AST 201 Ch. 6, Ch. 7, Ch. 8, Ch. 9, Ch. 10, Ch. 11

Can you match the phases to the correct locations on the slide?

0. New Moon 1. Waxing Crescent 2. First Quarter 3. Waxing Gibbous 4. Full Moon 5. Waning Gibbous 6. Third Quarter 7. Waning Crescent

Match the description to the days of the year, for people living on the Northern Hemisphere. 1. The Sun rises north of east and sets north of west. It stays above the horizon the longest. 2. The Sun rises directly east and sets directly west. It spends equal amount of time above and below the horizon. 3. The Sun rises south of east and sets south of west. It stays above the horizon the shortest.

1. Summer Solstice (June 20 or 21) 2. Spring and Fall Equinox (March 21 and Sep 21) 3. winter Solstice (Dec 20 or 21)

According to Figure 2.6 in the chapter by Aveni (1997), see below, how do sunrise positions on the horizon change with seasons in the northern hemisphere?

1. They rise from a due east position (Azimuth angle = 90 degrees) at Equinox. 2. They rise from a position north of east (Azimuth angle less than 90 degrees) at Summer Solstice.

According to the chapter by Aveni (1997), what is the job of a Zuni Pekwin?

1.Follow the horizon position of sunrise as it moves throughout the year from a sun watching station. 2.Keep a calendar on the wall of his house.

According to "Eclipses and the Saros", the periodicity and recurrence of eclipses are governed by the Saros Cycle. Approximately how long is this cycle?

18 years, 11 days, 8 hours

Astronomers estimate that about 25 million meteors strike the Earth's atmosphere each day. How come we haven't run out of meteors in the long history of the Earth?

Meteors are pieces of dirt left over from the formation of our solar system and from old comets; there is a huge supply of small dirt particles from both sources

If now you're facing south and the moon is high in the sky. Approximately what time is this lunar observation?

Midnight

You're facing west and see this moon. Approximately what time is this lunar observation?

Midnight

What tribe imagines the Moon created from a perfect white shell?

Navajo

Is stars in Big dipper absolutely associated to each other?

No

You're facing east and see this moon. Approximately what time is this lunar observation?

Noon

-type stars represent the most massive & largest Main-Sequence stars.

O

When a planet temporarily moves westward in the sky over the course of several weeks or months (instead of eastward, as it typically does), we call it _________ motion

retrograde

More distinct planets appear to move more __________ than planets that are closer to us

slowly

Dark constellations in the milky way are most prominent in the ________ sky

southern

The ages of stony meteorites have been measured to be roughly equal to:

the oldest ages we have measured for any bodies in the solar system.

You're facing west in this picture. Approximately what time is this lunar observation?

6:00 am (sunrise)

You're facing west and see this scenery. Approximately what time is this lunar observation?

6:00pm (sunset)

Which of the following would most likely happen to you according to the Maya, if you met Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli?

You would be injured by darts

From the reading "American Indian beliefs about the eclipse", according to the Diné people (Navajo) when a solar or lunar eclipse occurs what is believed to happen?

A death occurs

In 2013, a small stony asteroid collided with the Earth above the Russian city of Chelabinsk. What was the result?

A fireball briefly brighter than the sun could be seen in the sky

Which of the following describes the theory of the moon's formation (western science version)?

A giant asteroid hit the Earth and blew off a large piece which was caught in orbit.

Match each of the Navajo human figure constellations to their symbol and meaning. 1. Nahookos Bika'ii (Male revolving one) 2. Nahookos Bi'aadii (Female revolving one) 3. Atse Ets'ozi (First Slim one) 4. Atse Etsoh (First big one) 5. Hastiin Sik'ai'ii (Man with legs ajar/solid stance)

1. Ideal Characteristics of a provider and protector for his family and home 2. A mother who exemplifies strength and motherhood and regeneration 3. Whose responsibility is to provide protection to his people 4. Wisdom that comes with age and the process of regeneration 5. Stability and strong posture and balance: principles of thinking and planning

According to Figure 2.5 in the chapter by Aveni (1997), see below, how does the Sun's daily path change with the seasons in the far Northern Hemisphere?

1. In summer, the Sun reaches a higher position at solar noon. 2. In winter, the Sun reaches a lower position at solar noon.

Match the composition of a comet to its description 1. Ion Tail 2. Dust Tail 3. Coma (Halo) 4. Nucleus

1. Linear streams of ions coming out from the nucleus 2. Diffuse and curved; only appear when it is very close to the Sun 3. Gas dust; surrounding the nucleus 4. Ice and dust; a few kilometers big

Sort the evolution of the Sun-like stars, from Main Sequence (1) to a White Dwarf (4).

1. Main Sequence 2. Red Giant 3. Planetary Nebula 4. White Dwarf

Sort the evolution of massive/very massive stars, from Main Sequence (1) to a Neutron Star (4).

1. Main Sequence 2. Red Giant/Supergiant 3. Supernova Explosion 4. Neutron Star or Black Hole

As discussed in the lecture, which effect(s) cause the temperature to drop in northern hemisphere winter?

1. Nights are longer. 2. The Sun is lower in the sky

Match the Inuit constellations to their wester counter part. 1. Ullakut (runners) 2.Akuttujuuk (two places far apart) 3. Quturjuuk (collar bones) 4. Sakiattiak (breast bone of ringed seal) 5. Nuuttuittuq (the one never moves) 6. Tukturjuit (caribou) 7. Pituaq (lamp stand) & Uqsuutaattiaq (container) 8. Aviguti ( divider)

1. Orions belt 2. Orion 3. Gemini & Auriga 4. Pleiades 5. Polaris 6. Big Dipper 7. Cassiopeia 8. the Milky Way

Match the Navajo Nahookos constellations to their western counterpart 1. Nahookos Biko' 2. Nahookos Bika'ii 3. Nahookos Bi'aadii

1. Polaris the North Star 2. The Big Dipper 3. Cassiopeia

According to Zeilik (1985), when does the Zuni pekwin start observations prior to winter solstice?

28 days

By studying the craters on the terrestrial planets, we found that during the formation of solar system, there is a period of time when we called it the (Heavy) Bombardment Period. When was this?

3.8 to 4 billion years ago

Now you're facing east and see this scenery. Approximately what time is this lunar observation?

6:00 am (sunrise)

Match all names to the Objects shown in the picture

A. Comet B. Asteroid C. Meteoroid D. Meteor E. Meteor Shower F. Meteorites

According to "American Indian beliefs about the eclipse", the Navajo believe which acts of reverence must be carried out during an eclipse?

All of the above

If there are at least a million asteroids, how did spacecraft like Galileo survive their trip through the asteroid belt?

Although there are many asteroids, they are widely spaced (there is lots of space between them).

The moon is at apogee when it crosses the line of nodes at a new moon phase. The earth is at perihelion. What event is most likely to occur?

An annular solar eclipse

For the Aboriginal Australians, which one of the following is a dark constellation they say in the sky?

An emu

What is the origin of the saying "Dog Days of Summer"?

Ancient Greeks

What event can occur when Sun is between Moon and Earth?

Apocalypse :)

Which star is Ma'ii Bizo

Canopus

The Aurora Borealis (or northern lights) is a broad display of faint colorful light in the northern skies at night. What is the main cause of these lights?

Charged particles from the Solar Wind enter Earth's atmosphere along magnetic field lines and collide with atmospheric gases, causing them to glow.

Can you click on the image where the emu dark constellation is

Coordinates are between: (13, 23) and (499, 363)

Click on the one phase of Venus when it is closer to when Superior Conjunction happened with Earth

Coordinates between: (0, 3) and (103, 113)

Can you click on the image where the mama llama dark constellation is?

Coordinates between: (132, 59) and (405, 210)

Click on the inferior planet when Superior Conjunction happens for the inferior planet and earth

Coordinates between: (186, 112) and (296, 234)

Click on the inferior planet when Inferior Conjunction happens for the inferior planet and Earth

Coordinates between: (194, 369) and (281, 476)

Click on the Superior planet when it is at Conjunction with Earth

Coordinates between: (219, 2) and (353, 146)

Click on the Superior planet when it is at Opposition with Earth

Coordinates between: (240, 498) and (322, 592)

Click on the one phase of Venus when it is at Inferior Conjunction with Earth

Coordinates between: (361, 336) and (596, 596)

Who devoloped the Heliocentric model of the Solar System?

Copernicus

What is currently the best way to defend ourselves against an asteroid which is on course to collide with the Earth in 7 years?

If we do it early enough, we could explode something on or near the asteroid to deflect it slightly, so that years later it would then miss the Earth.

What causes the seasons?

Earth's axis tilt of 23.5 degreee causes the seasons. In winter, the sun shines directly at the Southern Hemisphere. In summer, the sun shines directly at the Northern Hemisphere.

According to Zeilik (1985), what are the two purposes of Puebloan sun watching?

Establish the religious ceremonial calendar and set the times for specific crop plantings.

The patterns of the 88 constellations we have now remained unchanged throughout the entire time

False

type stars represent Main-Sequence stars like our Sun.

G

In what fundamental way did the work of Galileo differ from his predecessors who had though about the sky?

Galileo used instruments, experiments, and observations to show him what nature was doing, instead of relying on pure logic.

Venus is at its furthest distance from the Sun setting behind it in the evening sky. What position is this called?

Greatest Elongation

According to the reading by Monroe and Williamson (1987), what was Coyote's contribution to the stars in the night sky?

He randomly scattered stars everywhere. He place a single star far to the South.

According to the reading by Monroe and Williamson (1987), how did Black God demonstrate his power to the other gods of creation?

He stamped his foot 4 times until a small group of stars lodged along his temple.

According to Aveni (1997), the method of inserting extra days or months into the calendar is called what?

Intercalation

Which of the following was true of the Moon very early in Earth history?

It was closer than now.

Where are the origins of almost all of the comets? Select all answers (more than one) for this question.

Kuiper Belt Oort Cloud

What event can occur when Earth is between Sun and Moon?

Lunar Eclipse

-type stars represent the smallest and least massive Main-Sequence stars.

M

What causes a small displacement of planets path from the ecliptic?

Planets orbital inclinations

What is on the Navajo Black Gods Mask?

Pleiades

Which of the following descriptions about Polynesians and their traditional Wayfinding is wrong?

Polynesian Wayfinding is a lost tradition and cannot never be recovered anymore.

According to the lecture slides, what color does the moon appear during a total lunar eclipse?

Red

According to Zeilik 1986, for the Pueblo people the names of the moons/months are related to what?

Seasonal phenomena and activities

According to Zeilik 1991, when did the month begin for the Pueblo?

Sighting of the first visible crescent

What event can occur when Moon is between Sun and Earth?

Solar Eclipse

Which of the following is a traditional Inuit explanation for the Aurora?

Spirits playing football with a walrus skull.

According to Monroe and Williamson (1987), upon entering a hogan the appropriate way to enter is by walking in which direction?

Sunwise, to the South

According to the lecture slides, which of the following is true of the Moon's path against the background sky of fixed stars throughout its cycle of phases?

The Moon follows near to but not on the Ecliptic

Close inspection of the Moon in the night sky reveals dark patches and lighter regions. Which of the following is the best explanation according to the reading from western astronomy texts?

The light patches are high cratered regions called "lunar highlands" and the dark areas are low smooth areas called "lunar maria."

In the Aboriginal Australian tradition, the path of the planets in the sky is seen as what?

The path to the land of the dead

Why do we see only one side of the Moon?

The time for the Moon to travel around the Earth is the same time it takes for it to spin once on its axis.

According to the article by Zeilik 1985, from what location are sunwatching observations typically made?

Within or close to the Pueblo.

The two figures show the different Earth-Sun_moon configurations that causes the two distinct types of tides. Which one causes the Spring Tide? Click within the correct figure to get points.

Top Left Coordinates(1, 1)Bottom Right Coordinates(468, 237)

The two figures show the different Earth-Sun_moon configurations that causes the two distinct types of tides. Which one causes the Neap Tide? Click within the correct figure to get points.

Top Left Coordinates(2, 245)Bottom Right Coordinates(466, 535)

Click on the features on the Moon that is older.

Top Left Coordinates(206, 260)Bottom Right Coordinates(445, 480)

Which of of the following locations experiences the smallest amount of change in sunlight over the course of a year? Click on the words to receive points.

Top Left Coordinates(232, 272)Bottom Right Coordinates(419, 370)

Which one is the Fall Great Square?

Top Left Coordinates(345, 266)Bottom Right Coordinates(736, 604)

On the H-R Diagram, click on the stars that are the brightest but cool.

Top Left Coordinates(373, 21)Bottom Right Coordinates(712, 220)

Which one is the Summer Triangle?

Top Left Coordinates(384, 2)Bottom Right Coordinates(718, 268)

On the H-R Diagram, click on the stars that are the dimmest and very cold.

Top Left Coordinates(502, 266)Bottom Right Coordinates(715, 420)

On the Main Sequence, click on any stars that are the coolest.

Top Left Coordinates(560, 281)Bottom Right Coordinates(702, 416)

On the H-R Diagram, click on the stars that are the dimmest but hot.

Top Left Coordinates(58, 295)Bottom Right Coordinates(354, 419)

Which one is the Spring Triangle?

Top Left Coordinates(6, 3)Bottom Right Coordinates(336, 328)

Which one is the Winter Triangle?

Top Left Coordinates(6, 336)Bottom Right Coordinates(337, 602)

On the Main Sequence, click on any stars that are the hottest.

Top Left Coordinates(60, 99)Bottom Right Coordinates(218, 238)

On the H-R Diagram, click on the stars that are the brightest and hot.

Top Left Coordinates(63, 24)Bottom Right Coordinates(290, 172)

According to the lecture slides, tidal forces from the Moon causes the ocean to bulge in which directions?

Towards and away from the Moon

Which planet was an important symbol in the "Ghost Dance" movement?

Venus

More than 75% of the known asteroids:

can be found in a belt between Mars and Jupiter.

In Navajo, the North Star is the

central fire

If Earth was tilted more (eg, 60 degrees rather than 23.5 degrees), then during winter at Flagstaff, we would experience [a] temperatures.

cooler

Can you click on the Inca Serpent dark constellation is?

coordinates are between: (566, 97) and (772, 333)

When it comes to our place in the solar system today, we accept the __________ model

heliocentric