asdas
What is the benefit of using multiple writing systems in Japanese?(A) You can distinguish the major word class (e.g. nouns and verb stems) and the grammatical morphemes (e.g. case particles and verb suffixes) easily.(B) You can distinguish pitch accent patterns on nouns and verb stems easily.(C) You can distinguish different types of Western loan words easily (e.g. Portuguese origin vs. English origin). (D) You can distinguish nouns with the Western language origin and Chinese language origin easily. (C) and (D) (A) and (D) (A) and (C) (B) and (D)
(A) and (D)
How many vowels does Tagalog have? 10 5 12 3
5
How is linguistics defined in general? Foreign language study A scientific study of language structure and language use. A study of polyglots A study of language as used in art forms
A scientific study of language structure and language use.
What is the name of a theory that tries to connect Japanese and Korean genetically? Tibeto-Burman hypothesis Altaic hypothesis Hybrid hypothesis Southeast Asia hypothesis
Altaic hypothesis
Why did Indonesia chose Bahasa Indonesia as its national language over Javanese? Although Javanese is the largest language in Indonesia, choosing it may give those who speak Javanese too much power. Because Bahasa Indonesia is a difficult language, and it can avoid foreigners' advancement in the government. Because Bhasa Indonesia is the language of the Royal family. Since the population of speakers of Bahasa Indonesia is the largest, it make sense to adopt it as the national language.
Although Javanese is the largest language in Indonesia, choosing it may give those who speak Javanese too much power.
Which set of words are found in Indonesian? basikal, brek, kamera, tiket; sepeda, rem, fotostel, karcis Neither B A Both
B
What is involved when North Koreans use "kwail mul (fruit water)" to refer to 'juice'? Compounding Transliteration Affixation Calque (Translation)
Calque (Translation)
Where can we find tone languages? Mainland southeast Asia and the insular southeast Asia Everywhere except for Japan and Korea China and mainland southeast Asia Japan and Korea
China and mainland southeast Asia
Why do some linguists call the Hanguel writing a "featural writing system"? Hanguel letters imitate features of Chinese characters that Korean people used in the ancient time. Hanguel letters represent features of Koran culture. Hanguel letters represent some phonetic features of the sounds they represent. Hanguel letters feature melodic tones of the language.
Hanguel letters represent some phonetic features of the sounds they represent.
What could an assimilation policy do to a non-major languages such as Ainu and Ryukyuan in a nation? It could make non-major languages to flourish. It could make non-major languages to decline It could encourage people to preserve it It could make people aware of the danger of losing a language
It could make non-major languages to decline
Which is the correct definition of 'tense'? It represents an event seen in its totality from the outside It expresses temporal relation between points on the time axis as measured from the present It describes an event seen as a body of internal structure It represents different ways to view an event
It expresses temporal relation between points on the time axis as measured from the present
Which is the correct statement about Asia defined for this class? It includes Middle East, East Asia and India It includes India and Southeast Asia It includes East Asia and Southeast Asia It includes East Asia and India
It includes East Asia and Southeast Asia
How does the Korean writing system use the notion of syllable? It decomposes a syllable into a consonant and a vowel, each of which is put in a block. It organizes a syllable as a unit, and represents it in a syllable block. It can omit a vowel from a syllable when writing in a hurry, and the omitted vowel appears as a box. It identifies the components of a syllable as C or V, and gives a square shape to each of them.
It organizes a syllable as a unit, and represents it in a syllable block.
Compared to other tone languages we examined so far, what is a conspicuous feature of the (Northern) Vietnamese tone system? It has more register tones than contour tones. Two tones are merged into one. It uses the glottal stop in some cases. It uses the velar nasal in some cases.
It uses the glottal stop in some cases.
Which of the follwoing statement is correct? Mandarin is an SVO language and uses postpositions Mandarin is an SOV language and uses postpositions Korean is an SOV language and uses prepositions Korean is an SOV language and uses postpositions
Korean is an SOV language and uses postpositions
What prevents us from establishing a clear genetic affiliation between Korean and Japanese? One is a tone language and the other is not. Different word order Lack of enough cognates Agglutinating morphology
Lack of enough cognates
Match the name of language family and the description. Thai-Kadai 50 or so languages are categorized under this language family Austronesian Mostly spoken in the Philippines and Indonesia Mon-Khmer Vietnamese belongs to this family Hmong-Mien Languages of this family can be found in part of China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand Tibeto-Burman More than 300 languages are categorized under this family
NA
[Kumain] [ang bata] [ng tinapay] eat<AV> NOM child GEN bread 'The child ate bread.' What does NOM indicate? NOM indicates 'kumain' is the verb NOM indicates 'bata' (child) is the subject NOM indicates 'tinapay' (bread) is in focus (emphasised) NOM indicates 'bata' (child) is less important in this sentence
NOM indicates 'bata' (child) is the subject
What kind of words are appropriate when we try to establish a genetic relationship between two or more languages? Accidentally resembled words Most recent words Loan words Native basic vocabulary
Native basic vocabulary
What do the dark red circles represent? Obligatory classifier language No classifier language Optional classifier language Free classifier language
Obligatory classifier language
Adverbs like 'yesterday' can naturally occur with ... Progressive aspect Past tense Imperfective aspect Perfective aspect
Past tense
How do you make a velar consonant? Put the tip of the tongue against the soft palate Put the back of the tongue against the soft palate Put the front of the tongue against the hard palate Put the back of the tongue against the uvula
Put the back of the tongue against the soft palate
Which type of the consonant you find in Mandarin, but not in Cantonese? Affricate Retroflex Bilabial nasal Labiodental fricative
Retroflex
Among the six possible word orders, which three are more popular than the other three? SVO, VOS, VSO SOV, VSO, VOS SOV, SVO, VSO SOV, SVO, VOS
SOV, SVO, VSO
'Dia makan pisang' = "He eats a banana" 'Saya makan siang' = "I eat lunch" 'Dia memberi siang' = "He buys lunch" How do you say 'I buy a banana'? Saya makan pisang Saya memberi pisang Dia memberi pisang Saya pisang memberi
Saya memberi pisang
Which is the correct description of the Japanese accent system? Syllables in a word are assigned either the HIGH or LOW pitch. Each syllable is assigned one of several tones such as rising tone, flat tone, and question tone. The entire word, not a syllable, bears different pitches. Each syllable in a word is either stressed or unstressed.
Syllables in a word are assigned either the HIGH or LOW pitch.
Which languages show a three-way contrast at the alveolar place of articulation? Mandarin - Thai Korean - Japanese Korean - Mandarin Thai - Korean
Thai - Korean
Which languages received a significant influence from Indic languages (Sanskrit, Pali)? Cambodian, Lao, Thai, Portuguese Thai, Tagalog, Indonesian Burmese, Malaysian, Indonesian Thai, Lao, Cambodian, Burmese
Thai, Lao, Cambodian, Burmese
Which statement describes the abugida system most accurately. The abugida writing system uses different symbols for different syllables. The abugida writing system uses a vowel symbol to represent a syllable, and different consonants are indicated by diacritics that appear different places around the consonant letter. The abugida writing system uses different symbols for different tones of a syllable. The abugida writing system uses a consonant symbol to represent a syllable with an inherent vowel, and different vowels are indicated by diacritics that appear different places around the consonant letter.
The abugida writing system uses a consonant symbol to represent a syllable with an inherent vowel, and different vowels are indicated by diacritics that appear different places around the consonant letter.
Describe the diacritics used in (1) ê and ô and (2) ư and ơ in the modern Vietnamese writing system The diacritic in (1) indicates unrounded vowels while that in (2) indicates high-mid vowels. The diacritic in (1) indicates rounded vowels while that in (2) indicates high-mid vowels. The diacritic in (1) indicates low-mid vowels while that in (2) indicates unrounded vowels. The diacritic in (1) indicates high-mid vowels while that in (2) indicates unrounded vowels.
The diacritic in (1) indicates high-mid vowels while that in (2) indicates unrounded vowels.
What is the significance of the oracle bones found in China? The oracle bones bear the earliest form of some Chinese characters. The oracle bones are important because the ancient Japanese people learned about Chinese characters from them. The oracle bones tell us about the spoken language used around 1,200 BCE in China. The oracle bones provide a clue for Egyptian influence on Chinese characters.
The oracle bones bear the earliest form of some Chinese characters.
What are the two "major" types of writing systems found among the world's languages? The abugida and the abjad writing systems. The phonographic and the logographic writing systems. The Chinese and the Japanese writing systems. The alphabetic and the syllabic writing systems.
The phonographic and the logographic writing systems.
Comparing the syllabic and the alphabetic system of writing, which one requires more symbols to write all syllables in a language? Why? The syllabic writing system requires more symbols because there are always more consonants than vowels. The syllabic writing system requires more symbols because each syllable requires a different symbol. Both systems require the same number of symbols because the number of consonants and vowels are the same. The alphabetic writing system requires more symbols because each syllable requires a different symbol.
The syllabic writing system requires more symbols because each syllable requires a different symbol.
Which statement is correct regarding the three different Hanguel letters (ㄱ : ㅋ : ㄲ )? The three letters represent three allophones of velar consonants in Korean. The three letters represent three phonemes of bilabial consonants in Korean. The three letters represent three different places of articulation in Korean. The three letters represent three phonemes of velar consonants in Korean.
The three letters represent three phonemes of velar consonants in Korean.
What is the official language of Japan? The government is currently debating The official language is Japanese. There is no official language in Japan Both official and national languages in Japan are Japanese.
There is no official language in Japan
What is common among the following consonants? tsʰ / ts tɕʰ/tɕ ʈʂʰ / ʈʂ They are all palatals They are all retroflexes. They are all fricatives. They are all affricates.
They are all affricates.
What is the status of vocal folds when we produce voiced consonants? They are closed completely to shut the airflow. They are open, and air can flow freely. They are closed and vibrate. They are open, and vibrate.
They are closed and vibrate.
Which is one important reason why Japanese developed hiragana and katakana? To write logograms. To write verbs. To write nouns. To write verbal suffixes.
To write verbal suffixes.
How do you explain the mechanism of making a bilabial nasal consonant sound? Velum is lowered, and lips are open. Velum is raised, and lips are open. Velum is raised, and lips are closed. Velum is lowered, and lips are closed.
Velum is lowered, and lips are closed.
What can be included in typological classification of languages? Word order, morphological characteristics, phonological aspect Postposition, writing system, morphological aspect Morphological characteristics, phonological aspect, tone language Word order, morphological characteristics, written language
Word order, morphological characteristics, phonological aspect
Which is the right combination of alveolar consonants? [ θ, ð, ʃ , ʔ ] [ p, b, n, ʃ ] [ t, d, n, ʃ ] [ t, d, n, s ]
[ t, d, n, s ]
Which one is NOT an example of compounds. a red pencil fù-mǔ [father-mother] 'parents' (Mandarin) a greenhouse bàn ghế [table chair] = furniture [Vietnamese]
a red pencil
Which is the most productive way to increase the number of Chinese characters? by a combination of the semantic component (the 'radical')) and a sound component by increasing the number of pictographs by combining two or more pictographs by creating many ideographs based on the concept one wants to express
by a combination of the semantic component (the 'radical')) and a sound component
Which is a case of 'parallel compound'? nước mắt ('water' + 'eye' = tears) [Vietnamese] bàn ghế ('table' + 'chair' = furniture) [Vietnamese] hǔ jiàng ('tiger + general = 'brave general') [Mandarin] chī sām ('crazy' + 'heart' = 'infatuated') [Cantonese]
bàn ghế ('table' + 'chair' = furniture) [Vietnamese]
What type of nouns are these? "dog, car, apple, knife" classifiers measure words uncountable nouns countable nouns
countable nouns
'Cerlang' means 'luminous (object)' and 'cemerlang' means 'brilliant (person)' in Indonesian. Identify the infix that is involved in this word formation process. em lang er ce
em
Mandarin 'le' is not a past tense marker because... it can appear with a future adverb it can appear with a past tense suffix it can appear with an adjective like 'tall' it must appear with a past tense adverb
it can appear with a future adverb
What is the critical criterion that linguists use to determine whether two languages are dialects of the same language or different languages? mutual intelligibility there are no established criteria political consideration cultural consideration
mutual intelligibility
What are the three key auditory features that define "prosody" in language? loudness - pitch - decibels pitch - length - milliseconds pitch - length - loudnes length - hertz - loudness
pitch - length - loudnes
What phonetic characteristic distinguishes [i] from [u]? the front-back dimention of the tongue, roundness of the lips tongue height and backness of the tongue roundness of the lips only tongue height and roundness of the lips
the front-back dimention of the tongue, roundness of the lips
All Tagalog stop/plosive consonants are... unaspirated aspirated voiced glottalized
unaspirated
What is the consonant that can appear at the beginning of a word in Tagalog, but cannot in the same phonological environment in English? velar nasal alveolar nasal bilabial fricative bilabial nasal
velar nasal
The following consonants are used in Vietnamese. Which part of the articulatory organ is important for producing both of these sounds? [ ɓ ] [ ɗ ] velar vocal folds alveolar uvular
vocal folds
If a language (L) uses the same classifier for 'carrots', 'bananas', and 'baseball bats,' which of the following group contains objects which are likely to be also counted with the same classifier. tree branches, stars, leaves oranges, cucumbers, tea cups wine bottles, pens, tree branches footballs, golf balls, Ping-Pong balls
wine bottles, pens, tree branches