BCOR 2202 Quiz 2 Unit Questions examples

Which of the following is a type of formal and relatively permanent group?

Command

Which of the following is categorized as a formal group?

Command

__________ theory assumes that people are motivated to work toward a goal when they want to achieve the outcome and also think they have the ability and means to achieve it.

Expectancy

Which of the following reflects differences in leadership style between men and women?

Female leaders are more democratic in making decisions.

Which of the following strategies focuses on company expansion, either organically or through acquisitions?

Growth

Employees who are part of a motorcycle riding club that meets outside of the organization is an example of which type of group?

Interest

__________ is the set of forces that causes people to engage in a behavior, rather than an alternative behavior.

Motivation

Organizations pursuing a strategy of keeping costs and prices low usually try to develop a competitive advantage using which of the following?

Operational excellence

One conclusion of the Ohio State studies was that a leader who focuses on subordinates' feelings and ideas is exhibiting

consideration behavior

A team __________ is a written agreement among team members establishing ground rules about the team's processes, roles, and responsibilities.

contract

Which of the following is NOT one of the five basic group performance factors?

cooperation

Organizations pursuing a specialization strategy often try to develop a competitive advantage based on

customer intimacy

Which of the following is the primary competitive advantage Costco has over Sam's Club, its closest competitor?

excellent customer experience

Which of the following best describes the stages of group development?

A group that fully evolves through the four stages of development usually is productive.

Paul, a new hire in the traffic department of an advertising agency, has little confidence in his ability and believes he only got the job because his uncle is the owner of the firm. According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what type of leadership style is Paul most likely to prefer?

Directive

Which two types of reinforcement are generally accepted as means for increasing the frequency of desired behavior?

Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement

In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the trait approach to determining leadership characteristics. Which of the following statements is true about this approach?

Recent studies have identified a limited set of leadership traits, such as emotional intelligence, drive, and charisma are acknowledged leadership traits.

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in forming equity perceptions?

Satisfy physiological needs before growth needs.

Nancy is the administrator at a community nonprofit. She was hired for her expertise in planning and budgeting, but she has experienced conflicts with personnel. Which of the following statements is true about Nancy's role?

She is a manager.

Why does working in teams result in enhanced performance?

Teams pool individual efforts in new ways and strive for continuous improvement

In the expectancy model of motivation, which term refers to the perceived value of a given reward or outcome?

Valence

A team that is comprised of members from different departments or functional areas is

a cross-functional team.

Norms are

a standard against which the appropriateness of a behavior is judged.

Carlos is a leader who has led his company by closely evaluating performance. Carlos can be best described as

a transactional leader.

Goal __________ is defined as the extent to which a person is interested in reaching a goal.

commitment

Walmart is famous for exemplifying the cost leadership strategy. Which of the following is Walmart likely NOT to do?

c. Automate as few jobs as possible

Doug is an employee of McDowell Instruments. Doug takes longer breaks than his coworkers, and often rationalizes his behavior because he feels the organization does not pay him enough for the level of work that he does. Doug is reducing his perceived inequity by

changing his inputs.

Your region has many supermarket bakeries, but there aren't any niche cafés offering superior coffee and home-baked goods using local, organic ingredients. You decide to open such a business. Based on these factors, which types of strategic behaviors would help assure that your small enterprise specializes and thrives?

deliver unique products and services

The extent to which goals are challenging, attainable, and require effort is known as goal ___________.

difficulty

In path-goal theory, which leadership style is best for managing employees who are new to dealing with ambiguous, unstructured tasks?

directive

Deciding to no longer laugh at a coworker's inappropriate jokes, to encourage him to stop telling those types of jokes, is an example of

extinction

Your employee, Steve, has a habit of telling jokes that are sometimes funny but too often inappropriate for the workplace. If you want Steve to stop telling these jokes, what kind of response would be your best choice?

extinction

Expansions on goal-setting theory argue that goal-directed effort is a function of four goal attributes: goal acceptance, goal commitment, goal specificity and

goal difficulty

Organizations pursuing a differentiation strategy often try to develop a competitive advantage based on product

innovation

According to Victor Vroom, the belief that performance will result in obtaining a particular reward is known as __________.

instrumentality

All of the following are true regarding social loafing EXCEPT

it is often a problem in very small groups.

One conclusion of the University of Michigan studies was that a leader who focuses on work procedures and performance is exhibiting

job-centered leader behavior.

According to equity theory, a person who feels equitably treated is motivated to ________.

keep things as they are

Path-goal theory assumes that

leaders can change their behaviors.

The path-goal theory and the LPC model both state that

leadership effectiveness depends on characteristics of the situation

Each of the following is associated with transformational leaders EXCEPT

managing routine work.

Which of the following is more closely associated with leadership than with management?

motivating

Removal of current or future unpleasant consequences to increase the likelihood that someone will repeat a behavior is called

negative reinforcement.

Individual characteristics that may render leader behavior unnecessary include all of the following EXCEPT

norms.

Maximizing the efficiency of the manufacturing or product development process in order to minimize costs is referred to as

operational excellence

Goal specificity is consistently related to

performance

Aria has been performing successfully at work for several months. Aria believes that she will get a pay raise if she maintains this high level of performance. This is an example of the __________ expectancy.

performance-to-outcome

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, the two types of situational factors that influence how leaders should behave are

personal characteristics of the subordinates and environmental characteristics.

Teams differ from groups in that teams

place more emphasis on concerted action than groups do.

Sara tries to always be on time for work because she once saw her supervisor give someone an award for good attendance. Sara is exhibiting learning through

positive reinforcement.

Informational diversity has a __________ impact on team performance; demographic diversity often has a __________ impact.

positive, negative

Reducing the work hours of low performing employees is an example of

punishment

The positive benefits of a team-based environment include all of the following

reduced costs. employee benefits. organizational enhancements. enhanced performance.

When Walmart founder Sam Walton drove his old pick-up truck to work, his employees embraced his ethic of frugality. What type of power did he display?

referent

Position power includes all of the following EXCEPT

referent power.

A person in the organization has the ability to given bonuses to employees as part of a corporate compensation program. This is an example of __________ power.

reward

One's confidence in the ability to organize and execute the courses of action necessary to accomplish a specific task is called

self-efficacy.

According to goal-setting theory, which of the following strategies is NOT likely to result in improved performance?

setting unspecified goals so that workers can establish their own measures

Businesses that use a __________ strategy focus on a narrow market segment or niche.

specialization

To gain a competitive advantage, a company must offer

superior value for the price.

What is the term for the set of abilities that allows the leader to recognize the need for change, to create a vision to guide that change, and to execute the change effectively?

transformational leadership

The basic premise of the early trait approach to leadership was that

unique leadership traits could be identified and used to select leaders.

According to the LPC theory, a situation that has low position power, high task structure, and good leader-member relations is

very favorable

It can be difficult to develop a sense of community with a team that never actually meets together in the same room, which is called a

virtual team.