Astronomy Final-Chapter: 1-5, 9-14
What are the two models of the solar system?
1) Geocentric-(Old): Where Earth is center of the universe. 2) Heliocentric-(New): Where the sun is center of the universe.
What are the two types of relationship?
1- Direct: As X increase Y increase or as X decrease Y decrease. 2-Inverse: As X increase Y decrease, and vise versa.
What are the three units in physics?
1- Quantity 2- S.I. (System International) 3- C.G.S (Centimeter, Gram, Seconds)
What are the degree of brightness from high to low?
1-Alpha (Most Brightness) 2-Beta 3-Gamma (Less Brightness)
What are the two types of energy?
1. Kinetic- Energy of motion. 2. Potential- Energy of height.
The energy in half a tank of gasoline is 1,000,000,000 joules. Express this value in gigajoules.
1.0 Gigajoules
What is the distance between the sun and earth?
150 Million Kilometer or 92.96 Million Miles
Which is not a unit of length? 1-Angstrom 2-Hertz 3-Kilometer 4-Meter
2-Hertz
The diameter of 12-gauge wire is 2.053x10^-3 meter. This is equivalent to 2.053: 1-km 2-mm 3-µm 4-nm
2-mm
Continental drift speed is 1x10^-9 meter per second. This is equivalent to a speed of: 1-1 Tm/s 2-1 Gm/s 3-1 nm/s 4-1 pm/s
3-1 nm/s
Human hair grows at the rate of 3 nanometers per second. This rate is equivalent to: 1-3x10^-3m/s 2-3x10^-6m/s 3-3x10^-9m/s 4-3x10^-12m/s
3-3x10^-9m/s
The period of rotation of the sun is 2.125x10^6 seconds. This is equivalent to 2.125: 1-µs 2-ms 3-Ms 4-Ts
3-Ms
In one hour how many second are there?
3600 Seconds 1 Hour = 60 min 1 min = 60 Second By doing the math: 1x60x60=3600s
Which is not a fundamental unit? 1-Kilogram 2-Meter 3-Second 4-Watt
4-Watt
Which of these units for power is the smallest? 1-Gigawatt 2-Kilowatt 3-Megawatt 4-Watt
4-Watt
Which of these units for length is the smallest? 1-µm 2-mm 3-nm 4-pm
4-pm
The mean radius of Earth is 6,000,000 meters. Express this value in kilometers.
6,000 Kilometer
How many constellations are there? And how many stars you can see with an unaided eye?
88 constellations and you are able to see about 5,000 stars with an unaided eyes.
The speed of light in a vacuum is A- 300,000km/sec B- 768km/hour C- 186,000 miles per hour D- h=E/c E- Not given
A- 300,000km/sec
Which of these is not a form of electromagnetic radiation? A- DC current from your car battery B- light from your camp fire C- x-ray in the doctor's office D- ultraviolet causing a suntan
A- DC current from your car battery
In the _______ model, the sun is assumed as the center of the solar system. A- Heliocentric B- Geocentric
A- Heliocentric
Which of the following electromagnetic waves has a wavelength longer than 800 nanometers? A- Infrared B- Ultraviolet C- X-ray D- Gamma rays E- All of the above
A- Infrared
In general, what is true of the alpha star in a constellation? A- It is the brightest star in the constellation. B- It is the easternmost star in the constellation. C- It is the westernmost star in the constellation. D- It is the reddest star in the constellation. E- It is the star that is closest to Earth.
A- It is the brightest star in the constellation.
Which of the following statements follows from Kepler's second law? A- The Earth does not travel around the Sun at constant speed B- The orbit of the Earth is smaller than the orbit of Jupiter C- The Mercury completes a full orbit faster than the Earth D- All of the above
A- The Earth does not travel around the Sun at constant speed
Consider this diagram. Which statement is true? A- The amplitude is 4 and the wavelength is 6 B- The amplitude is 6 and the wavelength is 4 C- The amplitude is 8 and the wavelength is 6 D- The amplitude is 4 and the wavelength is 12 E- The amplitude is 8 and the wavelength is 12
A- The amplitude is 4 and the wavelength is 6
The Sun is located in one of the foci of the Earth's orbit. True or False? A- True B- False
A- True
The higher the frequency of the electromagnetic wave, the shorter it's wavelength. True or False? A- True B- False
A- True
An icy leftover planetesimal orbiting the Sun is A- a comet B- a meteor C- an asteroid D- a meteorite E- possibly any of the above
A- a comet
The asteroid belt is located A- between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter B- between the orbits of Earth and Mars C- between the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn D- beyond the orbit of Neptune
A- between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
Which statement is not thought to be true of all comets in our solar system? A- comets always have tails. B- all comets are icy in composition C- all comets orbits the sun D- all comets are leftover planetesimals that origninally condensed beyond the front line in the solar nebula
A- comets always have tails.
If a wave's frequency doubles, it's wavelength A- is halved B- is also doubled C- is unchanged, as C is constant D- is now 4x longer E- becomes 16x longer
A- is halved
The combined mass of all the asteroids in the asteroid belt is A- less than that of any terrestrial planet B- about the same as that of Earth C- about twice that of Earth D- about the same as that of Jupiter E- more than that of all the planets combined
A- less than that of any terrestrial planet
The two forms of E-M radiation that experience the least atmospheric opacity are A- light and radio waves B- light and infrared waves C- microwaves and television waves D- X and gamma radiation E-ultraviolet and infrared waves
A- light and radio waves
The wavelength of red light is _____ the wavelength of blue light. A- longer than B- shorter than C- the same as
A- longer than
The hydrogen atom has ____ in its nucleus. A- one proton B- one neutron C- one electron
A- one proton
If the speed of a car is doubled, the kinetic energy of the car is: A- quadrupled B- doubled C- quartered D- halved
A- quadrupled
The total energy radiated by a blackbody depends on A- the forth power of its temperature B- the square of its temperature C- the square root of its temperature D- the cube root of its temperature E- the cube of its temperature
A- the forth power of its temperature
Why aren't small asteroids spherical in shape? A- the strength of gravity on small asteroids is not large enough to make it spherical B- small asteroids have odd shapes because they were all chipped off larger objects C- larger asteroids were once molten and therefore became spherical, but small asteroids were never molten D- large asteroids became spherical because many small collisions chipped off pieces until only a sphere was left; this did not occur with small asteroids
A- the strength of gravity on small asteroids is not large enough to make it spherical
In the Kelvin scale, absolute zero lies at A- zero K B- 273 degrees C C- -373 degrees C D- Both A and B are correct E- Both A and C are correct
A- zero K
The mass of a high school football player is approximately? A- 10^3kg B- 10^2kg C- 10^1kg D- 10^0kg
B- 10^2kg
Scientists use the term "blackbody" to indicate: A- An object that does not emit light B- An object that does not reflect light C- An object that emits infrared radiation only
B- An object that does not reflect light
The _______ attractions holds the proton and electron in orbit in the hydrogen atom. A- Gravitational B- Electrical C- Inertial D- Nuclear
B- Electrical
A microwave photon carries more energy than an infrared photon. True or False? A- True B- False
B- False
In space, X-rays travel faster than radiowaves. True or False? A- True B- False
B- False
Blue light has higher _______ than red light. A- Speed B- Frequency C- Wavelength
B- Frequency
What are constellations? A- Groups of galaxies gravitationally bound and close together in the sky. B- Groups of stars making an apparent pattern in the celestial sphere. C- Groups of stars gravitationally bound and appearing close together in the sky. D- Ancient story boards, useless to modern astronomers. E- Apparent groupings of stars and planets visible on a given evening.
B- Groups of stars making an apparent pattern in the celestial sphere.
Which of the following statements is not true? A- Objects in the asteroid belt are made mostly of rock and metal B- Objects in the Kuiper belt are made mostly of rock and metal C- Objects in the Oort cloud contain large proportions of ice D- Objects in the asteroid belt and Kuiper belt orbit the Sun in nearly the same plane as the planets, but objects in the Oort cloud do not.
B- Objects in the Kuiper belt are made mostly of rock and metal
A ________ is a particle of light. A- Proton B- Photon C- Electron
B- Photon
What is the Astronomical Unit? A- The official unit of distance in Astronomy B- The average distance from the Earth to the Sun C- The distance of the Earth to the nearest star D- The distance of the Earth to the winter solstice
B- The average distance from the Earth to the Sun
Relative to the stars, the Moon moves from ______ to ________. A- East to West B- West to East
B- West to East
Spectral lines shifted towards higher frequencies are called ________. A- red-shifted B- blue-shifted
B- blue-shifted
Which of the following statements about comets and asteroids is true? A- only asteroids collide with Earth B- comets are balls of ice and dust C- most of the trillions of comets in our solar system have tails D- all asteroids lie in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter E- there are about 1 million known asteroids in the solar system
B- comets are balls of ice and dust
_______ is the most important quality of an astronomical telescope. A- magnification B- resolving power C- ability to see at night D- rigidity
B- resolving power
What is the name given to the phenomenon in which the apparent motions of the planets sometimes reverses? A- perihelion B- retrograde motion C- eccentricity D- tidal friction E- aphelion
B- retrograde motion
Telescope X can resolve two stars that are separated by at least 2 seconds of arc. If telescope Y can resolve two stars that are separated by 1 second of arc, then compared to telescope X: A- telescope Y has half the resolving power, at most B- telescope Y has at least twice the resolving power C- cannot answer without knowing the magnification of each telescope D- cannot answer without knowing the diameter of each telescope
B- telescope Y has at least twice the resolving power
What is retrograde motion?
Back and forth motion of planets.
The diagram below shows a horizontal 8.0-newton force applied to a 4.0-kilogram block on a frictionless table. What is the magnitude of the block's acceleration? A- 9.8m/s^2 B- 32m/s^2 C- 2.0m/s^2 D- 0.50m/s^2
C- 2.0m/s^2
What is an atmospheric window? A- A region in the atmosphere, where light can get through. B- A region in the atmosphere where infrared light can penetrate C- A range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation which transmit through the Earth's atmosphere. D- A frequency range of radiation that is strongly absorbed by the atmosphere. E- None of the above.
C- A range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation which transmit through the Earth's atmosphere.
What is true of a blackbody? A- It appears black to us, regardless of its temperature B- Its energy is not a continuum C- Its energy peaks at the wavelength determined by its temperature D- If its temperature doubled, the peak in its curve would be doubled in wavelength E- It has a complete absence of thermal energy
C- Its energy peaks at the wavelength determined by its temperature
Which is a derived unit? A- Meter B- Second C- Newton D- Kilogram
C- Newton
A star with a declination of +60.0 degrees will be: A- East of the vernal equinox. B- West of the vernal equinox. C- North of the celestial equator. D- South of the celestial equator. E- None of these answers are correct.
C- North of the celestial equator.
Halley's comet is named after the English scientist Edmund Halley because he A- discovered it B- was the first to see it in 1682 C- calculated its orbit and predicted that it would return in 1758 D- was the most famous astronomer in England during its appearance E- was the first to publish pictures of it and report it to the International Astronomical Union (IAU)
C- calculated its orbit and predicted that it would return in 1758
Aphelion is the point in a planetary orbit at which what is true about the planet? A- the location where the major and minor axes of its orbit intersect. B- closest to the Sun C- farthest from the Sun D- closest to the ecliptic plane E- a location that will cause an eclipse
C- farthest from the Sun
Why isn't there a planet where the asteroid belt is located? A- there was not enough material in this part of the solar nebula to form a planet B- a planet once formed here, but it was broken apart by a catastrophic collision C- gravitational tugs from Jupiter prevented material from collecting together to form a planet D- there was too much rocky material to form a terrestrial planet, but not enough gaseous material to form a Jovian planet E- the temperature in this portion of the solar nebula was just right to prevent rock from sticking together
C- gravitational tugs from Jupiter prevented material from collecting together to form a planet
The temperature scale that places zero at the point where all atomic and molecular motion ceases is A- fahrenheit B- celsius C- kelvin D- centigrade E- ransom
C- kelvin
The main advantage of using radio-telescopes is that: A- radio-telescopes have high magnification B- radio-telescopes are easy to build C- radio waves penetrate interstellar dust D- radio telescopes have higher resolving power than optical telescopes of similar size E-radio telescopes are built of metal and therefore are more rigid
C- radio waves penetrate interstellar dust
The major advantage of space-based telescopes is ________. A- they have higher magnification B- they measure the true size of stars C- they are not affected by atmospheric scintillation D- they receive images faster
C- they are not affected by atmospheric scintillation
What is acceleration?
Change in speed
What is the trigonometry of cos angle?
Cosine= is the length of the adjacent side over the length of the hypotenuse
What is the size of the largest asteroid? A- 1km B- 10km C- 100km D- 1,000km E- 10,000km
D- 1,000km
A net force of 25 newtons is applied horizontally to a 10-kilogram block resting on the table. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the block? A- 0.40m/s^2 B- 0.26m/s^2 C- 0.0m/s^2 D- 2.5m/s^2
D- 2.5m/s^2
Into how many constellations is the celestial sphere divided? A- 12 B- 44 C- 57 D- 88 E- 110
D- 88
Star X has surface temperature of 6000K and appears yellow. Star Y appears white. What can we conclude about star Y? A- It's spectrum shows strong Hydrogen emission lines B- It's surface temperature is lower than 6000K C- It's core temperature is about 12,000K D- It's surface temperature is higher than 6000K
D- It's surface temperature is higher than 6000K
What causes the color observed in the common rainbow? A- Blackbody emission from the water droplets B- Line emission from water droplets C- Line absorption from water droplets D- None of the above
D- None of the above
Which of the following is an inherent disadvantage of radio telescopes: A- radio telescopes do not work with visible light B- radio telescopes have low magnification C- radio signals are very weak, and their photons do not penetrate the atmosphere easily D- The longer wavelength of radio waves results in lower resolving power, compared to other telescopes of the same size. E- All of the above
D- The longer wavelength of radio waves results in lower resolving power, compared to other telescopes of the same size.
Which of the following lists Electromagnetic Waves in increasing order of wavelength? A- Radio waves, Infrared, Visible light, Ultraviolet, X-ray B- Infrared, Radio waves, Visible light, Ultraviolet, X-ray C- X-ray, Ultraviolet, Visible light, Radio waves, Infrared D- X-ray, Ultraviolet, Visible light, Infrared, Radio waves E- Ultraviolet, X-ray, Visible light, Infrared, Radio waves
D- X-ray, Ultraviolet, Visible light, Infrared, Radio waves
A wave's velocity is the product of the A- frequency times the period of he wave B- period times the energy of the wave C- amplitude times the frequency of the wave D- frequency times the wavelength of the wave E- amplitude times the wavelength of the wave
D- frequency times the wavelength of the wave
How does the largest asteroid, Ceres, compare in size to other solar system worlds? A- it is larger than Pluto and Mercury B- It is about the size of a large Jovian moon C- it is about the size of Pluto D- it is about a quarter the size of the Moon E- it is smaller than any Jovian moon
D- it is about a quarter the size of the Moon
What do we call a small piece of solar system debris found on Earth? A- solar system debris B- cometary fragment C- meteor D- meteorite E- meteoroid
D- meteorite
On average, how often do impactors about 10km in size, large enough to produce mass extinction, hit Earth? A- once every century B- once every thousand years C- once every million years D- once every hundred million years E- once in Earth's history
D- once every hundred million years
Medium A blocks more of a certain wavelength of radiation than medium B. Medium A has a higher A- transparency B- seeing C- clarity D- opacity E- albedo
D- opacity
Kepler's first law of planetary motion states that a planet in orbit around the Sun will do which of the following? A- move equal distances in equal times B- always move in a circle C- eventually fall into the Sun D- orbital paths are elliptical E- sweep out equal angles in equal times
D- orbital paths are elliptical
What part of a comet points most directly away from the Sun? A- the nucleus B- the coma C- the jets of gas D- the plasma tail E- the dust tail
D- the plasma tail
Which of the these is constant for all forms of E-M radiation in a vacuum? A- amplitude B- wavelength C- frequency D- velocity E- photon energy
D- velocity
The angular resolution of a telescope is limited by the _________ of the telescope and the ________ of the radiation being observed.
Diameter and Lamda
What is velocity?
Distance/Time
Meteorites can come from A- the core of asteroids B- the Moon C- Mars D- comets E- all of the above
E- all of the above
Kepler's second law of planetary motions states that a planet in orbit around the Sun will do which of the following? A- move equal distances in equal times B- always move in a circle C- eventually fall into the Sun D- sweep out equal angles in equal times E- sweep out equal areas in equal times
E- sweep out equal areas in equal times
A large space-based radio-telescope will not suffer from atmospheric scintillation, which causes problems to radio telescopes, and this would be a very significant advantage compared to a land based radio-telescope of the same sized. True or False?
False
Changing the electric field will have no effect on the magnetic fields of a body. True or False?
False
Latitude and right ascension are coordinate systems used to find objects on the Celestial Sphere. True or False?
False
Over 20,000 stars are visible to the naked eye on the darkest, clearest nights. True or False?
False
Right ascension in the sky is very similar to the latitude on the Earth. True or False?
False
The Doppler effect can reveal the rotation speed of a star by the splitting of the spectral lines. True or False?
False
The frequency of a water wave gives us it's height. True or False?
False
The larger the red shift, the faster the distant galaxy is rushing toward us. True or False?
False
The stars of a constellation are all close together in three dimensional space as well as on the celestial sphere. True or False?
False
Wave energy can only be transmitted through a material medium. True or False?
False
While gravity is always attractive, electromagnetic forces are always repulsive. True or False?
False
You would perceive a change in a visible light wave's amplitude as a change in its color. True or False?
False
If a new wave arrives on shore every two seconds, then its frequency is 2 Hz. True or False?
False F=1/2Hz
What are the prefixes of f?
Femto: 10^-15
What is Newton's third law?
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
What are the prefixes of G?
Giga: 10^9
What is Kepler's first law?
Kepler's first law states that the orbit of each planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one focus.
What is Kepler's second law?
Kepler's second law states that as a planet orbits the Sun, it sweeps out equal areas in equal times
What is Kepler's third law?
Kepler's third law states that a planet's orbital period, p, is related to its average (semimajor axis) orbital distance, a, according to the mathematical relationship p2=a3(R3).
What are the prefixes of K?
Kilo: 10^3
What is Newton's first law?
Law of Inertia: An object remain at rest, unless there is an external force that will change the state of rest or motion.
What are the prefixes of M?
Mega: 10^6
What are the prefixes of µ?
Micro: 10^-6
What are the prefixes of m?
Milli: 10^-3
What are the prefixes of n?
Nano: 10^-9
What are the prefixes of P?
Peta: 10^15
What are the prefixes of p?
Pico: 10^-12
A telescope that uses a mirror to focus light is called a ________ telescope.
Reflected
All radio telescopes are of the _______ design.
Reflected
All large modern telescopes are of the _______ type.
Reflectors
A telescope that uses a lens to focus light is called a _________ telescope.
Refracted
What is scientific notation?
Representing very large or small numbers using powers of 10.
What is slope?
Rise over run
What does C.G.S(Centimeter, Gram, Seconds) measure?
Seconds, Centimeter(cm), and Gram(g)
What does S.I.(System International) measure?
Seconds, Meter(m), and Kilogram(kg)
What is the trigonometry of sine angle?
Sine= is the length of the opposite side over the length of the hypotenuse
The light-gathering power of a telescope is determined by the ________ of it's mirror or lens.
Size or Diameter
What is the trigonometry of tan angle?
Tangent= the length of the opposite side over the length of the adjacent side
What are the prefixes of T?
Tera: 10^12
What is Newton's second law?
The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied. A=F/m
What is the celestial sphere?
The celestial sphere is a representation of how the entire sky looks as seen from Earth.
What is a light year?
The distance light travels in one year
What does quantity measure?
Time, Length, and Mass
A 10m diameter telescope has the same light gathering power as the combined light gathering power of 10 telescopes 1 meter in diameter. True or False?
True
As they move through space, the vibrating electrical and magnetic fields of a light wave must move perpendicular to each other. True or False?
True
As white light passes through a prism, the red (longer) wavelengths bend less than the blue (shorter) wavelengths, so forming the rainbow of colors. True or False?
True
If a fire truck's siren is rising in pitch, it must be approaching us. True or False?
True
In general, the brightest star in a given constellation is designated as alpha. True of False?
True
In the sky, declination is measured in degrees north or south of the celestial equator. True or False?
True
Radio waves, visible light, and x-ray are all a type of electromagnetic radiation. True or False?
True
Spectroscopy of a star can reveal its temperature, composition, and line-of-sight motion. True or False?
True
The celestial sphere is divided into 88 modern constellations. True or False?
True
The chemical composition of a gas can be determined by analysis of the spectral lines of the gas. True or False?
True
The closest terrestrial analog to hours of right ascension is angle of longitude. True or False?
True
The design of radio telescopes is very similar to the design of reflecting telescopes. True or False?
True
The greater the disturbance of the medium, the higher the amplitude of the wave. True or False?
True
The south celestial pole is located at a declination of -90 degrees. True or False?
True
The spectral lines from a star that is moving away from the Earth will appear redshifted. True or False?
True
When an atom absorbs energy it becomes excited. True or False?
True
When an atom emits light, it moves from higher to a lower energy state. True or False?
True
What is distance?
Velocity x Time