Balancing Equations, Types of Reactions, and Predicting Products

Single replacement reactant and likely products

1 compound and one element; one compound and one element

Decomposition reactant and likely products

1 compound; elements or simpler compounds

Combustion reactant and likely products

1 must be oxygen or hyrocarbon and oxygen; oxide or H2O and CO2

Double replacement reactant and likely products

2 ionic compounds; 2 ionic compounds

Synthesis/combination

A+B-->AB Combination of 2+ substances to form a compound; one product

Single displacement

A+BX-->B+AX One element replaces another in a compound; metal replaces metal; nonmetal replaces nonmetal

Combustion

A+O2-->AO or hydrocarbon+O2-->CO2+H2O The burning of any substance in O2 to produce heat and light; variation of a combined reaction

Double displacement

AB+CD-->AD+CB Ions in 2 compounds change partners; cation of one compound combines with anion of another

Decomposition

AB-->A+B Compound breaks down into 2+ simpler substance; 1 reactant

Aq

Aqueous (solid dissolves in water)

Chemical reaction

Change in matter in which 1+ chemicals are transformed into new or different chemicals; represented in chemical equations; always involve change

G

Gas

L

Liquid

Law of conservation of matter

Matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction; total mass stays the same; atoms can only rearrange

Coefficient

Number in front of each formula; tells how many moles of each reactant is used and how many of each product made

+

Plus

-->

Produces

Triangle over the arrow

Reactants are heated

Composition reactant and likely products

Simple elements or compounds; compound

S

Solid

Product

What you end with

Reactant

What you start witg