BBB

How does the BBB protect the brain?

CSF provides osmotic and pH balance optimal for neuronal transmission

Are all brain regions immuno-privileged?

No *ventricals, meninges, and circumventricular organs are not

T/F: Immune privilege is not solely dependent on the BBB.

T

Molecular signals important for BBB development include...

VEGF Wnt/beta-catenin pathway SHH pathway (sonic hedge hog) GPR124

Does the CNS use a lot of the body's glucose energy?

Yes, 60% of it!

The ______________ junctions mediates cell to cell interactions in the junctional zone.

adherens

What are the three barrier layers in the BBB?

arachnoid, ependyma, choroid plexus

When does the BBB develop?

begins with angiogenesis

What cells make up the neurovascular unit?

cerebral microvessel endothelial cells pericytes astrocytes neurons microglia

The BBB is important for maintaining...

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) interstitial fluid (ISF)

Other functions of pericytes...

contribute to vessel stability regulate capillary diameter and blood flow control BBB integrity and function

Inflammatory molecules _________ cross the BBB

do not

Peripheral immune cells ________ cross the BBB

do not

How are cerebral endothelial cells different from other endothilial cells?

higher expression of tight junction proteins smaller perivascular space more insulin and tranferrin receptors more mitochondria high electrical resistance low fenestration

Inflammatory molecules are hydrophilic/hydrophobic?

hydrophobic

What cell type can migrate through the BBB with no alterations in the integrity?

mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)

Endothelial progenitor cells in the adult brain are derived from...

multipotent hemangioblasts mesenchymal stem cells

Break down of the BBB can cause neuronal consequences such as...

neuronal dysfunction neuroinflammation neurodegeneration

The ____________________ is the structural and functional basis of the BBB.

neurovascular unit

What are molecular components of tight junction proteins?

occludin zonula occladins claudin junctional adhesion molecules

What cell enseaths the outside surfaces of cerebral vessel walls?

pericytes

What does the BBB do?

provides the nutrients gets rid of waste restricts fluid movement protects the brain from ionic changes/flux regulates the micro environment of the brain creates optimal conditions for the ISF

Where is immune privilege confined to?

the parenchyma