BACE exam questions

Calculate the volume in mL of 50X TE Buffer required to make 1.5 L of 1X TE Buffer.

30 mL

Calculate the mass in mg of kanamycin required to make 25 mL of a 12 mg/mL solution of kanamycin.

300

An SOP for preparing a bleach solution instructs to dilute the bleach 1:15 in water. Using the simple dilution method, calculate the volume in mL of bleach required to make 3.5 L. Record the correct amount to one decimal place.

233.3 mL

A technician is asked to prepare a dilution of a common laboratory disinfectant. The label indicates that a 1:29 dilution in water is required prior to use. Using the simple dilution method, calculate the volume in mL of disinfectant required to make 1.0 L. Record the answer to one decimal place below

34.5

How is the number 0.000052 correctly written in scientific notation?

5.2 x 10-5

What is the best definition of the term "hypothesis" as it is used in science? Group of answer choices

A hypothesis is a testable explanation for a scientific problem or question.

What features of bacterial plasmids can be used as a marker when growing bacterial cultures

Antibiotic resistance gene

When exposed to a foreign antigen, the normal human immune system response is to produce which of the following?

Antibodies

Baking soda

Basic

Oven cleaner

Basic

bleach

Basic

Which of the following is a controlled document that contains step-by-step instructions on how to manufacture a product, including spaces for capturing information specific to the task?

Batch record

What does protease do in the laboratory

Degrading protein

Complimentary base pairing between two DNA strands is due to the formation of:

Hydrogen bonds

Which of the following is true regarding the handling of biohazardous waste?

It must be segregated from other chemical and laboratory waste.

The enzyme maltase catalyzes the break down of maltose into glucose. A technician added maltase to a solution of maltose to be incubated at 37°C for 20 minutes. Samples were taken from the reaction tube every five minutes, and the glucose and maltose concentrations were measured. What would be the negative control?

Maltose incubated with water

Which of the following techniques should be used to amplify specific DNA sequences?

PCR

CH4 bond type

Nonpolar covalent

"Bioethics" is best described as:

The study of decision making as it applies to moral decisions that must be made due to advances in biology and technology.

What is NOT considered a significant advance in PCR methodology?

The use of agarose gel electrophoresis to visualize amplified products

Manufacturing

Participates in the production of commercial quantities of a product

What is a disadvantage to using prokaryotes in the production of biopharmaceuticals? Group of answer choices

Prokaryotes are unable to properly fold and assemble more complicated eukaryotic proteins

Transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds to which area on the DNA strand? Group of answer choices

Promoter

Sandwich ELISAs are commonly used in commercial diagnostic kits because of the increased accuracy of the assay. Which of the following contributes to the increased level of accuracy?

The antigen must be recognized by two primary antibodies for the assay to give a positive result.

Function of biosafety container

enclosed, ventilated lab workspace

NaCl bond type

ionic bond

Preventive maintenance (PM) and calibration on laboratory equipment is scheduled according to which of the following?

-Based on the equipment manufacturer's suggestions, -Based on how often the equipment is used - Based don the company's SOPs for PM and calibration

Your supervisor asks you to make a 1 M solution of MgCl2. Which of the following could you use to calculate the mass of MgCl2 required to make the solution?

-Molecular mass -Formula weight -Molecular weight

Calculate the molarity of a solution containing 0.42 moles of NaCl in 2.5 L of water? Record the answer to two decimal places.

.17

Calculate the mass in g of agarose required to make 100 mL of a 0.9% agarose gel. Record the answer to one decimal place below.

.9

You are given a 5.0 mg/mL protein standard solution, and asked to prepare a 5-step, 2-fold serial dilution to create a standard curve. What is the final concentration of protein standard in mg/mL? Record the correct amount to three decimal places.

0.156

What is 2.420 x 0.065, rounded to the correct number of significant digits?

0.16

You are given a 5.0 mg/mL protein standard solution, and asked to prepare a 5-step, 2-fold serial dilution to create a standard curve. After the third step of the dilution, what is the concentration of the protein standard, in mg/mL? Record the correct amount to two decimal places.

0.63

What is 0.9857 rounded to three significant digits?

0.986

The major steps in the production of a product are listed below. Place the steps in the correct chronological order.

1) Quality control tests, and approves or rejects raw materials, following test records 2)Manufacturing produces the product following a batch record 3)Quality control tests the final product following test records 4) Quality Assurance approves or rejects the final product based on the final product specifications

Place the following steps in order to best describe the sequence of a PCR cycle.

1) The mixture is heated to denature the double stranded DNA 2) The primers hybridize to the target DNA 3) DNA polymerase extends the primers to make a copy of the target DNA

Place the general steps of generating a monoclonal antibody in order.

1) inject/immunize an animal with antigen of interest 2) repeat immunization of animal with antigen of interest to boost immune response 3) Collect serum 4) Isolate B cells 5) Fuse B cells to tumor cells 6) Isolate hybridoma cells of interest

Place the following steps of a general protocol for genetic engineering in the correct chronological order.

1) isolate gene of interest 2) paste/clone gene of interest into vector 3) Transform host cells with vector 4) Grow recombinant cells 5)purify gene product

Calculate the volume in mL of a 50 mg/mL ampicillin stock solution required to make 600 mL of LB with a final concentration of ampicillin at 100 µg/mL. Record the answer to one decimal place below.

1.2

Calculate in µL the volume of 6X loading dye that should be added to a 10 µL sample of DNA in order to achieve a final 1X working solution of dye? Record the answer to one decimal place below.

1.7

Your supervisor provides you with a 1.0 mg/mL solution of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), and asks you to make a 5-step 2-fold serial dilution (2-1 at each step). After you have performed the 5-step 2-fold serial dilution (2-1 at each step) as requested, what is the dilution factor at the final step (step 5)?

1/32

A solution with a pH of 3.0 is how many times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 6.0?

1000

Calculate the volume in mL of a 10.5 mg/mL tetracycline stock solution required to make 525 mL LB with a final concentration of tetracycline at 2.75 mg/mL. Record the answer to one decimal place.

137.5

Calculate the mass in g of MgCl2 required to make 75 mL of a 20% (w/v) MgCl2 solution. Record the correct amount.

15

What is 5.78 x 3.13, rounded to the correct number of significant digits?

18.1

Calculate the mass in g of sucrose required to make 125 mL of a 15.5% (w/v) sucrose solution. Record the correct amount to one decimal place.

19.4

Your supervisor provides you with a 1.0 mg/mL solution of Bovine Gamma Globulin (BGG). What is the dilution factor if you add 150 µL of 1.0 mg/mL BGG to 150 µL of diluent?

1:2

Your supervisor provides you with a 1.0 mg/mL solution of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). What is the dilution factor if you add 100 µL of 1.0 mg/mL BSA to 100 µL of diluent?

1:2

Your supervisor provides you with a 1.0 mg/mL solution of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), and asks you to make a 5-step 2-fold serial dilution. What would be the dilution factor at step 3?

1:8

Calculate the mass in g of agarose required to make 200 mL of a 1.2% agarose gel. Record the answer to one decimal place.

2.4

You are given a stock protein solution with a concentration of 24 mg/mL. Determine the protein concentration of a solution made by mixing 5 μl of the stock with 45 μl of a buffer. Record the amount to one decimal place.

2.4

Calculate the volume in mL of 25X TAE Buffer required to make 5.0 L of 1X TAE Buffer. Record the correct amount.

200 mL

Calculate the volume in mL of a 10.0 M solution of HCl stock solution required to make 250 mL of 1.0 M HCl? Record the correct amount.

25

How many grams is 2.6 kg?

2600

What is 4.202 x 0.806, rounded to the correct number of significant digits?

3.39

4.651 x 10^4 written in expanded form is

46,510

Calculate the volume in mL of a 10 M NaOH stock solution required to make 500 mL of 100 mM NaOH? Record the answer to one decimal place below.

5.0

To dilute a bacterial culture, 10 uL of culture is mixed with fresh culture medium to a final volume of 0.5 mL. The culture was diluted by a factor of:

50

A technician is asked to prepare a dilution of a common laboratory disinfectant. The label indicates that a 1:39 dilution in water is required prior to use. Calculate the volume in mL of disinfectant required to make 2.0 L. Record the answer to one decimal place below.

51.3

Calculate the volume in mL of 25X TAE Buffer required to make 1.3 L of 1X TAE Buffer. Record the answer below.

52

Calculate the volume in mL of 100% ethanol required to make 0.75 L of a 70% (v/v) solution of ethanol in water. Record the answer below.

525

Calculate the mass in mg of kanamycin required to make 50 mL of a 12.5 mg/mL solution of kanamycin. Record the answer below.

625

How many milliliters is 0.725L? Group of answer choices

725

Calculate the volume in mL of a 1.5 M solution of NaOH stock solution required to make 275 mL of 50.0 mM NaOH? Record the answer to one decimal place.

9.2

Calculate the mass in g of CaCl2 required to make 375 mL of a 24% (w/v) CaCl2 solution. Record the answer to one decimal place below

90

lemon juice

Acidic

vinegar

Acidic

Which of the following serves as the decolorizer in a Gram stain?

Alcohol

Which of the following affects the rate of a chemical reaction? Concentration, presence of catalyst, heat, or all of the above

All of the above

Why might some people be ethically opposed to using CRISPR/Cas9 to create mutations in animal embryos?

Alterations in germline cells will be passed on to future generations.

correct order of assembly in the cell:

Amino acid, polypeptide, protein

Function of thermal cycler/ PCR machine

Amplifies DNA by heating and cooling

Carbon dioxide as a by-product benefits the brewing and baking industry in a process called fermentation. When microorganisms (usually yeast) undergo fermentation, they obtain their energy by:

Anaerobic respiration

Diagnostic immunoassays for infectious diseases, such as strep throat, are commonly used by physicians to quickly diagnose patients. These immunoassays utilize the reaction of antibodies to which of the following from a patient's sample?

Antigens from the pathogen

Where does translation take place in prokaryotes?

At the ribosome

In agarose gel electrophoresis, the negative electrode terminal is located:

At the top of the gel (closest to wells)

Which type of cell could use sugar to produce energy in an oxygen-deprived environment?

Bacterial, Animal (muscle), and yeast

Lipids are composed mainly of which of the following atoms?

Carbon and hydrogen

carbohydrates function

Cellulose. Energy storage, receptors, structure of cell wall

Lipids function

Cholesterol. Membrane structure, energy storage

Many biopharmaceuticals must go through a purification process to separate them from cellular debris, media, and other components used during cell culture. Which of the following is a commonly used technique to separate proteins from complex mixtures?

Chromatography

Prokaryotic DNA

Circular, long DNA containing several thousand genes

Quality control

Conducts testing on raw materials, in-process samples, and finished products

When preparing agar plates for bacterial culture, which of the following is the best next step after streaking the plates with bacteria?

Confirm incubator temperature is correct, then place plates upside-down inside the incubator

Plasmid DNA

Cytoplasmic, circular DNA containing only a few genes

Why is plasmid DNA is purified using anion exchange column chromatography?

DNA is negatively charged, binds to the positively charged resin, and is eluted with increasing salt.

Many enzymes used in biotechnology applications occur naturally within the cell. Which of the following enzymes are involved in DNA replication? DNA polymerase, Restriction Endonuclease, Luciferase, Aminotransferase

DNA polymerase

A restriction enzyme digestion reaction contains which of the following reagents?

DNA, Water, Buffer, Restriction Enzyme

restriction enzymes

Digesting DNA

The difference between a direct ELISA and an indirect ELISA is that the conjugated enzyme to be detected is linked to the primary antibody in a/an ____________ ELISA, whereas the detection enzyme is linked to the secondary antibody in a/an __________ ELISA. Group of answer choices

Direct, indirect

Which of the following is the correct method to make 500 mL of 20% glucose?

Dissolve the appropriate amount of glucose in a small volume of dH2O, then adjust the volume to 500 mL

Which of the following is the correct method to make 1 L of 10% sodium chloride?

Dissolve the appropriate amount of sodium chloride in a small volume of dH2O, then adjust the volume to 1 L

Quality Assurance

Ensure that all government regulations are followed, working closely with all departments

Why are enzymes necessary in living organisms?

Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions which would otherwise occur too slowly to sustain life.

Proteins function

Enzymes. structure, receptors, transport

is the solvent the dissolved matter in a solution

False

When using a microscope on the highest power objective, which focus knob should you use?

Fine

Eukaryotic cells

Linear, long pieces of DNA with many thousands of genes, contained within a nucleus

Function of shaking incubator

Mixes cell cultures at a constant temperature

Function of vortexer

Mixes or homogenizes small volume solutions

Function of Balance

Measures Mass

Function of pH meter

Measures alkalinity and acidity of solutions

Function of micropipette

Measures and delivers volumes under 1.0 mL

What is used to calculate the amount of compound required to make a solution

Molecular weight

A technician is testing the purity of a DNA sample using a spectrophotometer. He gets a 260 nm reading of 0.51 au, and a 280 nm reading of 0.65 au. Recalling that the preferred range for the value is 1.8-2.0, is the purity of the sample acceptable?

No

Following an SOP, a technician made 1 L of LB agar and poured it into five media bottles for sterilization. After autoclaving and cooling the bottles, she noticed the autoclave tape did not change color. Are any of the bottles of agar usable? Group of answer choices

No

Maintaining a safe work environment is critical for the well-being of all employees. Which of the following agencies is responsible for regulations pertaining to worker safety?

OSHA

what does Heat-stable DNA polymerase do in the laboratory

Performing PCR reactions

The observable traits of an organism are referred to as the:

Phenotype

In recombinant DNA technology, DNA ligase is used to rejoin which of the following bonds in DNA?

Phosphodiester

Which structure regulates the flow of molecules into and out of the cell?

Plasma membrane

H20 bond type

Polar covalent

Anaerobic respiration

Process which releases carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol

Aerobic respiration

Process which uses oxygen as a raw material

what is an accurate description of Gram positive bacteria after Gram staining?

Purple, because gram positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in the cell membrane.

Which department within a biotechnology company is responsible for document control, and for the oversight of regulatory compliance?

Quality Assurance

Which type of ELISA is the most appropriate to determine the concentration of a specific antigen in a sample?

Quantitative ELISA

Nucleic acids function

RNA. information storage and transfer

A technician is asked to verify the presence of a protein of interest after a production run. Following purification via column chromatography, a fraction from the column is run on an SDS-PAGE, and a band appears at the expected molecular weight. Which of the following techniques listed is the best way to verify that the band is the purified protein of interest?

Run a western blot with a sample of the fraction

When DNA replicates, each original strand of DNA serves as a template for a new strand. What type of replication is this?

Semi-conservative replication

Function of electrophoresis

Separates molecules based on size and charge

Gel filtration/size exclusion chromatography

Separates proteins based on size

hydrophobic interaction chromatography

Separates proteins based on solubility in water

Function of centrifuge

Separates substances based on density

Which of the following is a controlled document that contains step-by-step instructions on how to perform a routine activity within a company?

Standard Operating Procedure

Which of the following techniques destroys all microorganisms?

Sterilization

Function of Autoclave

Sterilizes contents with high pressure and steam

The U.S. agency responsible for regulating biopharmaceuticals for use in humans is:

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Which of the following is typically measured using a spectrophometer set at a wavelength of 600 nm?

The concentration of bacteria in a suspension

The enzyme maltase catalyzes the break down of maltose into glucose. A technician added maltase to a solution of maltose to be incubated at 37°C. Samples were taken from the reaction tube every five minutes over the course of one hour, to measure the glucose concentration. After an hour, the technician noticed the water bath failed to reach 37°C (it only warmed to 25°C). Which of the following is the most likely outcome of the reaction? Group of answer choices

The enzyme activity would decrease, yielding the same level of glucose over a longer time period

Why is E. coli usually incubated at 37°C?

The maximum growth rate for E. coli occurs at 37 degrees celcius

How does DNA differ from one species to another?

The number of genes and non-coding regions

Which of the following best defines the term "epitope"?

The part of an antigen that is recognized by the immune system

Salt (such as sodium chloride or sodium acetate) is commonly used in procedures to extract plasmid DNA. Which of the following best describes the role of the salt?

The positively charged sodium ions neutralize the negative charge on the DNA

When performing a transformation, the cold calcium chloride solution makes the cells "chemically competent". Which of following is the primary feature of chemically competent cells

They are more permeable to DNA.

What is the purpose of using the quadrant method when streaking bacteria on agar plates?

To dilute out individual bacterial cells leading to isolated colonies

Why must technicians practice aseptic technique when culturing cells?

To ensure they are growing pure cultures of their desired cells.

According to the Central Dogma of molecular biology, DNA is __________ into RNA, which is ___________ into protein.

Transcribed, translated

A single base pair change in a gene's DNA sequence can affect the shape and function of the protein it encodes.

True

Both antigens and antibodies can adhere to the wells of ELISA plates through non-specific binding to plastic.

True

The three-dimensional structure of a protein is largely determined by the amino acid sequence. True or False

True

When using an acrylamide gel for protein electrophoresis, it is best to use a higher percentage of acrylamide to resolve smaller proteins, while large proteins are best resolved on low-percent gels. True or false

True

Your supervisor asks you to run a PCR reaction with products ranging in size from 200-400 base pairs. To confirm the reaction outcome on an agarose gel, which of the following strategies will give you the best resolution of the PCR products?

Use a higher percentage of agarose and a lower running voltage

Research and development

Works to identify new or improved products of processes

Which of the following is the study of the full complement of DNA in a cell? Group of answer choices

genomics

DNA ligases function in the laboratory

joining pieces of DNA together

Which of the following is the study of the entire set of proteins of a cell or organism?

proteomics

ion exchange chromatography

separates based on charge

affinity chromatography

separates proteins based on unique functional groups