Basic ch 12, 13, 14

Which portion of the ECG tracing represents total ventricular activity? A) T wave B) QRS complex C) QT interval D) U wave

C) QT interval

What is the term for the time in which cells cannot respond to a stimulus? A) partial resistance period B) nonrefractory period C) absolute refractory period D) relative refractory period

C) absolute refractory period

What is another term for "flat-line"? A) ventricular flutter B) complete AV block C) asystole D) ventricular fibrillation

C) asystole

In which dysrhythmias would ff waves be present? A) PAC and atrial tachycardia B) atrial flutter and bigeminy C) atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation D) bigeminy and atrial tachycardia

C) atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation

Which abnormal atrial mechanism is often one of the first signs of CHF? A) atrial tachycardia B) atrial flutter C) atrial fibrillation D) atrial bigeminy

D) atrial bigeminy

Which leads monitor the electrical activity in the frontal plane of the heart? 1. Limb leads 2. Precordial leads 3. Modified Chest Lead

1 only

What are indications for synchronized cardioversion? 1. Unstable atrial fibrillation 2. Atrial flutter 3. Atrial tachycardia 4. Ventricular fibrillation

1, 2 and 3

Which limb leads are unipolar leads? 1. aVR 2. aVL 3. aVF

1, 2, 3

What can produce a pulseless arrest? 1. Asystole 2. Ventricular tachycardia 3. Ventricular fibrillation 4. Pulseless electrical activity

1, 2, 3 and 4

Which phases of the action potential represent the absolute refractory period? 1. Phase 0 2. Phase 1 3. Phase 2 4. First half of Phase 3 5. First half of Phase 4

1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

What are considered to be precordial leads? 1. Lead I, II, III 2. aVR, aVL, aVF 3. V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6

3 only

At the end of Phase 0, what does the voltage inside the myocardial cell equal? A) +30 mV B) +15 mV C) -30 mV D) -90 mV

A) +30 mV

On ECG paper operating at standard speed, what is the duration of the large squares? A) 0.2 seconds B) 0.04 sec C) 2 seconds D) 0.4 sec

A) 0.2 seconds

What is the standard speed at which ECG systems run? A) 25 mm/sec B) 2.5 mm/sec C) 25 cm/sec D) 2.5 cm/sec

A) 25 mm/sec

If there are 9 QRS complexes found in 2 vertical 3 second marks on an ECG, what would the rate equal? A) 90 B) 60 C) 80 D) 45

A) 90

At what point do the internodal tracts of the right atrium merge? A) AV junction B) SA junction C) Purkinje fibers D) Bachmann's bundle

A) AV junction

Which health care professionals commonly obtain the ECGs in many hospitals across the USA? A) CRTs and RRTs B) MAs C) MDs and DOs D) MLTs

A) CRTs and RRTs

What is the name of imaginary equilateral triangle formed by the axes of the limb leads? A) Einthoven's B) Entwhistle's C) Entemann's D) Eiserman's

A) Einthoven's

Of the limb leads, which leads are considered to be the inferior leads? A) Leads II, III, and aVF B) Leads I, II, III and aVF C) Leads II, III, and aVR D) Leads I, II, III and aVR

A) Leads II, III, and aVF

Which dysrhythmia causes a P prime wave on the ECG? A) PAC B) sinus block C) PVC D) sinus arrest

A) PAC

Which ECG abnormality is characterized by the absence of a P wave, a wide bizarre QRS, followed by a T wave of opposite polarity? A) PVC B) PAC C) Atrial flutter D) Sinus block

A) PVC

Which phase of the action potential represents initial repolarization of the myocardial cells? A) Phase 1 B) Phase 3 C) Phase 2 D) Phase 0

A) Phase 1

Of the precordial leads, which are considered to be the lateral leads? A) V5 and V6 B) V4, V5, and V6 C) V1, V2, and V3 D) V3, V4, V5 and V6

A) V5 and V6

What effect will stimulation of sympathetic neural fibers have on heart rate and excitability? A) both will be increased B) heart rate will increase and excitability will be unaffected C) heart rate will increase and excitability will decrease D) both will be decreased

A) both will be increased

In the ACLS treatment protocols for bradycardia, what are the second-line drugs recommended for the treatment of bradycardia? A) dopamine and epinephrine B) epinephrine and atropine C) dopamine and atropine D) dopamine and albuterol

A) dopamine and epinephrine

What is the basic term for the phase in which the heart is not generating an action potential? A) polarized B) contractile C) depolarized D) conductive

A) polarized

Which portion of the conductive system is considered to be the pacemaker of the heart? A) arteriovalvular node B) sinoatrial node C) sinoarterial node D) atrioventricular node

B) sinoatrial node

Which abnormal ventricular mechanism has a QRS rate between 250 and 350 bpm? A) ventricular dysrhythmia B) ventricular flutter C) ventricular fibrillation D) ventricular tachycardia

B) ventricular flutter

What does the RMP of the myocardial cells equal? A) -30 mV B) -50 mV C) -90 mV D) -15 mV

C) -90 mV

What is recommended to be administered via the ET tube for stable ventricular tachycardia? A) Amiodarone B) Epinephrine C) Lidocaine D) Magnesium

C) Lidocaine

Which phase of the action potential represents the nonrefractory period? A) last half of Phase 3 B) first half of Phase 3 C) Phase 4 D) Phase 5

C) Phase 4

What is the term for the unique ability of cells in the SA node to generate an action potential without being stimulated? A) excitability B) conductivity C) automaticity D) contractility

C) automaticity

What does a flat ST segment usually indicate? A) disconnected electrode B) hyperkalemia C) ischemia D) normal ECG tracing

C) ischemia

Which dysrhythmia is characterized by a normal P-QRS-T complex, multiple missing P-QRS-T complexes, followed by a normal P-QRS-T complex? A) sinus block B) asystole C) sinus arrest D) trigeminy

C) sinus arrest

What is the term for the repeating ECG pattern in which two sinus beats are followed by a PVC? A) trisomy B) bigeminy C) trigeminy D) ventricular tachycardia

C) trigeminy

What is the term for the occurrence of three or more PVCs in a row? A) trigeminy B) ventricular flutter C) ventricular tachycardia D) ventricular fibrillation

C) ventricular tachycardia

In a healthy adult at rest, approximately how much time is required for the entire heart to depolarize? A) 0.002 seconds B) 0.02 seconds C) 2.2 seconds D) 0.22 seconds

D) 0.22 seconds

How many electrodes are used in a 12 lead ECG? A) 16 electrodes B) 6 electrodes C) 12 electrodes D) 10 electrodes

D) 10 electrodes

What is the recommended range of joules used by a biphasic defibrillator for the treatment of VF? A) 60-120 B) 240-300 C) 200-240 D) 120-200

D) 120-200

What effect does stimulation of the parasympathetic neural fibers have on the contractility and AVconduction of the heart? A) Contractility would increase and AV conduction would decrease B) Both contractility and AV conduction would increase C) AV conduction would decrease and contractility would not be affected D) Both contractility and AV conduction would decrease

D) Both contractility and AV conduction would decrease

Which phase of the action potential represents the relative refractory period? A) First half of Phase 4 B) Last half of Phase 4 C) First half of Phase 3 D) Last half of Phase 3

D) Last half of Phase 3

Which portion of an ECG tracing represents atrial depolarization? A) T wave B) QRS complex C) U wave D) P wave

D) P wave

Which portion of the ECG tracing represents ventricular depolarization? A) T wave B) P wave C) PR interval D) QRS complex

D) QRS complex

Which portion of the ECG tracing represents ventricular repolarization? A) U wave B) QRS complex C) ST interval D) T wave

D) T wave

Which low voltage wave may become more prominent in the presence of electrolyte disturbances, heart disease, or certain medications? A) T wave B) Y wave C) P wave D) U wave

D) U wave

Of the precordial leads, which are considered to be the anterior leads? A) V4, V5, and V6 B) V1, V2, and V3 C) V5 and V6 D) V1, V2, V3, and V4

D) V1, V2, V3, and V4

What is the term for the electrical currents that travel across the cell membranes of the heart? A) conduction B) nerve impulse C) stimulus D) action potential

D) action potential

Which abnormal atrial mechanism is associated with anxiety, excessive ingestion of caffeine or alcohol and early stages of menopause? A) atrial fibrillation B) atrial flutter C) atrial bigeminy D) atrial tachycardia

D) atrial tachycardia

Which atrial abnormality results in an atrial rate of 130-250 bpm with a normal ventricular rate? A) atrial bigeminy B) atrial fibrillation C) atrial flutter D) atrial tachycardia

D) atrial tachycardia

What does the "a" represent in the unipolar limb leads? A) abatement B) attenuation C) alteration D) augmentation

D) augmentation

What is the term for two or more waveforms together on an ECG? A) interval B) segment C) waveform D) complex

D) complex

What is the term for the ability of the heart cells to transmit electrical current from cell to cell? A) irritability B) contractility C) automaticity D) conductivity

D) conductivity

On an ECG when the ventricular heart rate is regular, the rate can be determined by counting the number of large squares between two consecutive QRS complexes then A) dividing 400 by that number of large squares B) dividing 600 by that number of large squares C) dividing 200 by that number of large squares D) dividing 300 by that number of large squares

D) dividing 300 by that number of large squares

What waveform is recorded on an ECG tracing when an electrical impulse travels perpendicular to the lead axis? A) sawtooth B) negative C) positive D) equiphasic

D) equiphasic

What is the name of the abnormal condition in which the bundle of His controls the ventricles at a rate of 40-60 bpm and the atrial rate exceeds the ventricular rate? A) asystole B) bradycardia C) ventricular escape mechanism D) escape junctional pacemaker

D) escape junctional pacemaker

What is the term for the ability of a cell to reach its threshold potential and respond to a stimulus? A) contractility B) conductivity C) automaticity D) excitability

D) excitability

When the PR interval consistently exceeds 0.20 seconds in duration and the QRS rate is 60-100, which abnormality is present? A) second degree AV block B) complete AV block C) asystole D) first degree AV block

D) first degree AV block

Where does the electrical impulse travel after leaving the AV bundle? A) Purkinje fibers B) bundle of His C) SA node D) left and right bundle branches

D) left and right bundle branches

What is the term for the occurrence of two PVCs in a row? A) bigeminy B) trigeminy C) ventricular tachycardia D) paired PVCs or couplets

D) paired PVCs or couplets

What are the three primary electrolytes responsible for the electrical difference across the resting membrane potential? A) potassium sodium, and chloride B) sodium, chloride, and potassium C) sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate D) potassium, sodium, and calcium

D) potassium, sodium, and calcium

In the adult at rest, what is the term for a heart rate less than 60 beats/min? A) sinus arrhythmia B) normal heart rate C) atrial flutter D) sinus bradycardia

D) sinus bradycardia

In a resting adult, what is the term for a heart rate between 100-160 bpm? A) sinus arrhythmia B) normal heart rate C) atrial flutter D) sinus tachycardia

D) sinus tachycardia

Approximately what percentage of the heart is composed of autorhythmic cells? a. 5% b. 75% c. 12% d. 1%

d. 1%

After the electrical impulse leaves the atrioventricular junction, where does it travel next? A) Purkinje fibers B) bundle of His C) Bachmann's bundle D) bundle branches

B) bundle of His

What is the term for the ability of cardiac muscle fibers to shorten in response to an electrical stimulus? A) conductivity B) contractility C) automaticity D) excitability

B) contractility

What variance in RR intervals must be present to be considered sinus arrhythmia? A) more than 20% B) more than 10% C) more than 40% D) more than 30%

B) more than 10%

When electrical impulses travel toward the positive electrode, what waveform would be recorded on the ECG tracing? A) negative deflection B) positive deflection C) straight line D) equiphasic deflection

B) positive deflection

On an ECG, what does a variation of 0.1 seconds between the longest and shortest RR intervals indicate? A) SA block B) regular rhythm C) atrial bigeminy D) irregular rhythm

B) regular rhythm

On an ECG tracing, what is an isoelectric line called? A) interval B) segment C) waveform D) complex

B) segment

What is the correct electrode placement for the modified chest lead? A) positive electrode at V6, negative electrode on right shoulder or arm B) positive electrode at V1, negative electrode on left arm or shoulder C) positive electrode at V2, negative electrode on right shoulder or arm D) positive electrode at V3, negative electrode on left arm or shoulder

B) positive electrode at V1, negative electrode on left arm or shoulder

In a healthy adult at rest, what is the normal duration of the PR Interval? A) 0.20 - 0.26 sec B) 0.12 - 0.20 sec C) 0.04 - 0.08 sec D) 0.08 - 0.12 sec

B) 0.12 - 0.20 sec

In atrial fibrillation, what is the approximate atrial rate? A) 100-300 bpm B) 300-600 bpm C) 400-800 bpm D) 200-400 bpm

B) 300-600 bpm

What portion of the RR interval does the QT interval normal compose A) 60% B) 40% C) 20% D) 30%

B) 40%

Which structure transmits the electrical impulse from the SA node to the left atrium? A) AV junction B) Bachmann's bundle C) Purkinje fibers D) bundle of His

B) Bachmann's bundle

How is the rate determined on an ECG when the ventricular heart rate is irregular? A) Count the number of QRS complexes in a 2 vertical marks then multiply by 6 B) Count the number of QRS complexes in a 2 vertical marks then multiply by 10 C) Count the number of QRS complexes in 3 vertical marks then multiply by 10 D) Count the number of QRS complexes in a 3 vertical marks then multiply by 6

B) Count the number of QRS complexes in a 2 vertical marks then multiply by 10

Which limb leads are considered to be the left lateral leads? A) I, II, and avL B) I and aVL C) III and aVL D) I, II, and III

B) I and aVL

Which atrial abnormality is often seen in women during the third trimester of pregnancy? A) atrial bigeminy B) PAC C) atrial tachycardia D) atrial flutter

B) PAC

Of the phases of the action potential, which phase represents rapid depolarization of the myocardial cells? A) Phase 4 B) Phase 0 C) Phase 5 D) Phase 1

B) Phase 0

During which phase of the action potential do the voltage-sensitive ion channels return to their pre-depolarization permeability? A) Phase 0 B) Phase 4 C) Phase 3 D) Phase 5

B) Phase 4

Which portion of the ECG tracing represents the time between ventricular depolarization and repolarization? A) PR interval B) ST segment C) T wave D) QRS complex

B) ST segment

Of the limb leads, which contributes the least amount of information for the 12 lead ECG interpretation? A) Lead III B) aVL C) aVR D) aVF

B) aVL