B1/ GRAMMAR RULES ENGLISH (REVIEW)
Five grammatical forms (phrases or clauses) can function as the subject complement:
1.) Noun phrases 2.) Adjective phrases 3.) Prepositional phrases 4.) Verb phrases 5.) Noun clauses
Direct object (Parts of the Sentence)
A direct object answers the question "what?" or "whom?" Examples: 1.) David repaired his car → his car is the direct object of the verb repaired. ( What did David repair?) 2.) He invited Mary to the party → Mary is the direct object of the verb invited. (Whom did he invite?)
Phablet
A phablet (/ˈfæblət/) is a class of mobile device designed to combine or straddle the size format of smartphones and tablets. A portmanteau of the words phone and tablet, [1] the term originated in the media and is now commonly used by consumers.
Transitive and intransitive verbs
A verb can be classified as transitive or intransitive according to whether it takes or doesn't take an object.
What is a verb complement?
A verb complement is a direct or indirect object of a verb. It expresses the rest of what the subject and the verb require in order to make sense. He raised___. She treats him___. We like___. Functions as the verb complement or "what must follow the verb" in the clause.
Indirect Object (Parts of the Sentence)
An indirect object answers the question "to whom?", "for whom?", "for what?"... something is done. An indirect object is the recipient of the direct object, or an otherwise affected participant in the event. There must be a direct object for an indirect object to be placed in a sentence. In other words an indirect object cannot exist without a direct object. Examples: 1.)They sent him a postcard - him is the indirect object of the verb sent. (To whom did they send a postcard?) 2.)He bought his son a bike - his son is the indirect object of the verb bought. (For whom did he buy a bike?)
Indirect object & prepositional phrase
An indirect object is really a prepositional phrase in which the preposition to or for is not stated but understood. It tells to whom or for whom something is done. The indirect object always comes between the verb and the direct object. 1.) Example: She gave me a gift. The indirect object always modifies the verb. It may have modifiers and be compound. It is used with verbs such as give, tell, send, get, buy, show, build, do, make, save, and read. 2.) Example: She sent the man and me a gift
What is an object? (Parts of the Sentence)
An object in grammar is a part of a sentence, and often part of the predicate. The object answers a question about a verb. i.g., Subject Verb Object Leila wrote the poem 1.) "Leila" is the subject, the doer or performer, 2.) "wrote" is a verb that refers to the action, 3.) "the poem" is the object involved in the action.
Object complements
Follow a direct object and provide additional information about the direct object
Subject complements
Follow a linking verb and provide additional information about the subject of the sentence;
If a verb takes objects Example: They played soccer. → (The verb play takes ONE object 'soccer')
It is a transitive verb
If a verb doesn't take an object. Example: She lies. → (The verb 'lie' doesn't take any object) The building collapsed. → (The verb 'collapse' doesn't take any object)
It is an intransitive verb
Two types of complements
Subject complements and Object complements
Types of objects (Parts of the Sentence)
There are two types of objects: direct and indirect objects.
descriptivist [dih-skrip-tuh-vist] (descriptivism)
noun 1. a writer, teacher, or supporter of descriptive grammar or descriptive linguistics. adjective 2. of, relating to, or based on descriptive grammar or descriptive linguistics.
prescriptivist [pri-skrip-tuh-vist] (prescriptivism)
noun 1. a writer, teacher, or supporter of prescriptive grammar. adjective 2. of, relating to, or based on prescriptive grammar.
Portmanteau (noun port·man·teau \pȯrt-ˈman-(ˌ)tō\ )
plural portmanteaus or portmanteaux 1: a large suitcase 2: a word or morpheme whose form and meaning are derived from a blending of two or more distinct forms (as smog from smoke and fog)
