ASL I - Written Exam

culture

-2 uses -one means to have a sophisticated taste or to be well read, appreciate art, literature, cuisine, etc. -the other related to the unique attributes of a certain group of people

rights and wellbeing of deaf people

As renowned as Douglas Tilden became, his interests in this was steadfast.

International Congress of the Deaf

In 1889, Douglas Tilden helped organize, and was voted vice president of this at its first convention in Paris

ASL is a visual code for English, written or spoken

Probably the most important myth to debunk regarding ASL.

honorary doctorate

Regina Olson Hughes received this from Gallaudet in 1967.

the person you are talking about

To continue showing agreement when sharing information about the person, orient your signs in the direction of who?

left

non-dominant hand

ordinal

numbers where hand faces forward

how they identify themselves

one way of understanding deaf culture

Andrew Foster

A teacher, pioneer, and missionary, his legacy lives on in many schools he opened in West Africa.

5-10%

ASL if what percent the actual sign?

indigenous sign language and French Sign Language

ASL is the blending of what?

90-95%

ASL is what percent body language?

Paul Choppin

After beginning to work with clay, Douglas Tilden traveled to Paris in 1888 and met his mentor, ?, a famed sculptor who was also deaf.

Monet, Rembrandt, and Delacroix

After eight years, Douglas Tilden returned to California and ended up with his work exhibited along with work from these three famous artists.

communication, sign language

Andrew Foster believed that freedom of __________ was the key to education, and that freedom was achieve through _______ ______________.

illogical, impractical

Andrew Foster noted that "employing restrictive means of communication to achieve normalcy seems as __________ as it is _____________.

three

Andrew Foster was one of the first of _________ Black Deaf students to be enrolled at Gallaudet University

Gallaudet

As a place of cultural significance and a recognized center of a deaf-world social network that spans the national and international arenas, this has been called a beacon, deaf Mecca, and "home" by its graduates, visiting scholars, and supporters.

scarlet fever

At age 4, how did Douglas Tilden become deaf?

California School for the Deaf

At age 5, Douglas Tilden began attending ?

signing to the best of their ability

At deaf gatherings, deaf schools, deaf events, or other deaf environments, people who know ASL at any skill level (even new students) show courtesy and respect by doing this.

symmetrical

Both hands move simultaneously to trace both sides of this shape.

Christian Mission for the Deaf (CMD)

By founding this in 1956, Andrew Foster was able to establish the first school for the Deaf in Accra, Ghana in a small room borrowed from a church in 1957.

visual, acute

Deaf people are ? beings, and their vision is generally more ?.

California Association of the Deaf

Douglas Tilden helped organize this, drafting its constitution and bylaws.

Michelangelo

Douglas Tilden is known as the ? of the American West

Sign language is our language!

Douglas Tilden proposed a bill to fight the rising tide of oralism, proclaiming this at the convention.

second

Douglas Tilden was the ? of five children?

sculptor

Douglas Tilden was the first California ? to attain recognition and worldwide fame outside the U.S.

distinctive landscapes and natural majesty

Douglas Tilden's artistic voice was uniquely capable -- in his sculpture, one could feel these two things of California

Andrew Foster Endowment

Established by Gallaudet and the National Black Deaf Association (NBDA), this offers scholarships to college-bound African American students

1. build a language community 2. minimize reliance on English as you listen or converse in ASL 3. focus on meaning rather than individual signs 4. focus on signer's face, not on hands for two important reasons 5. show you understand the signer

Five strategies for learning ASL

feedback

Fluent ASL communication flows smoothly, and active listening -- also called ___________ -- is expected.

Mechanics, Football Plays, Baseball Play, and Father Junipero Serra

Four of Douglas Tilden's best known works in California.

1. name the location (raise eyebrows) 2. name the object (raise eyebrows) 3. indicate who (point to the person) 4. give the command (to put the object in a specific place)

Four step sequence for giving commands involving a location.

1. tilt your head 2. squint your eyes 3. open your mouth slightly 4. tell where: point with your arm fully extended

Four steps for conveying a far away distance.

honorary doctorate

Gallaudet University awarded Andrew Foster this in 1970

Bison

Gallaudet's mascot

Buff and Blue

Gallaudet's school paper

1. symmetrical 2. asymmetrical 3. linear

How to describe a shape depends upon the type of shape; these are the three types.

International Exhibition of Fine and Applied Arts by Deaf Artists

Regina Olson Hughes's personal oil paintings were shown at this in 1934.

1. gentle nods 2. brief signs 3. facial expressions

Respond to the signer with these three things that show understanding and interest in what is being said.

yes, no

Signs for _____ and ______ are not used as active listening; these signs have different meanings and functions.

point in the direction where your home is located

Since ASL is a spatial language, when you tell where you live, you ? before giving the name of the city.

impolite

Speaking in the presence of a deaf person is considered what?

true

T/F: Douglas Tilden insisted that his parents, brothers, and sisters learned to sign

true

T/F: In responding to yes/no questions, answering with just "yes" or just "no" makes you appear as if you don't want to be bothered to answer and leaves the other person in the awkward position of feeling like they are prying.

false

T/F: The sign for "1st" is the same in these two instances: the first time the first floor

false; it compromises both languages

T/F: You should try to use your voice and sign at the same time when serving as a bridge between a deaf individual and a non-signing individual.

listener

The ________ has an active role in the rhythm of the conversation.

visual and gestural

The modality for ASL is different from spoken language because it is __________ and ___________

video phones, web cams

These are often integrated into areas where everyday life happens - in the kitchen or living room as opposed to being tucked away in the office.

The National Association of the Deaf's Andrew J. Foster Award

This award recognizes excellence in teaching at their biennial conference.

Gallaudet Archives

This contains the world's largest collection of materials documenting the language and culture of deaf people

Estate of Regina Olson Hughes

This donated a collection of letters, photos, and illustrations to the Gallaudet University Archives in 1993.

Andrew Foster Auditorium

This is located at Gallaudet, with a bronze bust installed in front

Regina Olson Hughes

This is the only deaf artist to have a solo exhibition at the Smithsonian Institution.

Gallaudet Research Institute

This is the source of demographic and educational data regarding deaf people in the U.S., and continually innovates in the field of deaf education

Hughesia reginae, Billbergia reginae

This plant species and this type of daisy were named in honor of Regina Olson Hughes.

correction information

This should be given after a negative response in a yes or no question.

Dalmatians, dogs and cats with white fur and blue eyes

This type of dog and animals with these characteristics are often deaf.

1. tell what kind of pet (dog, cat, etc.) 2. indicate its relative size 3. use your body to describe the pet: main color and distinctive markings

Three step sequence for describing pets.

1. tilt your head 2. purse your lips slightly 3. tell where: point with your arm moderately extended

Three steps for conveying a moderate distance.

1. tilt your head 2. clench teeth, turn head to dominant side, with check almost touching shoulder 3. tell where: point with your hand close to your body

Three steps for conveying a very near distance.

1. point in the direction where your home is 2. indicate the location where you are learning ASL refer to another person or object in the immediate environment

Three uses of real world orientation

1. trace the shape with both index fingers 2. use your index finger to indicate where to place or locate the secondary item 3. your head, eye gaze, and index fingers should work together to indicate where the second and third items are to be placed

To describe the placement of a shape, name, number, or letter inside, above, or below a shape, follow this sequence.

point to and glance

To show agreement, it is important to do this at a person you are identifying.

1. a lot of grammar is the facial expression 2. it is considered rude to look away from the signers' face while they are signing to you

Two important reasons who you need to focus on the signer's face

1. determine where the place is in relationship to where you are now 2. establish a starting point

Two steps for giving basic directions

1. Martha's Vineyard off Cape Cod 2. French Sign Language

What are the major historical influences that can be traced to the origins of ASL?

the schools and their students

What are the most lasting tributes to Andrew Foster's legacy?

flower seeds

What did Regina Olson Hughes used to buy as a child with her money for ice cream?

context

What is essential when reading ASL?

time-topic-comment-question

What is the format for ASL?

do not look at your hand EVER or the other person's hand

What is the most important rule for finger spelling or signing numbers?

when in doubt, face out

What is the rule when you are not sure whether to face your hand forward or backward when signing numbers?

30-35%

What percent of words are identifiable through lip reading?

The International Congress on the Education of Deaf Conference blocked the influence of educators supporting sign language

What was the pivotal moment in ASL and deaf America's history that occurred in 1880?

1. use an opener (sign used to direct listener's attention to the location of the person to whom the signer is referring. 2. describe the person 3. glance toward and point to the person to whom you are referring 4. raise your eyebrows 5. listener confirms

When identifying someone visible to you and your listener, follow this sequence.

bb, kk, ll, rr

When spelling names with these letters, the double letter is repeated twice with a bounce.

ss, nn, tt, ff, dd, mm

When spelling names with these letters, the double letter is repeated twice without a bounce.

aa, ee, oo

When spelling names with these letters, the double letter moves sideways and is usually not repeated.

1860-1935

When was Douglas Tilden alive? (years)

deaf, hearing

Whether you are __________ or ____________ will drive the direction of a conversation with a deaf individual

67, 76, 78, 87, 89, 98

Which six numbers bounce from side to side when signing?

8-10%

While it is common for the native language to be acquired within the family, only this percent is true for children who are born into families with deaf members.

perspective

You must take the signer's ____________, or see the shapes as if through the signer's eyes, to correctly draw shapes.

ASL is a language of pictures and pantomimes

a second common myth

ASL is universal language

a third common myth

Pidgin Signed English

combination of ASL and Signed Exact English

two-handed symmetrical sign

dominant and non-dominant hand do the same thing

right

dominant hand

two-handed non-symmetrical sign

dominant hand is moving and/or on top of non-dominant hand

stay on the line

don't move hand up/down when signing (rule)

Y, Q, P (followed by R or L)

down letters (3)

stay in the box

finger spell in place or move slightly away from body (rule)

1. point to object 2. draw object 3. list items in a category 4. use opposites 5. describe/act out

five strategies for asking what the sign is for something

1. signing 2. gestures 3. writing or typing 4. third person (use someone to translate) 5. lipreading and speech

five ways of communicating deaf people might use

1. gender 2. brief description 3. point out the person and glance at the person at the same time 4. affirm

four important points to remember/use when identifying a person

Z, J

moving letters (2)

color

plays a big role in the deaf community

wh-, how

questions where you furrow your eyebrows

yes/no

questions where you raise your eyebrows

lexicalized signs

signs that look like finger spelling but are not

how their eyes are used during signed interactions

the first visible cultural behavior among deaf signers

1. hand shape 2. palm orientation 3. location 4. movement 5. "non-manual" features (ex. facial expressions)

the five basic parameters of every sign

how they get other people's attention

the second visible cultural behavior among deaf signers

how deaf people locate themselves and move among people in signing situations

the third visible cultural behavior among deaf signers

1. let the deaf person know you sign 2. avoid spoken English or using voice without relaying information in ASL 3. let the deaf person set the communication mode

three things that you need to remember to do as a new signer

1. waving 2. tapping 3. using an intermediary

three ways deaf individuals may use to get the attention of others

1. walk through (try to avoid) 2. use touch 3. ask person to move

three ways of negotiating a signing environment

1. first and last names 2. deaf or hearing

two commonly shared things upon meeting

1. what to expect when you meet someone 2. what to expect when you get to know someone

two of the things you need to know when making connections with deaf people

one-handed sign

use dominant hand only

1. it is the ASL sign and only sign for the word (ex. #HS, #APT) 2. a sign already exists for a word and you want to emphasis it (ex. #YES, #NO, #EARLY) 3. to get away from initialized signs (ex. #JOB, #BUS)

3 reasons why lexicalized signs are used

one-handed, two-handed symmetrical, two-handed non-symmetrical

3 types of signs

Deaf Space

-Deaf-friendly environments -open spaces -lighting is bright but not glaring or positioned in a way that makes it difficult to see the signer -seating arranged so people can see each other and keep the door in sight -mirrors are strategically placed to make obstructed parts visible

Deaf Space Project

-Gallaudet is incorporating more information from this into future building plans for the university. -This clouds more open buildings with fewer walls and more appropriate lighting, and wide walkways throughout campus to ensure comfortable communication in ASL while walking from place to place.

real world orientation

-In ASL, you need to develop spatial awareness of your environment, called this. -Includes learning where the different cities and areas of cities are located from where you are at that time.

Douglas Tilden

-In the art world, he is remembered as a stand-bearer for the spirit of the American west. -In the deaf community, he is remembered for his activism against the suppression of sign language for educating deaf children

Diana

-This popular royal princess of Wales acquired fluency in British Sign Language (BSL) and raised awareness of BSL and deaf people. -She was the patron of the British Deaf Association (BDA) for 10 years. -Chose to sign her speech in BSL at the BDA's centennial celebration in 1990.

James Duval Phelan

-When Douglas Tilden returned to California from Paris, this wealthy mayor of San Francisco and later a U.S. Senator became Tilden's patron. -Appointed Tilden to the city's beautification committee and commissioned him to create bronze statues to memorialize California.

10

-When specifying time under ? minutes, the numbers are incorporated into the sign for "minute." -This is true for hours as well

French Sign Language

-founded by first school's founders, Laurent Clerc and Thomas Gallaudet

Gallaudet University

-founded in 1864 -a bastion for using signing in higher education as well as contributing to the standardization ASL among deaf people in other states where many graduates return home to teach

Martha's Vineyard off Cape Cod

-influence of ASL origins -genetic pool resulted in a large number of deaf people -resulted in naturally formed signing communities -regional sign languages were brought by students to the first school for the deaf founded in Hartford, CT in 1817

American Sign Language (ASL)

-language of the deaf community -not written or spoken -specific format

cardinal

-numbers where hand faces backward -numbers 1-5 only -used for the sum of something

Field of Poppies

-painting done by Granville Redmond -reveals Redmond's love for the more intimate rural views of California's topography -Redmond may be seen as a transitional figure among California landscape painters of the early 20th century

initialized signs

-sign that begins with the first letter of the English word it represents -ex. colors (pink, blue, yellow, etc.) -ASL is trying to move away from this

Signed Exact English

-signed system -not a language -exact translation

Regina Olson Hughes

-the most renowned deaf scientific illustrator -took her love of flowers and art and turned it into a lasting contribution to science

Gallaudet

-the only Deaf liberal arts university in the world -both a repository of ASL, deaf culture and history, and an inspiring setting for higher learning -offers 80 undergraduate and graduate degrees in more than 20 disciplines

capital D

-the term deaf with a ____________ ____ is an inclusive term because it focuses on what people have -- a living culture, an available language, and the infinite, untapped possibilities being deaf can offer

1. no bouncing 2. no punching 3. stay in the box 4. stay on the line 5. no mouthing the letters 6. do not roll your eyes/break eye contact 7. no head nodding 8. no sliding 9. no fishing 10. do not look at your hand EVER or the other person's hand

10 rules for finger spelling and signing numbers

bridge

If you are speaking with a non-signing person and a deaf person comes in the room, it's commendable to serve as a ? for both people, relaying information to the deaf person in between speaking to the non-signing person.

group, individual

In deaf culture, the _________ comes before the __________.

modified

In telling how to get from place to place and how long it takes, the movement of the verbs is ? to show agreement with the established locations.

1960s

In what decade did linguists at Gallaudet University prove that ASL is a fully developed independent language unrelated to English?

1880

In what year did a pivotal moment in ASL and deaf America's history occur?

rude

It is considered ______ when one watches a signed conversation in public and not inform the signers you know ASL.

Douglas Tilden

Labeled the Michelangelo of the West for the vitality and energy of his sculpture "The Mechanics," his best known work is dedicated to mechanics, particularly printing pressmen.

nod

Make sure to _____ your head when affirming information.

shake

Make sure to ______ your head when negating information.

asymmetrical

Non-dominant hand is used as a reference point while the dominant hand traces this shape. (1)

linear

Non-dominant hand is used as a reference point while the dominant hand traces this shape. (2)

Linguistic Interference

Occurs when one language's structure, meaning, and vocabulary hinders language students' ability to engage with the second language on its own

The Bear Hunt

One of Douglas Tilden's most famous cultures that stands on the campus of the California School for the Deaf in Fremont.

being kept informed on the environment, the community, and its members

People within the deaf culture value what?