ARTS 1510 - test 2
what role did scale and proportion play in Ancient Greece for the production of art objects and architecture?
- investigated the mathematical basis of beauty and of ideal proportions - golden section = proportional ratio (1:1.618); when applied to making statues, it gives naturalistic results (still relevant today)
why is architecture an important medium for community art?
- it marks sites where people come together - it tends to draw crowds of people - it often becomes an icon or symbol of a place - it is often created by numerous people
what did Yoruba people use as measure for depiction of humans, such as the Ife King? why is this important?
- the head? - facial features are idealized, suggesting that a personal heritage shapes one's destiny as a great leader
what is the subject of "Landscape with the Fall of Icarus" by Pieter Bruegel the Elder?
- the idea that life goes on - the fall of Icarus
what was/is so special about arthur barnes' collection and display?
- the number of paintings by famous artists - quality of the paintings - worth billions of dollars
what was the unit of measurement in Ancient Egypt? how does it influence the depiction of the human body?
- the palm of the hand; six palm widths = a unit of measurement called the cubit - height of an average man was estimated at 4 cubits or 24 palms - Pharaoh's body = standard for measurement
what is considered in a feminist analysis?
- the role of women at the time the artwork was made - the gender of the subject - the gender of the viewers of the artwork - the gender of the artist
why do the swedish-born artist Claes Oldenburg and his wife Coosje van Bruggen make their sculptures of everyday objects so vast?
- to express admiration for them - to give them a sense of grandeur - to poke fun at the conventional use of monumental scale
for what reasons did crowds of pilgrims first visit the cathedral at notre dame?
- to see a piece of the true cross - to experience the spectacular architecture - to be transported beyond the cares of the ordinary world
what are some possible reasons that man-made mountains were created?
-for religious worship and rituals -as memorials to the dead -for civic purposes
what associations does the Canadian-born artist Agnes Martin intend to convey by not providing any specific point of emphasis in her painting "Starlight"? (blue square with black lines)
-harmony with the universe -profound calm
what conceptual idea(s) does the compositional use of symmetry in the design of the Taj Mahal express?
-timeless love -perfect beauty
how many palm widths make one cubit?
6
what is the name of the ritual performed by the Yoruba in Nigeria to celebrate and honor women?
Gelede
what kind of art did arthur barnes collect?
Matisse, Cezanne, Van Gogh, Surrot, Renoir; he cares about the quality and aesthetic of paintings; post-impressionist art
what was the standard unit of measurement in ancient Egypt?
a cubit
what is memento mori?
a symbol of mortality
what does Robert Rauschenberg's use of variety in his sculpture Monogram communicate? (sculpture with the goat)
a transgression against traditional art and morals
the sense of motion created when something physically moves or changes in space and time
actual motion
how long it actually takes to make a film/medium
actual time
usually curved structure that spans an opening
arch
a type of design in which balance is achieved by elements that contrast and complement one another without being the same on either side of an axis
asymmetry
central, normally public, interior space
atrium
what is the name for the type of art that reflects the passage of time, not through motion, but through the natural processes of growth and decay that organic materials undergo?
bioart
a composition that does not have a dominant area of emphasis
broad emphasis
which culture employed principles of idealized human proportion to communicate connection with the spiritual world?
classical Greece
how does Marc Chagall establish Icarus as the focal point of his painting "The Fall of Icarus"?
color, brushstrokes, placement, contrast
the overall design or organization of a work
composition
______ and _______ unity: goal of any artwork
conceptual and compositional
artwork in which the ideas are most important to the work
conceptual art
versatile and strong construction material made of powdered lime, sand, and rubble
concrete
what type of directional line appears to impart the greatest degree of emphasis?
diagonal
type of scale that creates a supernatural effect
distorted scale
why is unity important?
elements must seem related and work together so we can "read" and understand as a coherent whole
the principle by which an artist draws attention to particular content
emphasis
the principle of drawing attention to particular content within a work
emphasis
what is the name for the principle of art that involves drawing attention to particular content?
emphasis
_______ and ______ signal what the artwork is about.
emphasis and focal point
an artwork or artistic style devoted to representing subjective emotions and experiences instead of objective or external reality is known by what term?
expressionist
t or f: Robert Mapplethorpe re-created traditional gendered roles of male and female to connect modern photography with painters from the past
false
t or f: a public artwork is more likely to be placed in an area that can be accessed by all kinds of people, and for that reason everyone must like and support it
false
t or f: an artist would probably use distorted scale if he or she wanted to create a lifelike scene that the viewer could relate to
false
t or f: artists made no attempt to express the passage of time in their works until the Renaissance
false
t or f: feminist analysis of "Grande Odalisque" by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres considers the role of women in nineteenth-century France but not viewers' perspectives on gender
false
t or f: gothic cathedrals, like notre dame, were built by individuals to display their extreme wealth
false
t or f: great artists never impose restrictions on the range of elements they use when creating a work
false
t or f: in the traditional art of the Yoruba people of West Africa, human figures are represented in accordance with the ideal proportions identified by the ancient Egyptians
false
t or f: the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York serves the sole purpose of displaying artworks
false
t or f: the colosseum in Rome was built to make the most impressive palace for emperor vespasian
false
what art forms are actually capable of expressing actual time and motion?
film, performance, sculpture, bioart
a tool that artists use to give specific emphasis
focal point
what is the name for the center of interest or activity in a work of art, often employed to draw the viewer's attention to the most important element in it?
focal point
what do we call the sense that we get when we comprehend how compositional and conceptual unity work together in an artwork?
gestalt
complete order and indivisible unity of all aspects of an artwork's design
gestalt unity
this type of unity stresses that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
gestalt unity
when an artist uses scale to indicate the relative importance of elements in a composition, he or she is employing what kind of scale?
hierarchical
the use of size to denote the relative importance of subjects in an artwork
hierarchical scale
size corresponds to the size of things as they actually exist
human scale
the sense of motion created by visual tricks that deceive our eyes into believing that movement is occurring as time passes
illusionary motion
what type of motion is featured in Gianlorenzo Bernini's sculpture Apollo and Daphne?
implied
the sense of motion created by the use of visual clues highlighting that movement is a key aspect of a static artwork
implied motion
Robert Lostutter's "The Hummingbirds" presents figural portraits on a very small scale in order to convey a sense of what?
intimacy
what might an artist's use of a small scale for a portrait of a lover imply?
intimacy
what is the name given to the Buddhist symbolic and sacred representation of the universe, which is often characterized by strong radial symmetry?
mandala
what is the term for a performance in which participants wear masks and costumes for a ritual or cultural purpose?
masquerades
art objects appear larger than they would be in normal life
monumental scale
having massive or impressive scale
monumental scale
(1) a design or color repeated as a unit in a pattern (2) a distinctive visual element, the recurrence of which is often characteristic of an artist's work
motif
the actual or implied change of position
motion
central space of a cathedral or church
nave
many visual artists has created their own techniques for making time part of the language of visual art by the end of which century?
nineteenth
which style of art form in the 1960s is particularly associated with exploiting the physiology of seeing in order to create optical effects such as the illusion of movement?
op art
where in stonehenge is the heelstone located?
outside the circle
the blue man group are popular exponents of which art form?
performance art
which ancient Greek wrote a famous treatise on the ideal human proportions?
polykleitos
type of rhythm that is created by repetition that regularly increases or decreases in frequency
progressive rhythm
core principle in the unity of any art object
proportion
the relationship in size between a work's individual parts and the whole
proportion
what do the relationships between the sizes of different parts of a work make up?
proportion
the relationships between the sizes of different parts of a work make up its ___________.
proportions
how long a film/medium is
recorded time
the placement of elements within a composition in order to create multiple focal points is most closely associated with which principle of art?
rhythm
the regular or ordered repetition of elements in the work
rhythm
appear smaller than our usual experience of them in the real world; implies intimacy
small scale
the sense of motion created by seeing a sequence of closely related still images in quick succession
stroboscopic motion
draws our attention away from certain areas of a work; opposite of emphasis
subordination
the opposite of emphasis; it draws out attention away from particular areas of a work
subordination
what is it called when emphasis is used to draw the viewer's attention away from a particular part of a composition?
subordination
an image or shape that looks exactly (or nearly exactly) the same on both sides when cut in half
symmetrical balance
the correspondence in size, form, and arrangement of items on opposite sides of a plane, line, or point that creates direct visual balance
symmetry
what are the essential attributes of time-based artworks such as film?
tempo, chronology, intensity, duration, scope, setting
what is the name by which the proportional system based around the ratio of 1:1.618 is most commonly known?
the golden section
the continuum of experience in which events actually or apparently take place
time
by-product of limestone used in building construction
travertine
t or f: artists can use any of the elements of art in order to emphasize focal points in their work
true
t or f: it does not matter if a sculptor is creating a human statue on a monumental scale or a figure much smaller than lifesize, if the sculptor applies the ratio of the Golden Section, the sculpture will have naturalistic proportions
true
t or f: stonehenge was associated with the summer solstice
true
t or f: the surrealists sometimes used distorted scale to create dreamlike images that subvert our conscious experiences
true
the diversity of different ideas, media, and elements in a work
variety
curved structure covering an interior space
vault
analyzing the design elements in relationship to their design principles
visual analysis
how does Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres portray the body of the woman in Grande Odalisque?
with distortions
which type of large man-made construction of the ancient near east was built for the benefit of the living community rather than as a memorial to the dead?
ziggurat
a nineteenth-century device for creating moving images using stroboscopic motion
zoetrope