ATP AND ADP BIO TEST

Where is the energy needed for this process stored?

The energy needed for processes is stored in the bonds of the phosphates. Release the energy by breaking the bond between the last two phosphates conventing ATP TO ADP. (BOND BETWEEN WATER AND PHOSPHATES).

What is ATP good for?

- Short term (immediate energy) - Long term energy using starches/glucose

What are Adenosine and the Triphosphate tails composed of?

1) Adenosine is composed of the nitrogen base adenine and the sugar ribose. 2) The Triphosphate tails contain 3 phosphate groups each of which consist of a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms.

What are the 3 types of work performed by cells?

1) Chemical Work (Building a large molecule) 2) Mechanical Work (Moving muscle protein) 3) Transport Work (Active Transport) Ex: Pumping solutes across a membrane.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A compound used by cells to store and release energy.

Photosynthesis

A process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates, such as sugar and starches.

ATP

A-P-P-P -energy (to release this energy, (break to bond). A-P-P ADP----Adenosine Diphosphate

ATP IS MADE UP.....

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE-ADENOSINE-RIBOSE-PHOSPHATE-PHOSPHATE-PHOSPHATE. (P=storage).

Why is ATP continuously converted to ADP?

ATP is continuously converted to ADP to release energy so cells can do work. ATP can be regenerated from ADP by adding a 3rd phosphate group through an endergonic reaction, which requires energy.

Autotrophs

An organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce it's own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer.

Heterotrophs

An organism that obtains food by consuming other living things; also called a consumer.

Compare and contrast difference between ATP AND ADP!!!!

BOTH -ATP and ADP are both composed of three components known as adenine base, ribose sugar and phosphate groups. -ATP and ADP are energy molecules that are found in all living organisms including the simplest forms to the highest. -They are constantly recycled in the cells for energy storage and release. DIFFERENCE -The key difference between ATP and ADP is the number of phosphate groups they contain. (ATP HAS MORE) ATP -ATP is a high energy molecule which has three phosphate groups attached to a ribose sugar. ADP -ADP is a somewhat similar molecule composed of the same adenine and ribose sugar with only two phosphate molecules.

What happens during a chemical reaction that breaks one of ATP's bonds?

During a chemical reaction that breaks down one of ATP's bonds, the phosphate group is transferred from ATP to a target molecule. This transfer is called phosphorylation. The phosphorylated molecule will either be energized to react with other substances or it will change shape, driving cellular work.

What happens during a chemical reaction. (Endergonic and Exergonic)

Endergonic- Energy absorbed from surroundings (taken IN). - not spontaneous Ex: photosynthesis+ice melting. Exergonic- Releases energy into surroundings (PUT OUT)+ spontaneous. Examples: chemilumescne (light energy) -Exothermic Reaction (heat is released). Both are reversible reactions because the same amount of energy change is the same.

Heterotrophs vs Autotrophs

Heterotrophs Ex: Lion Consume living organisms. Autotrophs Ex: Sunflower Use sun's energy to create own food (Photosynthesis)

What is the hydrolysis process?

The hydrolysis process is a chemical process in which a molecule of water is added to a substance. Ex: 1) protein synthesis 2) filia/flagella movement 3) muscle movement Now we have extra energy. What do we do with it? We want to store it, covert ADP+Energy+P+ATP

What occurs during an exergonic reaction?

The loss of a phosphate is an exergonic reaction, which means it releases energy.

Info on Phosphate Groups.

The phosphate groups are negatively charged and crowded closely together creating the chemical equivalent of a compressed spring.

What happens during a hydrolysis reaction?

The potential energy stored in the unstable ATP molecule is easily related by a hydrolysis reaction.

What happens when one phosphate group is lost?

When one phosphate group is lost, the resulting molecule is ADP.

How would the reduction of ATP production affect a person?

Without enough ATP, cells can't carry out the reactions they need to function, and, after a long enough period of time, may even die.