BBL Lesson 4: Carbohydrates

Each of the following substances is a glycosaminoglycan except one. Which one is the exception? A. Ceramide B. Chondroitin sulfate C. Hyaluronate D. Dermatan sulfate

A. Ceramide

Which of the following is a monosaccharide? (select all that apply) A. Galactose B. Maltose C. Sucrose D. Glyceraldehyde

A. Galactose & D. Glyceraldehyde

Which of the following is a (are) disaccharide(s)? (select all that apply) A. Sucrose B. Glucose C. Fructose D. Lactose

A. Sucrose & D. Lactose

In glycoproteins, the carbohydrate moiety is always attached through the following amino acid residues A. asparagine, serine, or threonine B. aspartate or glutamate C. glycine, alanine, or aspartate D. tryptophan, aspartate, or cysteine

A. asparagine, serine, or threonine

The most abundant carbohydrate found in nature is A. cellulose B. glycogen C. starch D. cellobiose

A. cellulose

Which of the following polysaccharides cannot be digested by mammalian salivary, gastric, or pancreatic enzymes? A. cellulose B. amylopectin C. amylose D. glycogen

A. cellulose

Glucose and galactose are A. epimers B. anomers C. enantiomers D. diastereoisomers

A. epimers

Maltose is composed of A. glucose and glucose B. glucose and galactose C. glucose and fructose D. glucose and sucrose

A. glucose and glucose

Salivary amylase hydrolyses which of the following bonds? A. α-(1→4) glycosidic linkages B. α-(1→6) glycosidic linkages C. β-(1→4) glycosidic linkages D. β-(1→6) glycosidic linkages

A. α-(1→4) glycosidic linkages

Fill in the blank: The transformation of a monosaccharide into its _________ occurs easily and does not require the assistance of a catalyst.

Anomer

How many anomeric carbons are present in a fructose molecule? A. None B. 1 C. 2 D. 4

B. 1 I'm pretty sure monosaccharides have 1 anomeric carbon, disaccharides would have 2, and polysaccharides could have a lot.

How many stereoisomers are possible for a ketopentose such as ribulose? A. 2 B. 4 C. 8 D. 16

B. 4

Which of the following statements about starch and glycogen is false? A. Both starch and glycogen are stored intracellularly as insoluble granules B. Both serve primarily as structural elements in cell walls C. Glycogen is more extensively branched than starch D. Both are homopolymers of glucose

B. Both serve primarily as structural elements in cell walls

What is the molecular formula for glucose? A. CH3OH B. C6H12O6 C. C12H22O11 D. C6H12O5

B. C6H12O6

Which of the following characterizes an asymmetric carbon? A. It has four identical groups attached to it B. It has four different groups attached to it C. It has at least one carboxyl and one amino group attached to it D. It has two heavy groups on one side and two light groups on the other

B. It has four different groups attached to it

Chitin is a polymer of A. N-acetyl D-glucosamine with α-(1→4) linkage B. N-acetyl D-glucosamine with β-(1→4) linkage C. N-acetyl D-galactosamine with α-(1→4) linkage D. N-acetyl D-galactosamine with β-(1→4) linkage

B. N-acetyl D-glucosamine with β-(1→4) linkage

Which of the following statements is false? A. Sucrose is a disaccharide B. Sucrose is a reducing sugar C. Sucrose can be digested by invertase D. Fructose is a component of sucrose

B. Sucrose is a reducing sugar (Sucrose is not an aldose or a ketose)

Among the following, which is the sweetest sugar? A. sucrose B. fructose C. saccharin D. aspartame

B. fructose

Reduction of glucose leads to the formation of A. gluconic acid B. glucitol C. glucoside D. glucosamine

B. glucitol

Reaction of glucose with alcohol yields A. sugar acids B. glycoside bonds C. disaccharides D. None of the above

B. glycoside bonds

All these compounds are glucose polymers except: A. glycogen B. inulin C. cellulose D. starch

B. inulin

Among the following, which is a structural polysaccharide? A. glycogen B. pectin C. starch D. inulin

B. pectin

O- linked polysaccharides are attached to which of the following amino acids? A. glycine B. serine C. tryptophan D. aspargine

B. serine

How many stereoisomers are possible for an aldopentose such as ribose? A. 2 B. 4 C. 8 D. 16

C. 8

Which of the following molecules is a carbohydrate? A. C3H7O2N B. C13H26O2 C. C6H12O6 D. C6H12O12

C. C6H12O6

Which of the following sugars is not a reducing sugar? A. Glucose B. Ribose C. Sucrose D. Galactose

C. Sucrose sucrose is not an aldose or ketose

What are the predominant linkages in glycogen between glucose units? A. beta 1-6 B. beta 1-4 C. alpha 1-4 D. alpha 1-6

C. alpha 1-4

Hydrolysis of sucrose by the enzyme sucrase yields A. glucose only B. glucose and maltose C. glucose and fructose D. glucose and galactose

C. glucose and fructose

The hydrolysis of lactose yields A. glucose only B. glucose and fructose C. glucose and galactose D. galactose and fructose

C. glucose and galactose

Carbohydrates are stored in the body principally as A. glucose B. sucrose C. glycogen D. glycosaminoglycans

C. glycogen

When the linear form of glucose cyclizes, the product is A. an anhydride B. a glycoside C. hemiacetal D. lactose

C. hemiacetal

Which of the following is a dominant feature of the outer membrane of the cell wall of gram negative bacteria? A. amylose B. cellulose C. lipopolysaccharides D. lipoproteins

C. lipopolysaccharides

A disaccharide produced through hydrolysis of starch is A. sucrose B. lactose C. maltose D. theralose

C. maltose

The monosaccharide units are linked by alpha 1 → 4 glycosidic linkage in A. cellulose B. fructose C. maltose D. cellobiose

C. maltose

Which of the following is not considered a polysaccharide? A. starch B. glycogen C. maltose D. cellulose

C. maltose

Dextrins, pectins and celluloses are examples of A. glycoproteins B. GAGs C. polysaccharides D. disaccharides

C. polysaccharides

The typical cyclical structure of glucose is α and β D- A. Chondroitin B. Glucoside C. Glucosamine D. Glucopyranose

D. Glucopyranose

At equilibrium in solution, d-glucose consists of a mixture of its anomers. Which statement most accurately describes the solution? A. The solution consists of approximately equal amounts of the alpha- and beta-anomers B. The straight-chain form is present in high concentration C. The alpha-anomer is more stable and is slightly preferred over the b-anomer D. The beta-anomer predominates over the alpha-anomer by a ratio of approximately 2:1

D. The beta-anomer predominates over the alpha-anomer by a ratio of approximately 2:1

Which of the following is an example of a homopolysaccharide? A. cellulose B. starch C. glycogen D. all of the above

D. all of the above

To possess optical activity, a chemical compound must be A. a hexose B. aromatic C. symmetric D. asymmetric

D. asymmetric

A polysaccharide formed by beta1—>4 glycoside linkage is: A. starch B. dextrin C. glycogen D. cellulose

D. cellulose

Chemical compounds that have the same structural formula but differ in configuration around one carbon atom are called A. optical isomers B. stereoisomers C. anomers D. epimers

D. epimers

The biochemical property of lectins that is the basis for most of their biological effects is their ability to bind to A. amphipathic molecules B. hydrophobic molecules C. specific lipids D. specific oligosaccharides

D. specific oligosaccharides

Which of the following pairs is interconverted in the process of mutarotation? A. D-glucose and D-fructose B. D-glucose and D-galactose C. D-glucose and L-glucose D. α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose

D. α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose