ATP and energy

Structure of ATP

adenine, ribose, 3 phosphate groups

What are the parts of ATP

adenine, ribose, 3 phosphate groups

ATP is used for (3 things):

chemical work, transport work, mechanical work.

light energy photosynthesis

light energy indirectly fuels ATP by powering transport of electrons (electron transport chain). The energy released during electron transport drives the movement of protons across a membrane (protein gradient) that fuels the production of ATP.

The main source of energy for life comes from

sun

ATP releases energy when

the bonds between phosphate groups are broken.

Equation for photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2 Photosynthesis harnesses light energy to produce ATP and NADPH , which is then used in the calvin cycle with Carbon dioxide to produce organic compounds such as glucose.

Energy from cellular respiration is stored as

ATP

How is ATP produced during photosynthesis?

ATP is produced during Light Dependent reactions. Light energy is used at Photosystem II to create a H+ gradient, which is then provides energy to produce ADP+ P---> ATP

Enzyme that produces ATP

ATP synthase

Heterotroph

An organism that cannot make its own food. Gets its energy from consuming other organisms.

Autotroph

An organism that makes its own food. Ex. Plants and some bacteria.

cellular respiration equation

C6H12O6+6O2->6CO2+6H2O+energy Glucose(food) + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water + energy

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Chemosomosis

H+ gradient produced by the electron transport chain, which is the used by ATP synthase to ADP +P --> ATP

Why are plant appear green?

If light reflected is green, and other colors or wavelengths are absorbed.

When ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP, what happens?

One phosphate is removed and energy is released

cellular respiration

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

potential energy in organic compounds

Stored in bonds

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

The principle stating that every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Energy is always lost as heat when transferring energy.

How is energy stored in ATP?

When Phosphate group is added to create phosphate bond. These bonds are unstable