Astronomy Chapter 5

I measure a line in the lab at 500.7 nm. The same line in a star has wavelength 502.8 nm. What can I say about this star? A.I t is moving away from me. B. It is moving toward me. C. It has unusually long spectral lines.

A.I t is moving away from me.

Why don't we glow in the dark? A. People do not emit any kind of light. B. People only emit light that is invisible to our eyes. C. People are too small to emit enough light for us to see. D. People do not contain enough radioactive material.

B. People only emit light that is invisible to our eyes.

The higher the photon energy, A. the longer its wavelength. B. the shorter its wavelength. C. energy is independent of wavelength.

B. the shorter its wavelength.

Choose the correct definition of an atom's atomic mass number. a) An atom's atomic mass number is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons. b) An atom's atomic mass number is the number of electrons plus the number of neutrons. c) An atom's atomic mass number is the number of particles. d) An atom's atomic mass number is the number of protons plus the number of electrons.

a) An atom's atomic mass number is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.

The atomic nuclei of the same element always have the same number of protons. a) True b) False

a) True

The shorter the wavelength of light, the higher its frequency. a) True b) False

a) True

X-rays always have more energy than radio waves. a) True b) False

a) True

If a distant galaxy has a substantial redshift (as viewed from our galaxy), then anyone living in that galaxy would see a substantial redshift in a spectrum of the Milky Way Galaxy. a) Yes, and the redshifts would be the same. b) Yes, but we would measure a higher redshift than they would. c) Yes, but we would measure a lower redshift than they would. d) No, they would not measure a redshift toward us. e) No, they would measure a blueshift.

a) Yes, and the redshifts would be the same.

When an electron in an atom jumps from a high-energy orbital to a lower-energy one, what happens? a) a photon of light is emitted b) a photon of light is absorbed c) the atom's temperature changes d) the atom changes color e) none of the above

a) a photon of light is emitted

How much electrical charge does an atom with 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 5 electrons have? a) a positive charge of +1 b) a negative charge of -5 c) a total charge of +17 d) a positive charge of +7 e) none of the above

a) a positive charge of +1

The spectrum from an incandescent (with a filament) light bulb is a(n) a) continuous spectrum. b) emission line spectrum. c) absorption line spectrum. d) combination of A and B. e) combination of B and C.

a) continuous spectrum.

What kind of spectrum does hot gas produce? a) emission line b) absorption line c) continuous d) infrared e) ultraviolet

a) emission line

Which carries the most energy? a) gamma rays b) X rays c) ultraviolet light d) visible light e) radio waves

a) gamma rays

Which is likely to originate from the hottest (most energetic) object? a) gamma rays b) X rays c) ultraviolet light d) visible light e) radio waves

a) gamma rays

From shortest to longest wavelength, which of the following correctly orders the different categories of electromagnetic radiation? a) gamma rays, X rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, radio b) gamma rays, X rays, visible light, ultraviolet, infrared, radio c) visible light, infrared, X rays, ultraviolet, gamma rays, radio d) radio, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X rays, gamma rays e) infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X rays, gamma rays, radio

a) gamma rays, X rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, radio

A plasma is a a) gas of ions. b) charged solid. c) neutral liquid. d) neutral gas. e) flat-screen television

a) gas of ions.

We can't see infrared, but we can perceive it as a) heat. b) sound. c) static.

a) heat.

Compared to red light, blue light has higher frequency and a) higher energy and shorter wavelength than red light. b) higher energy and longer wavelength than red light. c) lower energy and shorter wavelength than red light.

a) higher energy and shorter wavelength than red light.

Turning up the intensity of a light source a) increases the number of photons it emits per second. b) decreases the frequency of the photons it emits. c) increases the frequency of the photons it emits. d) increases the speed of the photons it emits. e) none of the above

a) increases the number of photons it emits per second.

By looking at the light of a hot, solid object, you can tell a) its temperature. b) what it is made of. c) both A and B d) none of the above

a) its temperature.

The spectrum of a hot solid does not tell you anything about what it is made of. a) true b) false

a) true

Can the Doppler shift be measured with invisible light? a) yes b) no

a) yes

Does the Doppler shift affect sound? a) yes b) no

a) yes

What is the pressure exerted by Earth's atmosphere on the surface of Earth? a) 273 Kelvin b) 14.7 pounds per square inch c) 273 pounds per square inch d) 1 pound per square inch e) 147 pounds per square inch

b) 14.7 pounds per square inch

If two objects are the same size but one object is 3 times hotter than the other object, the hotter object emits a) 12 times more energy. b) 81 times more energy. c) 3 times more energy. d) 9 times more energy. e) none of the above

b) 81 times more energy.

When an atom absorbs a photon containing energy, any of the following can happen except which? a) The atom becomes excited. b) An electron moves from an upper energy level to a lower one. c) The atom is ionized. d) An electron moves from a lower energy level to an upper one.

b) An electron moves from an upper energy level to a lower one.

How do electrons in an atom change energy? a) Electrons can only gain energy by leaving the atom (creating an ion). b) Electrons move between discrete energy levels, or escape the atom if given enough energy. c) Electrons can have any energy below the ionization energy within the atom, or escape if given enough energy. d) Electrons can have any energy within the atom, and cannot be given enough energy to cause them to escape the atom. e) Electrons move between discrete energy levels within the atom, and cannot accept an amount of energy that causes them to escape the atom.

b) Electrons move between discrete energy levels, or escape the atom if given enough energy.

Which of the following statements about electrons is not true? a) Electrons can jump between energy levels in an atom only if they receive or give up an amount of energy equal to the difference in energy between the energy levels. b) Electrons orbit the nucleus rather like planets orbiting the Sun. c) Within an atom, an electron can have only particular energies. d) An electron has a negative electrical charge. e) Electrons have very little mass compared to protons or neutrons.

b) Electrons orbit the nucleus rather like planets orbiting the Sun.

Any object moving relative to Earth will have a Doppler shift. a) True b) False

b) False

The atomic nuclei of the same element always have the same number of neutrons. a) True b) False

b) False

The greater the wavelength of light, the greater its energy. a) True b) False

b) False

How is the isotope 14C different from 12C? a) It has more protons. b) It has more neutrons. c) It has more electrons. d) all of the above e) none of the above

b) It has more neutrons.

Consider an atom of gold in which the nucleus contains 79 protons and 118 neutrons. What is its atomic number and atomic weight? a) The atomic number is 118, and the atomic weight is 197. b) The atomic number is 79, and the atomic weight is 197. c) The atomic number is 79, and the atomic weight is 118. d) The atomic number is 118, and the atomic weight is 79.

b) The atomic number is 79, and the atomic weight is 197.

How does the Doppler effect affect an emission line spectrum if the emitting object is rotating? a) It does not change. b) The emission lines get broader. c) The emission lines get narrower. d) The emission lines move closer to each other. e) The emission lines move further from each other.

b) The emission lines get broader.

Choose the correct conditions, under which two atoms are different isotopes of the same element. a) Two atoms having the same number of protons and different numbers of electrons. b) Two atoms having the same number of protons and different numbers of neutrons. c) Two atoms having the same number of neutrons and different numbers of protons. d) Two atoms having the same number of electrons and different numbers of protons.

b) Two atoms having the same number of protons and different numbers of neutrons.

What's the difference in what you see when visible light of different energies enters your eye? a) You see a range of brightnesses. b) You see different colors. c) Your eye feels different temperatures. d) More energetic light makes you blink. e) none of the above

b) You see different colors.

What can cause an electron to jump from a low-energy orbital to a higher-energy one? a) a photon of light is emitted b) a photon of light is absorbed c) the atom's temperature changes d) the atom changes color e) none of the above

b) a photon of light is absorbed

If all the colors (a continuous spectrum) pass through a gas, what kind of spectrum do you get? a) emission line b) absorption line c) continuous d) infrared e) ultraviolet

b) absorption line

The visible spectrum of the Sun is a(n) a) emission line spectrum. b) absorption line spectrum. c) continuous spectrum. d) Doppler shifted spectrum. e) none of the above

b) absorption line spectrum.

Which of the following lists the different kinds of light in order from shortest to longest wavelength? a) visible light, ultraviolet, infrared, radio, microwaves, X rays, gamma rays b) gamma rays, X rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, radio c) xrays,ultraviolet,visible,infrared,radio,gammarays d) ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, gamma rays, X rays

b) gamma rays, X rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, radio

In a continuous spectrum, what controls how much energy comes out in different colors (more red or more blue light)? a) what the object is made of b) how hot the object is c) A and B d) none of the above

b) how hot the object is

What determines a star's color? a) what the star is made of b) how hot the star is c) A and B d) none of the above

b) how hot the star is

The loss of an electron from a neutral helium atom results in a) ionized hydrogen. b) ionized helium. c) neutral hydrogen. d) ionized deuterium. e) neutral deuterium.

b) ionized helium.

From lowest energy to highest energy, which of the following correctly orders the different categories of electromagnetic radiation? a) radio, X rays, visible light, ultraviolet, infrared, gamma rays b) radio, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X rays, gamma rays c) infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X rays, gamma rays, radio d) gamma rays, X rays, visible light, ultraviolet, infrared, radio e) visible light, infrared, X rays, ultraviolet, gamma rays, radio

b) radio, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X rays, gamma rays

Without telescopes or other aid, we can see the Moon because it a) emits thermal radiation. b) reflects visible light. c) glows through radioactive decay. d) reflects infrared light. e) emits visible light.

b) reflects visible light.

If a source of light is moving away from you, its spectrum will be a) shifted to shorter wavelengths (blueshifted). b) shifted to longer wavelengths (redshifted). c) unaffected.

b) shifted to longer wavelengths (redshifted).

We should not expect to see an visible emission line spectrum from a very cold cloud of hydrogen gas because a) hydrogen gas does not have any visible emission lines. b) the gas is too cold for collisions to bump electrons up from the ground state (lowest energy level). c) hydrogengasistransparenttoopticallight. d) emission lines are only found in hot objects. e) cold objects only produce absorption lines.

b) the gas is too cold for collisions to bump electrons up from the ground state (lowest energy level).

The speed of light is a) about 30,000 km/s. b) the product of its wavelength and its frequency. c) dependent on the strength of the electromagnetic field. d) all of the above

b) the product of its wavelength and its frequency.

What is the average power consumption of a human? a) 1 joule/s b) 1 watt c) 100 watts d) 107 watts e) A and B

c) 100 watts

What is the atomic mass number of carbon-13 (6 protons, 7 neutrons, 6 electrons)? a) 6 b) 7 c) 13 d) 19 e) 12

c) 13

Choose the correct definition of electrical charge. a) Electrical charge is a measure of how far is something from a source electromagnetic fields. b) Electrical charge is a measure of how strongly electromagnetic fields interact with each other. c) Electrical charge is a measure of how strongly something will interact with electromagnetic fields. d) Electrical charge is a measure of how far electromagnetic fields are from each other.

c) Electrical charge is a measure of how strongly something will interact with electromagnetic fields.

If you had X-ray vision, then you could read an entire book without turning any pages. a) Yes, but you would not be able to differentiate between different optical colors. b) Yes, but all the pages would merge into one. c) No, a book doesn't emit X-rays so you wouldn't see anything. d) No, the X-rays would be absorbed by the book and you would not be able to read past the cover. e) No, the words would not stand out so you would just see blank pages.

c) No, a book doesn't emit X-rays so you wouldn't see anything.

What does the 12 in 12 C (pronounced "carbon twelve") mean? a) This is the twelfth element in the periodic table. b) The atom has 12 protons in its nucleus. c) The atom has 6 protons and 6 neutrons in its nucleus. d) The atom has 12 electrons. e) none of the above

c) The atom has 6 protons and 6 neutrons in its nucleus.

How does visible light compare to radio waves? a) Visible light is a form of light wave while radio waves are not. b) Radio waves are a form of electromagnetic wave, while visible light is not. c) Visible light waves have a shorter wavelength than radio waves. d) Radio waves have a higher frequency than visible light waves. e) All of the above

c) Visible light waves have a shorter wavelength than radio waves.

Sunlight shining through a thin, cool gas produces a(n) a) continuous spectrum. b) emission line spectrum. c) absorption line spectrum. d) combination of A and B. e) combination of B and C.

c) absorption line spectrum.

What kind of spectrum does a hot solid produce? a) emission line b) absorption line c) continuous d) infrared e) ultraviolet

c) continuous

When an electron in an atom goes from a higher energy state to a lower energy state, the atom a) can absorb a photon of any frequency. b) can emit a photon of any frequency. c) emits a photon of a specific frequency. d) absorbs several photons of a specific frequency. e) absorbs a photon of a specific frequency.

c) emits a photon of a specific frequency.

Wien's Law states that a) hotter objects produce more emission lines than cooler objects. b) hotter objects produce emission lines at shorter wavelengths than cooler objects. c) hotter objects are brightest at a shorter wavelength than cooler objects. d) all of the above. e) none of the above

c) hotter objects are brightest at a shorter wavelength than cooler objects.

A molecule is a) a collection of protons and neutrons. b) a collection of protons, neutrons, and electrons. c) two or more atoms linked together. d) an atom that is missing one or more electrons.

c) two or more atoms linked together.

What happens to thermal radiation (a continuous spectrum) if you make the source twice as hot? a) twice as much energy is emitted b) 4 times as much energy is emitted c) 8 times as much energy is emitted d) 16 times as much energy is emitted

d) 16 times as much energy is emitted

An atom of the element iron has an atomic number of 26 and an atomic weight of 56. If it is neutral, how many protons, neutrons, and electrons does it have? a) 13 protons, 56 neutrons, 13 electrons b) 26 protons, 56 neutrons, 26 electrons c) 26 protons, 30 neutrons, 30 electrons d) 26 protons, 30 neutrons, 26 electrons e) 13 protons, 43 neutrons, 13 electrons

d) 26 protons, 30 neutrons, 26 electrons

Compared to red light, blue light has a) shorter wavelengths. b) longer wavelengths. c) higher energy photons. d) A and C e) none of the above

d) A and C

In what ways is an electron orbiting the nucleus of an atom different from a planet orbiting the Sun? a) The central force is the electromagnetic force, not gravity. b) Not all orbits are allowed (they are quantized). c) An electron can jump or make a transition from one orbital to another. d) All of the above

d) All of the above

Choose the correct definition of an atom's atomic number. a) An atom's atomic number is the number of particles it has in its nucleus. b) An atom's atomic number is the number of neutrons it has in its nucleus. c) An atom's atomic number is the number of electrons it has in its nucleus. d) An atom's atomic number is the number of protons it has in its nucleus.

d) An atom's atomic number is the number of protons it has in its nucleus.

What controls the color of a shirt, a planet, or anything that shines by reflecting light? a) its temperature b) how well it reflects light of different colors c) the color of the light hitting it d) B and C e) A, B, and C

d) B and C

If the Sun's surface became much hotter (while the Sun's size remained the same), it would emit more ultraviolet light but less visible light than it currently emits. a) Yes, because the visible light would be absorbed by the Sun's warmer surface. b) Yes, because the Sun's warmer surface would emit more ultraviolet light and less visible light. c) No, the Sun's warmer surface would emit less light at all wavelengths. d) No, the Sun's warmer surface would emit more light at all wavelengths. e) No, because if the Sun's size remained the same, the amount of light emitted would remain the same at all wavelengths.

d) No, the Sun's warmer surface would emit more light at all wavelengths.

How does the Doppler effect affect an emission line spectrum if the emitting object is moving toward you? a) It does not change. b) The emission lines get brighter. c) The emission lines get dimmer. d) The emission lines move to shorter wavelengths. e) The emission lines move to longer wavelengths.

d) The emission lines move to shorter wavelengths.

If one object has a large redshift and another object has a small redshift, what can we conclude about these two objects? a) The one with the large redshift is moving toward us faster than the one with the small redshift. b) The one with the large redshift is hotter and therefore is putting out more radiation. c) The one with the large redshift is redder than the other one. d) The one with the large redshift is moving away from us faster than the one with the small redshift. e) The one with the large redshift is moving away from us, and the one with the small redshift is moving toward us.

d) The one with the large redshift is moving away from us faster than the one with the small redshift.

Which of the following statements about X rays and radio waves is not true? a) X rays and radio waves are both forms of light, or electromagnetic radiation. b) X rays have higher energy than radio waves. c) X rays have shorter wavelengths than radio waves. d) X rays travel through space faster than radio waves. e) X rays have higher frequency than radio waves.

d) X rays travel through space faster than radio waves.

What is light? a) a wave, like sound only much faster b) a particle (each one is a photon) c) the absence of dark. d) a kind of energy we model with some of the properties of waves and some properties of particles e) the sensation you feel when hit by energy, visible or invisible

d) a kind of energy we model with some of the properties of waves and some properties of particles

If a material is highly opaque, then it a) emits most light. b) transmits most light. c) reflects most light. d) absorbs most light. e) scatters most light.

d) absorbs most light.

Since each element has a different number of protons and electrons and a different pattern of orbitals, a) gasses made of different elements have different patterns of emission and absorption lines. b) each element's spectrum is unique. c) we can tell what a gas is made of from by looking at its spectrum. d) all of the above e) A and B

d) all of the above

What is the electromagnetic spectrum? a) light of all different wavelengths b) light of all different energies c) radiation, some of which is dangerous, and some of which is harmless d) all of the above

d) all of the above

The wavelengths of emission lines from a gas depend on a) the electron energy levels of atoms in the gas. b) how ionized the gas is. c) the rotation and vibration energy levels of molecules in the gas. d) all of the above. e) none of the above.

d) all of the above.

When white light passes through a cool cloud of gas, we see a) thermal radiation. b) visible light. c) an emission line spectrum. d) an absorption line spectrum. e) infrared light.

d) an absorption line spectrum.

When light approaches matter, it can a) be absorbed by the atoms in the matter. b) be transmitted through the matter. c) bounce off the matter, and be reflected. d) any of the above e) Only B or C

d) any of the above

A photon with a longer wavelength a) is more energetic than a photon with a short wavelength. b) travels slower than a photon with a short wavelength. c) is more blue than a photon with a short wavelength. d) has a lower frequency than a photon with a short wavelength. e) All of the above

d) has a lower frequency than a photon with a short wavelength.

A red chair appears red to the eye because a) it emits red light. b) it transmits red light. c) it absorbs red light. d) it reflects red light. e) all of the above

d) it reflects red light.

Vaporization is the process in which a) electrons are stripped from atoms. b) molecules go from the solid phase to the liquid phase. c) molecules go from the liquid phase to the gas phase. d) molecules go from the solid phase to the gas phase. e) electrons are captured by ions.

d) molecules go from the solid phase to the gas phase.

Thermal radiation is defined as a) radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum. b) radiation in the form of emission lines from an object. c) radiation produced by a hot object. d) radiation that depends only on the emitting object's temperature. e) radiation that is felt as heat.

d) radiation that depends only on the emitting object's temperature.

Dissociation is the process in which a) the bonds between electrons around an atomic nucleus are broken. b) a molecule goes from the solid phase to the gas phase. c) an element changes into another form. d) the bonds between atoms in a molecule are broken. e) an electron is shared between atomic nuclei.

d) the bonds between atoms in a molecule are broken.

The wavelength of a wave is a) how strong the wave is. b) equal to the speed of the wave times the wave's frequency. c) the distance between where the wave is emitted and where it is absorbed. d) the distance between two adjacent peaks of the wave. e) the distance between a peak of the wave and the next trough.

d) the distance between two adjacent peaks of the wave.

The hottest star is one that appears a) orange. b) red. c) yellow. d) white or bluish-white. e) They are all the same temperature; they just look different colors.

d) white or bluish-white.

If you have a 100-watt light bulb, how much energy does it use each minute? a) 6,000 watts b) 600 joules c) 100 joules d) 600 watts e) 6,000 joules

e) 6,000 joules

What is found in the nucleus of atoms? a) protons with a + charge b) neutrons with no charge c) electrons with a - charge d) all of the above e) A and B

e) A and B

What happens to thermal radiation (a continuous spectrum) if you make the source hotter? a) It produces more energy at all wavelengths. b) The peak of the spectrum shifts redward. c) The peak of the spectrum shifts blueward. d) A and B e) A and C

e) A and C

Which of the following statements about thermal radiation is always true? a) A hot object emits more radio waves than a cool object. b) A hot object emits more X rays than a cool object. c) A hot object emits less total radiation than a cool object. d) A hot object emits more total radiation than a cool object. e) A hot object emits more total radiation per unit surface area than a cool object.

e) A hot object emits more total radiation per unit surface area than a cool object.

What is a spectrum? a) A spectrum is the pattern of colors produced when light shines through a prism. b) A spectrum is the pattern of colors produced when light shines through a diffraction grating. c) Aspectrumisadeviceusedtostudytheconstituent colors of light. d) A spectrum is the pattern of directions that light travels after reflecting off a surface. e) AandB

e) AandB

Suppose you observed the spectrum of sunlight reflected from Mars. Compared to the spectrum of the Sun observed directly, it would have a) more emission lines. b) more absorption lines. c) more energy in the red part of the spectrum. d) A and C e) B and C

e) B and C

How can light behave as both a wave and a particle? a) It doesn't really. b) It really is both a wave and a particle. c) Light and small objects such as atoms behave in ways we never see in everyday objects, so we can't describe them in everyday terms. d) This is what quantum mechanics describes. e) C and D

e) C and D

How are wavelength, frequency, and energy related for photons of light? a) Longer wavelength means higher frequency and lower energy. b) Longer wavelength means lower frequency and higher energy. c) Longer wavelength means higher frequency and higher energy. d) There is no simple relationship because different photons travel at different speeds. e) Longer wavelength means lower frequency and lower energy.

e) Longer wavelength means lower frequency and lower energy.

Which travels fastest? a) X rays b) ultraviolet light c) visible light d) radio waves e) They all travel at the same speed.

e) They all travel at the same speed.

The hottest shirt is one that appears a) orange. b) red. c) yellow. d) white or bluish-white. e) They are all the same temperature; they just look different colors.

e) They are all the same temperature; they just look different colors.

A perfectly opaque object that absorbs all radiation and reemits the absorbed energy as thermal radiation is a) a hot, dense cloud of gas. b) an infrared radiation emitter. c) transparent. d) a cold, dense cloud of gas. e) a thermal emitter.

e) a thermal emitter.

Compared to the volume of its nucleus, the volume of an atom is about a) the same. b) a million times greater. c) a thousand times greater. d) a billion times greater. e) a trillion times greater.

e) a trillion times greater.

In what ways is an electron orbiting the nucleus of an atom like a planet orbiting the Sun? a) Both are held in orbit by a force. b) The smallest orbits are the most tightly held. c) If you give an electron or a planet more energy, it will move to a bigger orbit. d) If you give an electron or a planet enough energy, it can break free. e) all of the above

e) all of the above

The frequency of a wave is a) the number of peaks passing by any point each second. b) equal to the speed of the wave divided by the wavelength of the wave. c) measured in cycles per second. d) measured in hertz (Hz). e) all of the above

e) all of the above

If you heat a gas so that collisions are continually bumping electrons to higher energy levels, when the electrons fall back to lower energy levels the gas produces a) X rays. b) thermal radiation. c) radio waves. d) an absorption line spectrum. e) an emission line spectrum.

e) an emission line spectrum.

The spectra of most galaxies show redshifts. This means that their spectral lines a) have wavelengths that are shorter than normal. b) have a higher intensity in the red part of the spectrum. c) always are in the red part of the visible spectrum. d) have normal wavelengths, but absorption of light makes them appear red. e) have wavelengths that are longer than normal.

e) have wavelengths that are longer than normal.

Light with a short wavelength a) has a lower frequency than light with a long wavelength. b) is redder than light with a long wavelength. c) has less energy than light with a long wavelength. d) all of the above e) none of the above

e) none of the above

Which lists the phases of matter in order of increasing temperature? a) solid, gas, plasma, liquid b) solid, liquid, plasma, gas c) plasma, gas, liquid, solid d) plasma, liquid, gas, solid e) solid, liquid, gas, plasma

e) solid, liquid, gas, plasma