Astronomy Exam 1 Clicker Questions

Newton's second law of motion • A. Force = mass X acceleration • B. Momentum = mass X acceleration • C. Force = mass X velocity • D. Kinetic energy = 1⁄2 mv2 • E. Acceleration due to gravity = 32 ft/sec2

A. Force=mass X acceleration

Qz1: q.9: Earth's axis of rotation is tilted about 23.5 degrees relative to A. the axis of its orbit around the Sun. B. the axis of the Sun's orbit in the Milky Way. C. the axis of the orbit of the Moon. D. the central axis of the Local Group. E. the North Pole.

A. the axis of its orbit around the Sun.

If the Moon is setting at midnight, the phase of the Moon must be • A. full • B. first quarter • C. waning crescent • D. new • E. third quarter

B. First quarter

Qz.3, q.9: Who discovered that Jupiter has moons? • A. Ptolemy • B. Galileo • C. Aristotle • D. Kepler • E. Tycho

B. Galileo

Which object has the most eccentric orbit? • A. The Earth • B. Halley's comet • C. Uranus • D. Mercury • E. Jupiter

B. Halley's comet

Qz.3, q.3: What did Tycho Brahe do that advanced astronomy significantly? • A. Realized that orbits didn't have to be circles, they could be ellipses • B. Made more accurate observations of planets than anyone before him • C. Thought of the idea of circles moving on circles (epicycles) to explain planet's motion • D.ProvedCopernicuswrong • E.ProvedPtolemycorrect

B. Made more accurate observations of planets than anyone before him

Qz. 5, q. 5: Momentum = • A. Mass x acceleration • B. Mass x velocity • C. Rate of change of position • D. An instant of time • E. A and C

B. Mass x velocity

The medieval scientist who first applied geometry to physics was • A. Bede the Venerable • B. Robert Grosseteste • C. Thomas Bradwardine • D. Albertus Magnus • E. Geoffrey Chaucer

B. Robert Grosseteste

When was the Milesian school of science active? • A. In pre-historic times • B. Between World War I and II • C. In the high Middle Ages • D. During the Renaissance • E. In the 6th century BC

E. In the 6th century BC

Eclipse seasons in 2016 occur in • A. May and June • B. February, August, and October • C. January and June • D. April, July, and November • E. March and September

E. March and September

Qz.3, q.1: Why were ancient peoples unable to detect stellar parallax? • A. They did detect it, but they rejected the observations • B. They could not see distant stars • C. They did not have the ability to measure small enough angles • D. They did not observe for long enough periods of time • E. They looked in the wrong direction

C. They did not have the ability to measure small enough angles

Kepler showed that • A. A planet moves fastest when it is closest to the Sun • B. A planet moves fastest when it is behind the Sun • C. A planet moves slowest when it is closest to the Sun • D. A planet moves slowest when it is in front of the Sun • E. A planet moves at the same speed at all points of its orbit

A. A planet moves fastest when it is closest to the Sun

Qz.4, q. 8: Which one of these has NO net force acting on it • A. An elevator moving down at constant speed • B. A moon orbiting Jupiter • C. A car coming to a stop • D. A bicycle going around a curve • E. A bus speeding up

A. An elevator moving down at constant speed

Qz2, q.2: Overhead at Earth's north pole, very close to the north celestial pole, is • A. The Big Dipper • B.UrsaMajor,thegreatbear • C. The brightest star in the sky • D. The North Star, Polaris • E. C and D

D. the North Star, Polaris

Qz3,q.6: Kepler's 3rd law: p2 = a3; calculate p If a = 1, p = • A. 0.1 • B. 0.3 • C. 1 • D. 3 • E. 10

C. 1

Qz1: q.6: The Sun completes one revolution of the Milky Way Galaxy every A. year. B. 100,000 years. C. 230,000,000 years. D. 4.5 billion years. E. 14 billion years.

C. 230,000,000 years.

An object moves a distance of 4e6 kilometers in a time of 8e2 seconds. What is its speed? • A. 4e4 km/sec • B. 2e8 km/sec • C. 5e3 km/sec • D. 2e-4 km/sec • E. 5e-3 km/sec

C. 5e3 km/sec •

The angular size of your finger at arm's length is about 1°. How many arcseconds is this? A. 60 arcseconds B. 600 arcseconds C. 60 60 = 3,600 arcseconds D. 600 x 60 = 36,000 arcseconds E. 600 x 600 = 360,000 arcseconds

C. 60 60 = 3,600 arcseconds

What is a mu meson? • A. A sub-atomic particle like a proton • B. A sub-atomic particle like an electron • C. A sub-atomic particle which decays • D. A sub-atomic particle in a uranium bomb • E. A sub-atomic particle in a hydrogen bomb

C. A sub-atomic particle which decays

Why are different stars seen at different times of the year? • A. The tilt of Earth's axis • B. Stars move during the year • C. As Earth orbits the Sun, we see the Sun in front of different constellations • D. Because that's how horoscopes work • E. Precession

C. As Earth orbits the Sun, we see the Sun in front of different constellations

The sky is divided into 88 zones called: • A. Degrees • B. Tropics • C. Constellations • D. Signs • E. Doldrums

C. Constellations

Qz.4, q. 7: What formula did Einstein derive? • A. Kinetic Energy = 1⁄2 mv2 • B. Distance = 1⁄2 at2 • C. E=mc2 • D. wavelength x frequency = speed • E. p2 = a3

C. E=mc2

Qz. 5, q. 2: Which is an example of changing gravitational potential energy into kinetic (motion) energy? • A. Eating food and releasing the energy • B. Riding a bicycle on level ground • C. Falling off a ladder • D. Uranium nucleus undergoing fission • E. Hydrogen nuclei undergoing fusion

C. Falling off a ladder

Qz. 5, q. 6: What are acceptable units for acceleration? • A. Feet per second • B. Meters per light-year • C. Feet per second per second • D. Seconds per hour • E. Kilograms per second per second

C. Feet per second per second

Qz2, q.9: The angular size of an object depends on • A. Its distance and its brightness • B. Its brightness and its physical size • C. Its physical size and its distance • D. Its color and its distance • E. Its brightness and its color

C. Its physical size and its distance

On a certain day, Jupiter enters the constellation of Aquarius. What can you conclude? • A. It's your lucky day • B. It's your unlucky day • C. Nothing much • D. The Moon is at first quarter • E. The Sun will be eclipsed

C. Nothing much

Qz2, q.8: If you were on the Moon, Earth would A. Show no phases B. Show phases the same as the moon (when it is full Moon, it is full Earth, etc.) C. Show phases opposite to the Moon (when it is full Moon, it is new Earth, etc.) D. Always appear dark E. Always appear close to the Sun

C. Show phases opposite to the Moon (when it is full Moon, it is new Earth, etc.)

Qz1: q.2:Put these objects in the correct order, from nearest to farthest from Earth: A. The Sun, the Milky Way, Alpha Centauri, Pluto, the Andromeda galaxy B. The Sun, Alpha Centauri, Pluto, the Andromeda galaxy, the Milky Way C. The Sun, Pluto, Alpha Centauri, the Milky Way, the Andromeda galaxy D. Pluto, the Sun, Alpha Centauri, the Milky Way, the Andromeda galaxy E. Alpha Centauri, the Sun, Pluto, the Andromeda galaxy, the Milky Way

C. The Sun, Pluto, Alpha Centauri, the Milky Way, the Andromeda galaxy

If the tilt of Earth's axis to its orbital plane was 40 degrees, instead of 23 1⁄2, but its distance from the Sun remained the same, what would happen to the seasons? • A. They wouldn't change much • B. They would become less extreme-winter and summer would be more alike • C. They would become more extreme-winter colder and summer warmer • D. All of Earth would get colder • E. All of Earth would get warmer

C. They would become more extreme-winter colder and summer warmer

The medieval scientist who first applied algebra to physics was • A. Bede the Venerable • B. Robert Grosseteste • C. Thomas Bradwardine • D. Albertus Magnus • E. Geoffrey Chaucer

C. Thomas Bradwardine

The North Star (Polaris) is 50° above your horizon, due north. Where are you on Earth? A. You are on the equator. B. You are at the North Pole. C. You are at latitude 50°N. D. You are at longitude 50°E. E. You are at latitude 50°S.

C. You are at latitude 50°N.

The Sun is at one focus of a planet's orbit. What is at the other focus? • A. The Moon • B. Jupiter • C. A comet • D. Nothing • E. An asteroid

D . Nothing

Qz.5, q. 9: What speed is needed for an object to escape from Earth? • A. 300,000 km/sec • B. 60 miles/hour • C. 28,000 km/hour • D. 11 km/sec • E. 1670 km/hour

D. 11 km/sec

Eclipses recur in a cycle called the Saros: how long is the Saros? • A. 173 days • B. 365.25 days • C. 11 years, 101 days • D. 18 years, 11 1/3 days • E. 121 years, 341 days

D. 18 years, 11 1/3 days

Qz.4, q. 10: How fast must a satellite travel to stay up in (low) orbit around Earth? • A. 1670 km/hour • B. 800,000 km/hour • C. 550 miles/hour • D. 28,000 km/hour • E. 32 feet/sec

D. 28,000 km/hour

Kepler's 3rd law: p2 = a3; calculate a if p=100, a = • A. About 0.033 • B. About 0.42 • C. About 9.5 • D. About 21 • E. About 110

D. About 21

Einstein's theory of relativity meets all the criteria of a scientific theory. This means: A. Scientific opinion is about evenly split as to whether relativity really describes the physical world. B. Scientific opinion runs about 90% in favor of the theory of relativity and about 10% opposed. C. The theory of relativity has been falsified. D. After more than 100 years of testing, Einstein's theory stands stronger than ever, having successfully met every scientific challenge to its validity E. There is no longer any doubt that the theory of relativity is absolutely true.

D. After more than 100 years of testing, Einstein's theory stands stronger than ever, having successfully met every scientific challenge to its validity

Qz.4, q. 2: What two quantities did Eratosthenes need to measure in order to determine the circumference of Earth? • A. a distance and a time • B. a time and an angle • C. a speed and a time • D. an angle and a distance • E. a speed and an angle

D. An angle and a distance

Which is the correct order in which things occurred, according to the currently accepted scientific theory of the creation of the universe? A. Birth of the Universe, Earth and Life, Life Cycle of Stars, Galaxies as Cosmic Recycling Plants • B. Birth of the Universe, Life Cycle of Stars, Earth and Life, Galaxies as Cosmic Recycling Plants • C. Birth of the Universe, Galaxies as Cosmic Recycling Plants, Earth and Life, Life Cycle of Stars • D. Birth of the Universe, Galaxies as Cosmic Recycling Plants, Life Cycle of Stars, Earth and Life

D. Birth of the Universe, Galaxies as Cosmic Recycling Plants, Life Cycle of Stars, Earth and Life

Who first suggested the use of epicycles to explain planetary motion? • A. Thales of Miletus • B. Eratosthenes of Alexandria • C. Alexander the Great • D. Claudius Ptolemy • E. Alfonso X

D. Claudius Ptolemy

Who suggested the use of epicycles to explain planetary motion? • A. Thales of Miletus • B. Eratosthenes of Alexandria • C. Alexander the Great • D. Claudius Ptolemy • E. Alfonso X

D. Claudius Ptolemy

Qz.3, q.2: How did Eratosthenes estimate the size of the Earth? • A. He sent fleets of ships around the Earth • B. He observed the duration of a solar eclipse • C. He measured the size of Earth's shadow on the Moon during a lunar eclipse • D. He compared the maximum altitude of the Sun in two cities at different latitudes • E. We don't know: his writings were destroyed

D. He compared the maximum altitude of the Sun in two cities at different latitudes

What did Einstein mean by time dilation? • A. In moving clocks, time stands still • B. In moving clocks, time runs fast • C. In moving clocks, time runs backwards • D. In moving clocks, time runs slow • E. In moving clocks, time goes to infinity

D. In moving clocks, time runs slow

When was Earth shown to be spherical and its circumference measured? • A. Back in pre-historic times • B. In Galileo's time • C. At the start of the Renaissance • D. In the 3rd century BC • E. Around 1492 AD

D. In the 3rd century BC

Qz1: q.10: Which of the following would not make sense as a unit of distance? • A. Light-hour. • B. Light-minute. • C. Light-second. • D. Light-meter. • E. Light-year

D. Light-meter.

Which of the following is the correct ordering from largest to smallest? A. Solar System, Milky Way, Local Supercluster, Local Group • B. Milky Way, Solar System, Local Group, Local Supercluster • C. Local Group, Local Supercluster, Solar System, Milky Way • D. Local Supercluster, Local Group, Milky Way, Solar System • E. Local Supercluster, Milky Way, Solar System, Local Group

D. Local Supercluster, Local Group, Milky Way, Solar System

Qz2, q.5: The first quarter moon rises at approximately: A. Midnight B. Sunset C. Sunrise D. Noon E. It rises at A or B or C or D depending on the time of year

D. Noon

Kepler showed that • A. Planets move in circles with the Sun at the center • B. Planets move in ellipses with the Sun at the center • C. Planets move in ellipses with the Earth at one focus • D. Planets move in ellipses with the Sun at one focus • E. Planets move in ellipses with the Sun at one focus and the Earth at the other focus

D. Planets move in ellipses with the Sun at one focus

Qz.4, q. 4: Tycho Brahe • A. measured the distances to the stars • B. measured the distances to the planets • C. accepted Copernicus's ideas • D. reported observations of a supernova • E. believed in all of Ptolemy's model

D. Reported observations of a supernova

Qz. 5, q. 1: Newton's law of gravity is F = G m1 m2 / d2 When this is used to find the force between Earth and YOU, what is d? • A. Your height above the ground • B. The diameter of Earth • C. The distance from you to the Moon • D. The distance from you to Earth's center • E. No-one knows what d is

D. The distance from you to Earth's center

Who suggested simplicity as a mark of a scientific model? • A. Thomas Aquinas • B. Thomas Bradwardine • C. Leonardo da Vinci • D. William of Occam • E. Tycho Brahe

D. William of Occam

Suppose you tried to count the more than 100 billion stars in our galaxy, at a rate of one per second... How long would it take you? A. a few weeks B. a few months C. a few years D. a few thousand years

D. a few thousand years

What new information did Galileo discover about the Sun? • A. It is bright • B. It lights up the Moon • C. It has planets in orbit around it • D. It has dark spots • E. It sets when the full Moon rises

D. it has dark spots

Qz1: q.4: Which of the following ranks your different astronomical motions from slowest to fastest? A. rotation of Earth, motion of the Sun around the center of the Milky Way, motion of Earth around the Sun B. motion of the Sun around the center of the Milky Way, motion of Earth around the Sun, rotation of Earth C. motion of Earth around the Sun, rotation of Earth, motion of the Sun around the center of the Milky Way D. rotation of Earth, motion of Earth around the Sun, motion of the Sun around the center of the Milky Way E. Motion of the Sun around the center of the Milky Way, rotation of Earth, motion of Earth around the Sun

D. rotation of Earth, motion of Earth around the Sun, motion of the Sun around the center of the Milky Way

Qz1: q.5: Ever since the Big Bang, A. galaxies have been gradually falling back toward each other. B. space has been static and galaxies are not moving very much relative to each other. C. space has continued to expand, with all stars and galaxies moving away from each other. D. space has continued to expand, with clusters of galaxies moving away from each other, but stars remaining in galaxies and galaxies remaining in clusters.

D. space has continued to expand, with clusters of galaxies moving away from each other, but stars remaining in galaxies and galaxies remaining in clusters.

Qz3,q.8: Kepler's 3rd law: p2 = a3; calculate a If p = 1000, a = • A. 1 • B. 3 • C. 10 • D. 30 • E. 100

E. 100

Qz. 5, q. 4: Which of the following does Newton's second law, F = ma, apply to? • A. A planet orbiting a star other than the Sun • B. Two binary stars orbiting each other • C. The force needed to swing a rock on a string • D. The force needed to push a car or bicycle • E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Qz.4, q. 6: Galileo used his telescope to • A. discover sunspots • B. discover craters on the Moon • C. discover phases of Venus • D. discover moons around Jupiter • E. all of the above

E. All of the above

Qz3, q.5: What did Johannes Kepler do? • A. Came up with a theory-elliptical orbits-that explained Tycho's very accurate data • B. Found that planets don't orbit at constant velocity-they speed up when nearer the Sun • C. Discovered the relationship between orbital period and a planet's distance from the Sun • D. Worked with Tycho Brahe • E. All of the above

E. All of the above

When you want to locate the position of an object on the celestial sphere, you use units of: • A. Miles • B. Kilometers • C. Light years • D. Parsecs • E. Degrees

E. Degrees

Qz2, q.6: When might you see the planet Jupiter in the Big Dipper? • A. Summer • B. Winter • C. Only after midnight • D. Only at Full Moon • E. Never

E. Never

Which of the following distances is approximately equal to the distance from the Sun to Earth? A. 8 light-minutes B. 1 light-second C. 300,000 km D. 93,000,000 km E. 35 mm

A. 8 light-minutes``

Why have more people seen an eclipse of the Moon than an eclipse of the Sun? • A. Anyone on the night side of Earth can see a total eclipse of the Moon • B. Eclipses of the Sun are much rarer than eclipses of the Moon • C. The shadow of the Moon is larger than the shadow of Earth • D. Anyone on the day side of Earth can see a total solar eclipse • E. C and D

A. Anyone on the night side of Earth can see a total eclipse of the moon

Qz. 5, q. 3: Which of the following is true? • A. Astronauts in orbit can be weightless. • B. Astronauts in space can be massless. • C. Astronauts are always far enough from Earth that they don't feel their weight. • D. Without air there can be no weight. • E. None of the above

A. Astronauts in orbit can be weightless

Qz2, q.1: When an astronomer describes the altitude of something in the local sky, he or she means: • A. the observer's distance from the equator • B. How high above the horizon something is in the sky, in units of degrees • C. The direction toward something-such as north, south, east, or west • D. how high the observer is above sea-level • E. How high above the horizon something is in the sky, in units of miles or kilometers

B. How high above the horizon something is in the sky, in units of degrees`

Qz1: q.1: Put these objects in the correct order, from nearest to farthest from Earth: A. The Moon, Mars, the Sun, the nearest stars, Pluto B. The Moon, Mars, the Sun, Pluto, the nearest stars C. The Moon, the Sun, Mars, Pluto, the nearest stars D. Mars, the Moon, the Sun, the nearest stars, Pluto E. The Sun, Pluto, the Moon, Mars, the nearest stars

B. The Moon, Mars, the Sun, Pluto, the nearest stars

Why do we see the Moon and planets only in the constellations of the zodiac? • A. The planets all revolve in the same direction around the Sun • B. The planets all orbit in nearly the same plane, and the zodiacal constellations are in that plane. • C. The constellations in the zodiac are the oldest, and the planets have been known from ancient times • D. Horoscopes need this to happen in order to be successful • E. None of the above reasons

B. The planets all orbit in nearly the same plane, and the zodiacal constellations are in that plane.

Qz1: q.8: Because nearly all galaxies are moving away from us, we must be located at the center of the universe. • A. Yes, it is impossible not to be at the center and have everything else move away from us. • B. Yes, this was the astonishing discovery made by Hubble in the 1920s. • C. Yes, if we were not at the center, our solar system would not survive the gravitational tug from other galaxies. • D. No, the center of the universe is at the center of our galaxy. • E. No, everything moves away from everything else in an expanding universe and there is no unique center.

E. No, everything moves away from everything else in an expanding universe and there is no unique center.

How does the gravitational force between two objects change if the distance between them is doubled? A. The force increases by a factor of two. B. The force increases by a factor of four. C. The force remains the same. D. The force decreases by a factor of two. E. The force decreases by a factor of four.

E. The force decreases by a factor of four

Qz. 5, q. 7: How does the gravitational force between two objects change if the distance between them triples? A. The force increases by a factor of three. B. The force increases by a factor of nine. C. The force remains the same. D. The force decreases by a factor of three. E. The force decreases by a factor of nine.

E. The force decreases by a factor of nine

Qz2, q.3: During the year, the Sun appears in front of different groups of stars. What are these called? • A. Circumpolar stars • B. Movie stars • C.Solsticestars • D. The tropical constellations • E. The zodiac constellations

E. The zodiac constellations

Qz.3, q.10: If the Moon is rising at midnight, the phase of the Moon must be • A. full • B. first quarter • C. waning crescent • D. waxing crescent • E. third quarter

E. Third quarter

If a planet travels in a circular orbit without speeding up or slowing down, is it accelerating? A. It depends B. Sometimes C. Maybe D. No E. Yes

E. Yes

It's 9 A.M. You look up in the sky and see a moon with half its face bright and half dark. What phase is it? A. first quarter B. waxing gibbous C. third quarter D. half moon

c. third quarter

Qz2, q.10: Because of precession, someday it will be summer everywhere on Earth at the same time. • Yes, precession will naturally circularize Earth's orbit. • Yes, precession will eventually reduce Earth's axis tilt. • Yes, precession will make summers occur at the same time, but in what is now the northern spring and southern fall. • Yes, but it would take tens of thousands of years, longer than current human history, for this to occur. • No, precession only changes the direction in which the North Pole points, and has nothing to do with the seasons.

No, precession only changes the direction in which the North Pole points, and has nothing to do with the seasons.

Qz.4, q. 1: What made Thales a true scientist? • A. He applied reason to natural events • B. He relied on myths for guidance • C. He lived in a historic city • D. He studied the alignments at Stonehenge • E. He learned from the patterns in the sand of the Nazca desert

A. He applied reason to natural events

Qz.3, q.4. Whose suggestion that the Sun is the center of the solar system was first taken seriously by many people? • A. Copernicus • B. Tycho • C. Kepler • D. Galileo • E. Ptolemy

A. Copernicus

In developing Relativity, Einstein postulated: • A. Nothing can move faster than light • B. Nothing can move faster than sound • C. Maxwell's theory of light is wrong • D. Newton's laws of motion are 100% correct • E. Galileo's theory of tides is 99.99% correct

A. Nothing can move faster than light

Qz.4, q. 3: Nicolaus Copernicus • A. rejected Ptolemy's model • B. made highly accurate observations • C. derived 3 laws of planetary motion • D. invented the telescope • E. discovered stars in the Milky Way

A. Rejected Ptolemy's model

Qz2, q.4: The new moon rises at approximately: A. Sunrise B. Sunset C. Midnight D. Noon E. It rises at A or B or C or D, depending on the time of year

A. Sunrise

Qz. 5, q. 10: If a planet travels in a circular orbit without speeding up or slowing down, is it accelerating? A. Yes B. No C. Maybe D. Sometimes E. It depends

A. Yes

Which of the following has astronomical distances listed in order from smallest to largest? A. 1 AU, 1 light-year, the size of the solar system B. 1 AU, the size of the solar system, 1 light-year C. 1 light-year, 1 AU, the size of the solar system D. 1 light-year, the size of the solar system, 1 AU E. the size of the solar system, 1 AU, 1 light-year

B. 1 AU, the size of the solar system, 1 light-year

The diameter of the Milky Way is about A. 4.5 billion light-years. B. 100,000 light-years. C. 3000 light-years. D. 100,000 AU. E. 3000 AU.

B. 100,000 light-years

Kepler's 3rd law: p2 = a3. Given a=5, what is p? • A. 5.1 • B. 11.2 • C. 25.0 • D. 0.125 • E. 100

B. 11.2

Qz1: q.7: The phrase, "The Phillies haven't won the World Series in light-years" doesn't make sense because A. The Phillies have never won the World Series B. A light-year is a unit of distance, not time. C. A light-year is much greater than a century. D. The Earth is only one light-year old. E. The Yankees have won the most World Series.

B. A light-year is a unit of distance, not time.

What name did Arabic scholars give to Ptolemy's book? • A. Algebra • B. Almagest • C. Algorithm • D. Alhambra • E. Aljazeera

B. Almagest

Qz.4, q. 5: Johannes Kepler • A. observed Mercury in detail • B. derived 3 laws of planetary motion • C. proved that Ptolemy was correct • D. knew Copernicus personally • E. did not believe in horoscopes

B. Derived 3 laws of planetary motion

Qz. 5, q. 8: When I drive my car at 30 miles per hour, it has more kinetic energy than it does at 10 miles per hour. • A. Yes, it has three times as much kinetic energy. • B. Yes, it has nine times as much kinetic energy. • C. No, it has the same kinetic energy. • D. No, it has three times less kinetic energy. • E. No, it has nine times less kinetic energy.

B. Yes, it has nine times as much kinetic energy

The distance to the star nearest to the Sun is A. about 8 light-minutes. B. about 4 light-years. C. about 100,000 light-years. D. about 14 billion light-years. E. about 2500 miles

B. about 4 light-years.

When we look at the most distant observable objects in the universe, we see them A. as they were about 4.5 billion years ago. B. as they were about 14 billion years ago. C. as they are now. D. as they were at some time in the past, depending on which direction we are looking.

B. as they were about 14 billion years ago.

Qz.4, q. 9: On the Moon, which statement is correct? A. your weight is the same; your mass is less. B. your weight is less; your mass is the same. C. your weight is more; your mass is the same. D. your weight is less; your mass is more. E. your weight is the same; your mass is more

B. your weight is less; your mass is the same

Qz1: q.3: In a scale model solar system that used a grapefruit to represent the Sun, how far away should you put another grapefruit to represent Alpha Centauri, the next nearest star? • 10 feet • 1,000 feet • Between 1 and 2 miles • Between 10 and 20 miles • Between 2,000 and 3,000 miles

Between 2,000 and 3,000 miles

Qz2, q.7: True of false: If Earth's orbit were a perfect circle, we would not have seasons. A. False, the seasons are due to the tilt of Earth's axis, not its distance from the Sun. B. True, because Earth would be at the same distance from the Sun throughout its orbit, there would be no summer or winter C. False, the poles would still be cooler than the equator and seasonal variations would therefore still exist. D. True, it is the deviations from a circular orbit that create the seasons E. False, whether circular or not, the seasons depend on the precessio of Earth's axis as it orbits the Sun.

a. False, the seasons are due to the tilt of Earth's axis, not its distance from the Sun.

Qz3,q.7: Kepler's 3rd law: p2 = a3; calculate p If a = 4, p = • A. 1 • B. 2 • C. 4 • D. 8 • E. 20

d. 8

How fast does the Sun orbit around the center of the Milky Way? • A. 800,000 km/hour • B. 30 km/sec • C. 1,670 km/hour • D. 300,000 km/sec • E. 70,000 km/hour

• A. 800,000 km/hour •

How far is the Sun from the center of the Milky Way galaxy? • A. about 8 light minutes • B. about 1 light second • C. about 4 light years • D. about 30,000 light years • E. about 2.5 million light years

• D. about 30,000 light years