabolic syndrome physical acticity promotes bld flow, HDL creation, and reduces BP

which statement is true regarding the relationship btwn smoking and atherosclerosis?

smoking increases the risk of atherosclerosis

which condition is expected in an individual w a hx of cerebral artery atherosclerosis?

transient ischemic attack