ASL Quiz #2

high schools with ASL programs have increased _____ from 1996 to 2005

4000 percent

Deaf teachers and peers provide modeling and conversation for deaf children so they can develop _____

EF and TOM skills

Spoken and sing languaes both stimulate the language centers of the brain, the brain does care if the information comes through the ear as sound or through the eye as signs. What the brain looks for

are patterns, patterns on the hands or patterns pressed on the tongue

ASL is not with the hands alone but also with

arms, body movement, lips, head tilts, eye gazes, eyebrows raises, cheeks puffed with air, tongue protruisions, etc.

how old is asl

asl is less than 300 years old

EF skills develop early from _____

conversation with parents about every day activites

Metacognition

is being able to reflect on your own thinking

Becasue of langauge depreication, many deaf children enter preschool and kindergarden having to learn _______________

lanague and literacy at the same time.

Deaf teacher can help set up visual learning envirometns by incorporating elements fo deaf culture they can open the channels of

language, reading, and acadmeic learnign to decelop foundation of thinking, cognition, and learning

who established the first school for the deaf

laurent and clerc,

What is social ASL

learning communication through face to face communication they develop shared with conversation skills such as chatting with friends or just casual talk

Whether is spoken or signed langauge is processed in the

left hempishere of the brain.

ASL borrows words from Enlish, and this has resulted in a form called

lexical signs and loan signs

137 what

living sign languages

Academic ASl can include

the study of ASL grammar through the use of space classifiers and other grammatical aspects.

morphology

the study of how a language created new words or signs, morphology shows how we can make new words in our language

Deaf chldren use btoh __________________________ compared to hearing nonsigners

visual imagery in place of verbal codes and spatial coding to remeber informaiton

ASL is belived to be the most what

widely used sign language in the world

historical old french sign langaguage arrive on US soil ______

with frenchman laurent clerc and thomas hopkinds gallaudet

An ASL gloss is a

writing system for ASL that uses English capital letters to represent sign language.

Deaf mothers use a speical languae with their babies called

"motherese" or child directed speech

ASL joins others estimated ____ sign lanaguage compared to about ____ spoken languages used worldwide

136 7105

English has two main numerical systems, the cardinal numbers and ordinal numbers while ASL has more than

20 different documented numberical systems

today how many states recognzie asl as a language that can be taken for credit as a foreing lanague

45 states

English speaker would take an average of ___ years of full imersion to become fluent in ASL

7 years

Iconicity:

A word is iconic when its form looks or sounds like its meaning

who may benefit from a CDI

Deaf adultswho were language deprived early in life, impacting their later educational abilites. Many hearing interpreters do not have the ability to communicate with those Deaf adults, particulary with difficult and speacilaized contexts such as medical or lega situations.

motherese

Deaf mothers repreat signs, exaggerate and sign slower to make sure their babies are seeing and understaning the. The mother make signs on their baby's body or on objects or near food items.

Deaf teachers and Deaf parents provide language and cultural role modeling for

Deaf students, guiding them in how to integrate into both the Deaf and the hearing worlds, to be bicultural.

ASL/English bilingual programs for deaf children have give characteristics

First, teachers provide background knowledge in ASL Second, ASL is used as the language of instruction in the classroom Third, literacy is provided with meaning based bridging and mapping strategies form ASL to English Fourth, students are provided instruction in grammer of ASL and Enlgish. Fifth, teachers are provided with training in how to use and teach using ASL and English bilignual brining and mapping strategies

ASL was aslo influenced by historical changes brought on by the communities of Deaf people and hearing people who used signing as they coexisted in three towns"

Martha's vineyard, Heniker Sandy River Valley

Deaf teachers can provide opportunity for deaf children to learn metacognitive, TOM and EF skills by having

singed conversation with them and using storeis from their own personal experiences in solving problems.

Executive Functioning (EF) refers to

skills that use to get organized control your behavior to get things done, and problem solve.

english langauge is made up of _____ and _____

sounds and written symbols

asl orgnaizes its elements in ____ amd _)_____ in contrast to enlgish with orders its words, phrases, sentences, and conversations in a ___________

space and movement sequence of sounds

how far back can the history of asl be traced?

spain in the 1500's

what was the first deaf school in teh us

the American school for the Deaf, in Hartford Conneticut in 1817

What does the Plains Indian Sign Langauge (PISL) have in common with ASL

the use of iconicity (sings that look like the object they represent), space, and movement

iconic signs =

they look like what they mean

before public schooling, how did deaf children communicate

they used gestures and home signs with their hearing families to communicate

true or false, each country has its own sign language?

true

true or false, there are asl signs with no direct English translation

true

true or falseThere are more hearing learners of ASL who learn is as a second langaue than Deaf people who use it as their primary or dominant language and who consider it their first langauge.

true

Thinking skills are part of a broader set of cognitive abilites. These include

visual attention, imager, visual spatial skills, memory, learning, and metacognition.

Bilingualism in education for deaf children has been called

bi - bi

CDI

ceritified deaf interpreters

Visual Modes of Communication include

contact signing, toatl communication or TC, Manual Codes of Enlgish (MCE), Simulatenous Communcation (SimCOm), and cured speech (CS).

Deaf children who have poor lagnague and memeory skills are easily ___________

distraacted in school have diffiulty completing projects, and may have difficulty with EF skills as well.

Lexicalized signs and loan signs provide exidence of the

effect that ASL has when it meets the english language and new signs evolve.

Deaf can understand concrete and abstract, they do poorly on __________ but do the same as hearing on __________ causeing some to be misdaignose as reatrted

english based test nonverbal intelligence test

Deaf children who attend schools for the deaf or who have Deaf familites will acqurie ASL and their first langauge thorugh _______, this is called _______

everyday conversation social ASL

In order to translate certain English words that do no have a direct sign translation to an ASL sign, Deaf people use a technique called expansion. There are also ASL signs with no direct English translation.

expansion.

ASL is considered _____ becasue it is used by Deaf americans who have a different culture - DEaf culture

foreign

The usefulness of signing to develop reading skills has been

found with deaf children learning words and overall reading comprehension

where do hearing students have diffuciuty when learning sign language?

hearing student have diffucitulty with the facial expression and nonmanual features of ASL such as questions forms and negation. other areas of diffuculty include learning to make and differntiate the different handshapes or signs, using space in making signs, and understanding ASL grammer and reading fingerspelign, using eye contact, and codeswitching between ASL and english

Studies with signing Deaf adults too have generally show that readers with ___________ in ASL have higher ________ scores

higher profiecnty in asl have higher reading compresion scores.

ASL is a language that is spread _______ from deaf child to peer and adult rather than ______ from parent to deaf child, except in cases with Deaf parents who use ASL with their child from birth

horizontally vertically

kids start to understand ______ at an early age at an early age they are making connectino, visual and spaitial skills metag cognition

imagery

ASL Discsourse,

meaning the signer will use sings but also will use what linguist call disncourse or conversational structures that include use of eye gazes, eye blinking, facial expression, and body movement

Signs take longer to form than words, however ASL makes up for its slower articulation with ______

more compact phonological representation as well as by combining movements when expressing words and sentences.

Modality

refers to teh sensory path or channel by which the language is made and understood by its user.

ASL is a visual language that is made up of ____,. _____, and _____

signs, movements and body language

is not the only factor in their development of cognitive abilites.

ASL

what is asl made up of?

ASL is made up of old french sign language, native American Sign Langauge intermingled with the village sign languages of three New England communities, home signs, and gestures

Who opened the first public school for the deaf in Paris

Abbe Charles-Michel de L'Epee

Deaf children also learn ______, the language of instruction in the classroom

Academic ASL

_________ is one of the most fundamental characteritstics of Deaf culture, meaning Deaf peole use the channel of vision in face to face communication through ASL and other sign communciation and use visual technological devices, reading, and writing.

Visual Repertoire

Even with better visual memory deaf studetn still have challenges in learing subject content in the upper grades. Particalry wtih finding reltaionships _________

between the casue and effect of events.

________, ________, _______wrote the first dictionary in ASL, A Dictionary in American Sign Language (1976), which was based on linguistic elements of sign language.

William C. Stoke with Carl Cronenberg and Dorothy Casterline

CDI's provide

a Deaf cultural perspective and specialized langauge translation skills, which make the interpreting process more accurate.

Home signs do not have what

a consistent meaning symbol relationship or formal grammar and are not passed down from generation to generation

All sign languages have what

a phonology (sound system), semantics (vocabulary), syntax (grammar), morphology (study of words parts), and pragmatics or discourse (conversations)

Theory of Mind, or TOM is the

ability to understand other people's feeling, intentions, and emotinos and focuses on how people get along with others and develop empathy.

ASL and spoken english expresse the same

amount of information in the same amount of time

what might deaf students be better at?

better peripherial vision better in forming pictures in their mind remembering pictures or obejects in a room, remebering moving object