AWS

47. Describe the EBS volume lifecycle.

1 Create 2 Attach 3 Attached and In Use 4 Create Snapshot 5 Detach 6 Delete

How do Availability Zones in the same Region differ?

1) Physically separate: 10+ miles apart from each other 2) Isolated from each other: different data centers and internal networks

Name and briefly describe six advantages and benefits of using cloud computing on AWS.

1) Trade capital expense for variable expense 2) Benefit from massive economies of scale 3) Eliminate guessing on your capacity needs 4)Increase speed and agility 5) Stop spending money on running and maintaining data centers 6) Go global in minutes

Data retrieval from Amazon Glacier will take _____ to begin:

3-5 hours

What is the largest size object that can be stored in S3?

5 terabytes

There are six S3 storage classes. Name at least three.

?

True or False: An Amazon Machine Image (AMI) can be created from an EBS snapshot

?

True or False: Snapshots of encrypted volumes are automatically encrypted

?

What are provisioned IOPS?

A EBS volume type (SSD storage for EBS). It is the maximum IOPS for an EBS volume Designed to deliver predictable, high performance I/O workloads

What is a hypervisor and what is its main function? Do you have access to the hypervisor layer in AWS? Explain your answer.

A ​Hypervisor​ is computer software, firmware or hardware that creates and runs virtual machines. Allows hardware to be more fully utilized. I believe we do not have access as this is of the cloud which AWS oversees. AWS responsponsibility for ​security of the cloud

What is the AWS Marketplace?

AWS Marketplace​ is a curated digital catalog that makes it easy for customers to find, buy, deploy, and manage third-party software and services that customers need to build solutions and run their businesses.

Explain the difference between a Hybrid Cloud deployment model and an All-In Cloud deployment model.

All in cloud - is everything is in the cloud Hybrid - utilizes both on premises resources and the cloud

What are the two Cloud Deployment Models?

All in cloyd, hybrid, and private cloud

What type of AWS data transfer is free for Amazon S3?

All inbound data transfer to S3​, outbound from S3 to Cloudfront or an EC2 instance within same region

AMI expand this?

Amazon machine images

Expand AWS.

Amazon web service, offers reliable, scalable, and inexpensive cloud computing service and pay what you use.

What is an Instance?

An EC2 virtual server based on the user selected AMI.

API expand this?

Application program interface

What is the difference between availability and durability of data?

Availability​ - refers to the ability to access a resource, its uptimeDurability​ - refers to the probability that a resource will not be corrupted/destroyed

Expand AZ.

Avaliability Zones

Describe the difference between Block Storage and Object Storage. Describe what happens if you change a single character in Block Storage versus what happens if you change a single character in Object Storage.

Block Storage​ → Change on block (piece of the file) that contains the character Object Storage​ → Entire file must be updated

Describe three use cases for EBS.

Boot volumes and storage for Amazon EC2 instances Data storage with a file system Systems requiring constant backups (EBS snapshots) Database hosts (Relational databases) Enterprise applications

CTO expand this?

Chief Technology officer

CIO expand this?

Chief information officer

Expand CIDR, What is it?

Classless inter-domain routing

CLI expand this?

Command Line interface

What is Instance User Data? Give an example.

Data about users across all your instances in a given reservation. example: username

What is a data center? An Availability Zone? A Region? Give two examples of AWS regions.

Data center​ - securely designed; a location where actual physical data resides; never coldAvailability Zone​ - consist of one or more discrete data centers designed for fault isolation, each with redundant power, networking, and connectivity housed in separate facilities. They are interconnected with other Availability Zones using high-speed private links Region​ - a geographical area; made up of two or more AZ's Example: Ex: US East North Virginia, US West North California

Name two of the categories of Platform Services in AWS.

Database and Analytics

What does it mean to be highly available?

Describes a system which is accessible when you need it. It has a very long uptime.

What does it mean to be fault tolerant?

Describes a system with the ability to withstand a certain amount of failure and still remain functional

Describe three advantages and one disadvantage of running enterprise applications in AWS as compared to running your own data center.

Disadvantage: Cloud services could go down, (disadvantage for doing it yourself: Long procurement cycle and set up, upgrades, patches) Advantages: Dedicated resources, Meets compliance standards, Cheaper to maintain higher resource utilization, speed and agility, ability to scale in/out

EBS can be compared to what real hardware device?

Disk drives, A volume based device, (attached using a storage area network)

What is an Edge location?

Edge Location ​- where end users access AWS services, sort of like a cache to get users quicker access, located in most major cities, used by cloudfront to distribute content to users (reducing latency

Expand EBS.

Elastic Block Store

Expand EC2.

Elastic Cloud Compute, is a web service that provides secure, resizable compute capacity in the cloud.

Expand ELB.

Elastic Load Balancing

What is the difference between ephemeral and persistent storage? Which type is EBS? Which type is S2? Which type is Instance Store?

Ephemeral​ → Only lives as long as the system is running (can also be lost in hardware failure) Persistent​ → Persists even when the system is not running, Instance Store → Ephemeral EBS → Persistent S3 → Persistent

True or False: VPCs cannot include resources in more than one Availability Zone.

FALSE, VPCs span AZs

True or False: If you launch an instance using Spot pricing and you terminate it in 30 seconds then you are charged for the full minute.

FALSE, you are charged per second except the first minute

TRUE OR FALSE: A private subnet can be accessible from the public internet.

FALSE​ - no entry in the routing table for an IGW. So any internet traffic can only indirectly access a private subnet.

True or False: An EBS Volume created in one AZ can be attached to an EC2 instance that is running in a different AZ within the same region.

False

True or False: There is a charge for inbound data transfers or data transfers between services within the same region.

False

True or False: You need an access ID key and secret access key to SSH into a Linux EC2 instance.

False

True or false: EBS is an Object Storage system.

False

True or false: S3 is a Block Storage system.

False

. True or False: Data transferred between Regions travel on the public Internet.

False ​→ Amazon has its own private network (AWS backbone network by default) Sometimes traffic between regions uses the public internet

True or False: If you launch an instance using Spot pricing and it is terminated by AWS in 30 minutes then you are charged for the full hour.

False, you are charged per second

True or False: Deploying your enterprise applications in the AWS cloud is cheaper than running your own data center. Explain your answer.

False:​ if your system is highly utilized, it might be cheaper to run a data center compared to running a high utilization cloud, but ​if you have a low utilization and are wasting resources it would be better to deploy in AWS​ because it can scale to your needs. Also, on prem you have a large initial investment for the resources and one needs to be constantly upgrading and updating their system.

True or False: VPC provides various feature to provide security, including Security Groups, Network Access Control Lists, and Key Pairs.

False​ - doesn't have key pairs but does provide security groups and NACL

True or False: A private subnet have a routing table entry to an internet gateway.

False​ - only public subnets have a routing table entry to an internet gateway

True or False: There are many more Regions than Edge locations in AWS. Explain your answer.

False​. There are only 18 regions while there are at least 103 edge locations.

True or False: Every type of instance can use EC2 Instance Store. Explain your answer (this is a trick question).

False​; instance store is temporary block-level storage for your instance, physically attached to the host computer. Some instances are backed up by EBS only, not all instances have instance store

Name at least three EC2 instance type categories.

General purpose, Compute optimized, Memory optimized, Storage optimized, Accelerated computing, Bare Metal

Name four families of EC2 instances.

General purpose, Compute optimized, Memory optimized, Storage optimized, Accelerated computing, Bare Metal

Expand HAAS, What is it? (ASK TEACHER).

Hardware as a service

IAM expand this?

Identity and Access Management

Expand IAAS, What is it?

Infrastructure as a Service

Describe three differences between Amazon EBS and Amazon EC2 Instance Store

Instance Store is Temporary, not persistent through instance stopping or terminating EBS volumes can be larger and can preserve data through instance stops and terminations, and EBS can be encrypted. (can stop instances with EBS because it saves data) EBS can be saved as a snapshot very easily

What is Instance Metadata? Give an example.

Instance metadata is data about your instance that you can use to configure or manage the running instance. Example: ami-id

JSON expand this?

Javascript object notation

For what type of workload would you prefer S3?

Large objects that you don't write often, any kind of object store, not good for objects that require frequent writes/readsNot good for a database

When was the AWS cloud first made available as a product?

March 14, 2006

Name three other commercial clouds in addition to AWS.

Microsoft Azure. Google Cloud. Alibaba Cloud. Oracle Cloud. IBM Cloud.

MFA expand this?

Multi-Factor Authentication

Expand NoSQL.

NoSQL, no structured query language

Overview of all instances.

On-Demand: Is pay for what you usePer second billingLow Cost and FlexibilityFor: Short time, spiky, unpredictable workloads, or application development Spot Instances: Spot pricing based on supply and demandPer second billingLarge Scale, Dynamic workloadsFor: Applications with flexible start and end times, applications with low compute pricing only, users with urgent computing needs. Reserved: is pay low or no upfront feePer second billingPredictability ensures compute capacity is available when neededFor: Steady state or predictable workloads, Applications that require reserved capacity, allows for upfront payments for a reduction in overall cost Dedicated Hosts: Pay on-demand rate for every hour the host is active in the accountSave money on licensing costsHelp meet compliance and regulatory requirementsFor: Bring your own license, Compliance, Control instance placement, usage and licensing tracking

Described at least three differences between On-Demand purchasing and Spot Instance purchasing.

On-Demand​ is for more short term and volatile workloads Spot Instance​ is for applications with flexible start and end times Spot Instance​ can also be applicable for urgent computing needs for large amounts of additional capacity

​For what kind of workload would you prefer on-Demand pricing? Spot pricing? Reserved Instance pricing? Scheduled Instance pricing?

On-Demand​ → Short-term, spiky, unpredictable Spot Pricing​ → Applications with flexible start and end times, only feasible at very low compute prices, and/or urgent computing needs for large amounts of additional capacity. Reserved Pricing ​→ Steady stable, predictable usable workload Scheduled Instances​ are a good choice for workloads that do not run continuously, but do run on a regular schedule.

List four AWS EC2 Purchasing Options.

On-demand Instances, Reserved Instances, Spot Instances, and Dedicated Hosts.

Suppose that the probability that a storage device fails in a year is 1%. Suppose that you store your data redundantly on two independent devices with the same failure rate. What is the probability that you will lose your data in a year? Assuming no use of error correcting codes, on how many devices do you have to redundantly store your data so that the probability of losing it is less than .0000000001% How much time will an application be unavailable in a year if it has 99.999999999% availability?

P(device 1 fails) = 0.01P(device 2 fails) = 0.01To lose your data, both must fail.Therefore, P(device 1 AND device 1 fail) = P(device 1 fails) * P(device 2 fails) = 0.0001 Let n = number of devices. Then 0.01^n = 0.000000000001 → n = 6YEET, App has probability P(unavailable) = 0.00000000001, and thus 0.00000000001 * (365 days/year * 24 hours/day * 60 min/hour * 60 sec/min) = 0.00031536 seconds/year

Expand PAAS, what is it?

Platform as a Service

What is an EBS Snapshot?

Point-in-time copies of the data in an EBS volume for incremental back ups, allows a user to load in a previous snapshot easily for rolling back

A VPC resides in a single:

Region

Expand RDS.

Relational Database Service.

REST expand this?

Representational State Transfer

Describe the difference between Amazon S3 Standard and Amazon S3 Standard - Infrequent Access.

S3 Standard - For frequent access to data - Low latency and high throughput - Good for applications - More expensive - 99.99% availability S3 Standard - IA - For less frequent access to data but with rapid access when needed - Same low latency and high throughput as Standard - Low per GB storage price and per GB retrieval fee - Good for long-term backups, storage, and disaster recovery storage - 99.9% availability

SOAP expand this?

Simple Object Access Protocol

Expand S3.

Simple Storage Service is a service offered by Amazon web services that provides object storage through a web service interface

SDK expand this?

Software Developer Kit

Expand SaaS, What is it?

Software as a Service

. True or false: S3 is a storage suitable for the storage of flat files like Word documents, photos, etc.

TRUE

True or False: Edge locations are not located in the same general area as regions.

TRUE​, goal: to get them closer to the customers

True or False: Each AZ is designed to be isolated from failures in other Availability Zones.

True

True or False: VPCs are logically isolated from other virtual networks.

True

True or False: You are able to reboot any type of instance.

True

True or False: You need a key pair to generate the pair in secret key

True

True or false: Amazon EBS is recommended when data must be quickly accessible.

True

True or false: S3 is a key-value object store with unlimited storage capacity. Explain your answer.

True however each object can not exceed a max of 5 terabytes in size

. True or False: An AMI includes a template for the root volume, launch permission that control which AWS accounts can use the AMI, and a block device mapping that specifies the volumes to attach to the instance when it is launched.

True, it includes root volume, launch permission, block device mapping

True or False: Data transferred between AZs travel on private high-speed network links.

True, they transfer over dedicated lines

True or False: You can back up EBS to S3. Explain your answer.

True​; when you take an EBS snapshot, it is automatically stored in S3.

VPC expand this?

Virtual Private Cloud

Draw the EC2 instance life cycle diagram

You pay for what you use as you use it.

ACL expand this?

access control lists

Explain what "Pay as you Go" means.

hich enables you to pay only for what you use. Once you stop your usage, there is no fee to terminate, and billing stops immediately. Pay-as-you-go pricing offers you the chance to save over on-premises infrastructure without buying a perpetual software license.

IOPS expand this?

input/output operations per second

Define cloud computing?

is an on demand delivery of it resources