BA 325 exam 2

Chief information officer

A CIO is the company's:

Determine the legal limits allowed for campaign financing

A corporate political strategy does not:

A leader with the ability to speak the language of the business

A critical characteristic of a successful CIO is:

Minimizing or eliminating waste before it is created

A firm in the pollution prevention stage of the corporate environmental responsibility model is best described by which statement?

Right to privacy

A person's entitlement to protection from invasion of one's personal life is called the:

National Labor Relations Board

An example of an economic regulatory agency is:

It is a renewable resource

Arable land is accurately described by which statement?

Visit local plant facilities Attend company award ceremonies Give speeches to employees

Businesses promote an information strategy by inviting government leaders to:

E-business

Buying and selling goods and services electronically is called:

Black carbon

By promoting the use of clean cookstoves in developing nations, a global alliance hopes to reduce:

Both of these answers are correct: Influences the size of the nation's money supply; and influences the value of the dollar.

By raising and lowering the interest rates at which private banks borrow money from the government, the Federal Reserve Bank:

Allow their top manager to assess the full range of the firm's effects on the environment

Companies that cultivate a vision of sustainability must adopt sophisticated strategic planning techniques to:

Support from executive leadership Involvement by all functional departments Focus on how to respond to a breach

Cybersecurity experts recommend including which essential elements for an incident-response plan for cyberattacks?

In congressional hearings

Expert witness testimony is often collected:

A sophisticated political strategy

Firms in the chemical industry, which must contend with frequently changing environmental regulations and the risk of dangerous accidents, usually have:

Improved national security

How did some authoritarian governments justify limiting citizens' access to the Internet?

The use of technology to increase accountability

In 2016, the Global Electoral Organization (GEO) discussed which critical election administration issues?

52 percent

In 2017 about what percentage of people around the world had no access to the Internet?

Physical goods

In 2017 mobile payment usage was largest for which type of purchase?

Air pollution Water pollution Solid and hazardous waste

In the United States, the federal government regulates which of the following major areas of environmental protection?

Iran and China

Increased cyber activity by which countries prompted NATO officials to brand them as "patriotic hackers"?

Your car's GPS tracking you at every location

Invasion of privacy through technology is best exemplified by:

Earnings and expenses

Lobbyists, under U.S. law, must disclose their:

To fairly compete, small, medium, and large firms should have the same Internet bandwidth

One argument in favor of net neutrality is:

Political action committee contributions

One of the oldest financial-incentive strategy tools is:

Corporate restructuring

Possible costs of environmental regulation include all of the following except:

Business Special interest groups Government

Public policies and government regulations are shaped by:

Utilitarian and justice grounds

Regulation can be argued as justified based on:

Brand

Studies have shown that green marketing has been most successful at what level?

Both of these answers are correct: Identify a company as an interested and active stakeholder; and can help mold public opinion on a particular policy issue.

Supporters of advocacy advertisements believe that they:

A team of line managers from across the business organization

Sustainability leaders have found that the most effective environmental management approach involves:

Microsoft provided the Jane Goodall Institute with animal tracking tools

Sustainable development through technology cooperation is best illustrated by:

Developing national conservation strategies.

The commitments of the Convention on Biological Diversity include:

Intellectual and electronic skills

The information phase of technology primarily requires:

Lobbying

The information strategy tool most used by business is:

Regulation

The primary way of accomplishing public policy is through:

Increase protection of privacy and personal information

The purpose of the right to be forgotten is to:

Promote fairness in the electoral process

To help control political favoritism, there have been global efforts to:

Business leaders speaking before government policymakers

To influence government policymakers' actions, an information strategy involves:

Significantly higher than total economic regulation costs

Total social regulation costs are:

Their sentence would likely be lighter.

Under U.S. sentencing guidelines, how would firms facing environmental violations typically be treated if they had an active compliance program and fully cooperated with investigators?

Semantic

We are currently in which phase in the development of technology?

Brand differentiation

When companies develop a reputation for environmental excellence, and they produce and deliver products and services designed to attract environmentally aware customers, this is called:

Rapid industrialization

Which of these factors has accelerated the current ecological crisis?

Constituency-building strategy

Which political action strategy seeks to gain support from other affected organizations to better influence policymakers?

Product stewardship stage

Which stage of corporate environmental responsibility focuses on the full life cycle of a product?

Political contributions

A common tactic in a financial-incentive political strategy is:

Common laws

Past decisions of the courts, the original basis for the U.S. legal system, are called:

Rising incomes, bringing higher rates of both consumption and waste

Rapid economic development is often accompanied by:

Ecological footprint

The amount of land and water a human population needs to produce the resources it consumes and to absorb its wastes given prevailing technology is called:

Typically reports to the CEO Supervises staff across functional areas Requires strong interpersonal skills

The role of chief sustainability officer is described by which statement(s)

Market failure

When the market fails to adjust for the full costs of a firm's behavior, this is called:

Constituency-building

A company that builds stakeholder coalitions to influence government is using which strategy?

Risking their reputation by engaging in politics

A large sporting goods store that raised the age for purchase of some firearms in response to public concerns for gun control were seen by detractors as:

Biotechnology

A technological application that uses biological systems or living organisms to make or modify products or processes for specific use is called:

Ozone

A thin layer of gas that protects the Earth from excessive ultraviolet radiation from the sun is:

Team managers

According to McKinsey and Company, which position cannot be easily replaced with robots?

About 50 percent

According to an Oxford University study, what percentage of current jobs were expected to be overtaken by robots in the next two decades?

Extract crude oil and gas

According to the discussion case, Hydraulic Fracturing—Can the Environmental Impacts Be Reduced?, the primary purpose of fracking is to:

Individuals have rights to privacy and safety

An argument in support of preventing government access to private cell phones, according to the case To lock or Unlock Your Phone: Personal Privacy or National Security, is:

The Aviation Plan

An example of a global regulation that mitigates the impact of jet fuel on the environment is:

A person hacks a government website to act against inaction by the government

An example of a hacking job motivated by retaliation is:

Federal Trade Commission

An example of a regulatory agency charged with enforcing social regulation is:

Spam Junk mail UCE

Another name for unsolicited commercial emails is:

Sometimes cooperates and sometimes is in conflict with business

Around the world, government:

Ecologically sustainable organizations

Being able to continue their activities indefinitely, without altering the carrying capacity of the Earth's ecosystem, is a characteristic of:

Cost savings from operational efficiency Opportunity to serve emerging economies Reduction of regulatory risk

Both large and small businesses have adopted sustainable practices to what advantage?

They encounter a common problem or enemy

Cooperation between business and government often occurs when:

Mobile or cell phones

M-Commerce is facilitated primarily by:

Both to uniquely identify an individual's shopping habits and preferences and to identify an individual shopper using only four bits of secondary information

MIT researchers determined that 90 percent of shopper's credit-card transactions could be used to:

Both a domestic and international issue

Managers' understanding of government regulations is:

Artificial intelligence Wireless networks Processing of enormous amounts of data

Many rapid changes in technology over the past few decades were facilitated by:

If the effort actually benefits the stakeholders

One ethical concern about businesses collecting vast amounts of stakeholder data is:

Cost-effective marketing and promotions

One major advantage of conducting business online is:

Ensuring the vehicles were safer than driver-controlled automobiles

One of the biggest challenges for autonomous vehicle manufacturers, according to the case The Arrival of Autonomous Cars—Bright Future or Looming Threat? was:

Fiscal policies

Patterns of government taxing and spending that are intended to stimulate or support the economy are:

Commercial logging Cattle ranching Conversion of forests to plantations

Reasons for the destruction of rain forests include:

Both of these answers are correct: It established a fund supported primarily by a tax on the petroleum and chemical companies; and the funds collected are used to clean up sites where the original polluter cannot be identified.

The Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) is accurately described by which statement(s)?

General Data Protection Regulation

The EU law passed in 2018 that required companies to promptly report personal data breaches was called:

It established a national policy to regulate, restrict, and, if necessary, ban toxic chemicals

The Toxic Substances Control Act is accurately described by which of the following?

Artificial intelligence

The ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings is called:

Information disclosure

The annual EPA report Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) is an example of which environmental policy type?

Block anticompetitive mergers in the U.S.

The antitrust enforcement agencies in the United States have the legal authority to:

Reduce the use of ozone-depleting chemicals

The beverage industry's partnership Refrigerants Naturally! is attempting to:

Both of these answers are correct: Economic development must be accomplished sustainably; and poverty is an underlying cause of environmental degradation.

The core idea(s) of sustainable development is (are):

individuals who have Internet access through technology and those who do not

The digital divide describes the gap between those:

Extended product responsibility

The idea that companies have a continuing responsibility for the environmental impact of their products or services, even after they are sold, is called:

Recognize the imperative for sustainable development as an opportunity both for competitive advantage and ethical action

The most successful global businesses in coming years will be those companies that:

Industrial

The phase of technology that focuses on building material goods and manual labor is:

Cyberspace

The place where information is stored, ideas are described, and communication takes place in and through an electronic network of linked systems is called:

Phishing

The practice of using fake business emails in order to trick users into divulging personal data, such as usernames and passwords, is called:

Market-based

The process of firms buying and selling the right to pollute is an example of which type of environmental regulation?

A production system that is regenerative by design

The term circular economy refers to:

The cost of robots has decreased Robots are more reliable than people New collaborative machines have been invented

The use of robotics in the workplace has increased recently because:

Technology

This term refers to the practical applications of science and knowledge to commercial and organizational activities.

Both of these answers are correct: Helps early diagnosis of diseases; spurs new ways to prevent illnesses.

What are the benefits of sequencing the human genome?

Legal challenges

When a business seeks to overturn a law after it has been passed or threatens to challenge the legal legitimacy of the new regulation in the courts, this is called:

Bundling

When a firm solicits its stockholders for political contributions for a particular candidate by letter and then sends those contributions to the candidate on behalf of its stockholders, it is called:

Economic sanctions

When a government orders companies not to conduct business in another country because of a war, human rights violations, or lack of a legitimate government; these orders are called:

Environmental partnerships

When businesses form voluntary, collaborative partnerships with environmental organizations and regulators to achieve specific objectives this is called:

Technological innovation

When environmentally proactive companies seek out imaginative, innovative new methods for reducing pollution and increasing efficiency, they are adopting which strategy?

Aggressive organizational involvement

When managers become personally involved in developing public policy, the firm is at what level of business political involvement?

Sweden

Which country has made the greatest progress in reducing its solid waste stream?

Electric utilities and railroads

Which of the following are examples of natural monopolies?

Breaking up a monopoly

Which of the following represents a structural remedy for an antitrust violation?

Over the next century, population growth is expected to be greatest in developed nations

Which of the following statements is not true about the population?

Choosing less harmful products

Which pattern of consumption is recommended to reduce humanity's global footprint?

Demand would exceed supply within a hundred years

With respect to fresh water, according to one estimate, if it were possible to eliminate pollution, capture all available fresh water, and distribute fresh water equitably:

Commons

A shared resource, such as land, air, or water, that a group of people uses collectively is a(n):

$7 million

As of 2016 what was the average cost of a data breach in the United States?

Increased anti-spam protections

As of 2017 the volume of global spam email messages has declined primarily due to:

All of society

Depletion of the ozone layer, destruction of the rain forests, and species extinctions all have an impact on:

Cybercrime

Downloading illegal files, spreading computer viruses, and stealing from online bank accounts is collectively referred to as:

Making and transporting products using minimal energy

Ecologically sustainable organizations are accurately explained by which of these descriptions?

Preventing anticompetitive business practices

Economic regulations are illustrated by which action?

Worker safety

Economists reported that the costs of regulatory compliance were highest for:

Each business is charged for the undesirable pollution that it emits Companies emitting more pollutants end up paying more pollution taxes. Revenues from emission fees can be used to support environmental efforts

Emission fees are accurately characterized by which statement(s)?

Prevent inequitable exposure to risk, such as from hazardous waste

Environmental justice is a movement to:

Unfair competition

European Union regulators accused Uber of engaging in:

Regulatory impact analysis

Every environmental regulation must be initially evaluated for its costs and benefits in a process called:

No smoking rules enforced to mitigate the effects of second-hand smoke

Government regulations help balance negative externalities such as:

Balance the relationship between business and society

Government's role is to create and enforce laws that:

Input

Governments being asked to regulate driving distractions are examples of a public policy:

White hatters

Hackers employed by businesses or governments to intentionally discover weaknesses in information systems are called:

normally legal

Hiring former government officials for positions in the corporate world is:

North Korea

In 2017 which country had the most restrictive Internet censorship policies, completely blocking its citizens from conducting Internet searches and from using social media platforms?

Representatives of big business, agriculture, and labor

In Japan's pluralistic public policy process, who are the major participants?

Federal government relations

In a survey of 105 companies in 2017, the most frequent public affairs tactic was related to:

Both of these answers are correct: "To impose religious or ideological views" and "To suppress political dissent."

In some nondemocratic or authoritarian societies such as China, Pakistan, Iran, and North Korea, why did the governments generally intervene to restrict their citizens' access to information and various Internet and social media sites?

expected to increase crop yields per acre

In the 1980s, corn and soybeans were genetically modified, enabling farmers to spray for weeds without harming cultivated plants. At first, these changes were:

In landfills

In the United States, most solid waste ends up:

Collecting information regarding the lifelong environmental impact of a product, from extraction to disposal

Life-cycle analysis involves:

Unused broadcast channels

Microsoft launched a program in 2017 to bring the Internet to more of rural America using:

Supply of geology, soil, air, water, and all living things.

Natural capital refers to the world's:

HCFCs

Participants in the Montreal Protocol agreed that by 2030 they would phase out:

The increase or expansion of government regulation

Reregulation is:

Decreased slightly

Since 2008, the total amount spent on lobbying activity has:

Globally

Software piracy is a major problem in which part of the world?

The results could compromise one's employment situation Life insurance could be denied The cost of health insurance could rise

Some argue that publishing personal DNA sequencing results is unethical because:

Must be weighed against the consequences for the community

In the United States, the right to free speech:

Many foreign governments subsidized their steel industries

In the case Political Action by the U.S. Steel Industry, 2015-2018, what is one reason that foreign-made steel prices were so much lower than U.S. steel?

Digital Millennium Copyright Act

This Act makes it a crime to circumvent antipiracy measures built into most commercial software agreements between the manufacturers and their users:

Data Privacy Day

This annual international gathering on January 28 brought together leaders from the U.S. and dozens of European countries to address the global nature of cyberattacks:

It can be caused by biodegradable products

Which of the following is not true about water pollution?

Both of these answers are correct: The Equator Principles; and The Forest Stewardship Principles.

An example of codes of environmental conduct that have been developed by and for specific industries include:

Using wastes from one process as raw materials for another process

An example of industrial ecology in practice is:

Sales incentives to sell user data exceeded those of protecting user privacy

In the case Should Facebook be Regulated, the primary market failure was:

Omnichannel

The idea that every distribution channel must work together to deliver a unified and consistent customer experience is called:

Coalition building Direct lobbying Fund raising

The typical public affairs executive spends most of the day:

Broadcast radio

Which of the following is not a potential source of personal private data?