BCT Exam 3 Study Guide

Which of the following zones of adrenal gland produces cortisol? zona glomerulosa Adrenal medulla zona fasciculata zona retcularis

zona fasciculata

which of the followings is produced in excrine portion of the pancreas?MACA Insulin Trypsinogen Amylase Lipases

Amylase Lipases Trypsinogen

Various classes of immunoglobulins are differentiated on the basis of their: variable region none of the above shapes FC (fixed region)

FC (fixed region)

In the spleen, red pulp is involved in the immune functions and white pulp is involved in disposing of worn-out RBCs. T/F

False

Liver sinusoids are classified as fenestrated capillaries. T/F

False

Oxytocin and ADH are produced in the neurohypophysis. T/F

False

Oxytocin is a strong stimulant of uterine contractions and it is produced in the Posterior lobe of pituitary gland. T/F

False

Pepsinogen is the precursor to the gastric enzyme for protein digestion and is secreted by the parietal cells. T/F

False

Peyer's patches are clusters of lymphoid tissue found primarily in the large intestine. T/F

False

Saliva contains IgA which belongs to innate immunity. T/F

False

Secondary lymphatic nodules are found in the paracortex of the spleen. T/F

False

There are more efferent lymphatic vessels leaving a lymph node than there are afferent vessels entering a lymph node. T/F

False

The functional and structural unit of the kidney is the ________. Bowman's capsule Loop of henle Glomerular capsule Renal corpuscle Nephron

Nephron

Lamina Propria is composed of: Dense Regular Connective tissue Dense Irregular Connective tissue Cartilage Reticular connective tissue None of the above

None of the above

Which of the following salivary glands contains only serous secretion Sublingual Submandibular Parotid gland All have equal concentration of serous and mucus cells

Parotid gland

Where do you find three layers of muscle in the muscularis externa of digestive tract organs? Esophagus Rectum Small instestine Colon Stomach

Stomach

Which of these structures is found in the stomach but nowhere else in the alimentary canal?MACA A circular muscle layer An oblique muscle layer Gastric pits Mucus-forming cells

An oblique muscle layer Gastric pits

Which of the following is/are true about B lymphocytes?MACA -They produce memory cells when activated. -Their receptors will bind to only one antigen. -B lymphocyte give rise to plasma cells which seceret antibodies -B lymphocytes are responsible for Cellular immunity

-They produce memory cells when activated. -Their receptors will bind to only one antigen. -B lymphocyte give rise to plasma cells which seceret

Which of the following statements is FALSE?MACA -Spleen is the largest lymphatic organs -T lymphocytes originate from the red bone marrow. -Thymosin is important for maturaion of B lymphocytes -The thymus gland contains lymphoid nodules

-Thymosin is important for maturaion of B lymphocytes -The thymus gland contains lymphoid nodules

Which of the following Is the part of the sympathetic nervous system? Adrenal medulla Pituitary gland (hypophysis) Thyroid gland Pancreas

Adrenal medulla

An antigen could be: a protein All are correct a lipid a polysaccharide

All are correct

Which of the following statements true regarding the spleen All of the above statements are correct Splenic cord contains reticular cells and fibers Splenic artery and vein enter and exit the spleen at the hilum. Spleen destroys old red blood cells White pulp contains B and T lymphocytes

All of the above statements are correct

Which of the following is produced by the islets of Langerhans? somatostatin All the above insulin glucagon

All the above

Glucagon is produced by ...........and..............blood glucose levels (MACA) Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans Beta cells of islets of Langerhans Decreases Increases PP (Pancreatic poly peptide) cells

Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans Increases

Which of the following cell types typically has MHCII molecules on the plasma membrane? All the cells have MHCII molecules on the plasma membrane Hepatocyte Fibroblast B lymphocytes

B lymphocytes

Insulin reach its target cells via: Bile duct Blood vessels lymphatic vessels Pancreatic ductis

Blood vessels

T helper cells are: CD8 both CD4 cells neither

CD4 cells

Site where exchange of food and gases are made Large arteries Capillaries Arterioles Large veins

Capillaries

Site where exchange of food and gases are made. Large arteries Capillaries Arterioles Large veins

Capillaries

Which of the followings produce gastric lipase? Chief cells Parietal cells Mucous cells Paneth cells

Chief cells

Where do you find villi in the digestive system ?MACA Esophagus Duodenum Ileum Stomach

Duodenum Ileum

Which of the following is NOT True regarding fenestrated capillaries? Fenestrated capillaries are found in kidney Fenestrated capillaries are found in the small intestine Fenestrated capillaries form the blood-brain barrier. Fenestrated capillaries are found in endocrine organs

Fenestrated capillaries form the blood-brain barrier.

Cells that help to regulate immune response are............cells Helper T cells B lymphocytes T Suppressor cells Cytotoxic T cells

Helper T cells

Which of the following antibodes is found in the saliva? IgM IgG IgA IgE

IgA

The only antibodies that normally cross the placenta are: IgA IgM IgD IgG

IgG

Which of the following antibodies are found in both primary and secondary immune response? IgE IgG IgM IgD

IgG

Which of the following is the first immunoglobulin to peak during a primary immune response? IgA IgD IgM IgG

IgM

Which of the following is not part of the large intestine? Ileum Cecum Cecum Sigmoid canal Ascending colon

Ileum

An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting duct to water is due to a(n) ________. Increase in the production of insulin None of the above is correct decrease in the production of ADH Increase in the production of ADH

Increase in the production of ADH

Which of the following is true statements about hepatic portal vein? MACA It is found in the center of the liver lobule It contains blood which is rich in oxygen It contains blood which is poor in oxygen It contains blood which is rich in nutrients

It contains blood which is poor in oxygen It contains blood which is rich in nutrients

Which of the following is correct about adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). It controls the secretion of aldosterone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland It causes the release of hormones from the adrenal medulla It controls the secretion of glucocorticoids

It controls the secretion of glucocorticoids

Which of the following is not characteristics of islets of Langerhans ? MACA Produces digestive enzymes Alpha cells produces glucagon Beta cells produces insulin Delta cells produce somatostatin It has exocrine function

It has exocrine function Produces digestive enzymes

Oxytocin ________. It is made in pars distalis of anterior lobe of pituitary gland It is made in posterior lobe of pituitary gland It is released from posterior lobe of pituitary gland It is made in the adrenal gland

It is released from posterior lobe of pituitary gland

The capillaries that nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients lie in the ________. Serosa Lamina propria Adventitia Submucosa

Lamina propria

Which chambers of the heart contain oxygenated blood? Right atrium and right ventricle Left atrium and left ventricle Right and left ventricle Right and left atria

Left atrium and left ventricle

Lamina propria is composed of ---------- Loose connective tissue Reticular connective tissue Dense regular connective tissue Hyaline cartilage

Loose connective tissue

Saliva has nonspecific immunity since it contains: IgA Enzymes Lysozyme It is under sympathetic control

Lysozyme

Enables quick and efficient response to secondary exposure to antigen. Memory cell suppressor T cell B lymphocytes plasma cell

Memory cell

Simple columnar epithelium is found in which histological layer of the digestive tract? Mucosa Submucosa Lamina propria Serosa

Mucosa

Which layer of the stomach contains the gastric pits that secrete mucus? Serosa Mucosa Muscularis externa Submucosa

Mucosa

Which of the layers of the alimentary canal is made from either stratified squamous or simple columnar epithelium? Mucosa Submucosa Serosa Muscularis externa

Mucosa

Which of the following contain oxygenated blood? Pulmonary vein Pulmonary trunk Pulmonary artery Right atrium Right ventricle

Pulmonary vein

Which part of the spleen is its primary site for red blood cell destruction? Medulla Red pulp Paracortex White pulp Capsule

Red pulp

Lymph traveling from the right arm would enter the venous circulation via the _______.

Right lymphatic duct

Sympathetic innervation of salivary glad is responsible for production of: Secretion of large amount of saliva Secretion of small amount of saliva There is no secretion of saliva in a sympathetic response None of the above is correct

Secretion of small amount of saliva

Arrange the basic layers of digestive tract from the outsisde to the inside.

Serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, nucosa

Peyer's patches are found in the distal portion of the ________.

Small intestine

Which of the following is responsible for most absorption?

Small intestine

Which organ of digestive tract absorbs the most nutrients? Large intestine Small intestine Esophagus Liver Stomach

Small intestine

stimulate release of pancreatic digestive enzymes Submucosa Epithelium Serosa Adventitia

Submucosa

The beta cells in the pancreatic islets of the pancreas produce insulin. T/F

TRUE

Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall. The heart chambers are lined by the endomysium. Connective tissue in the heart wall aids in the conduction of the action potential. The fibrous cardiac skeleton forms the bulk of the heart. The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts.

The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts.

Which of the following organs contain lymphoid (lymphatic) nodules? They all contains lymphatic nodules Peyer's patches Spleen Lymph node Tonsils

They all contains lymphatic nodules

T cells are differentiated into : CD4 or CD8. Which of the following is true of CD4 T cells? They become cytotoxic T cells. They become antigen presenting cells (APC) cells. They become T helper cells. They become plasma cells.

They become T helper cells.

What is the best explanation for the microvilli on the apical surface of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)? They hold on to enzymes that cleanse the filtrate before reabsorption. They increase the amount of surface area that comes in contact with the blood's plasma to help actively excrete toxins. Their movements propel the filtrate through the tubules. They increase the surface area and allow for a greater volume of filtrate components to be reabsorbed.

They increase the surface area and allow for a greater volume of filtrate components to be reabsorbed.

Which of the following structures is NOT considered mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) Tonsils Peyer's patches Thymus Appendix

Thymus

What is the valve between right artium and right ventricle? Bicuspid valve None of the above are correct Mitral valve Aortic semilunar valve Tricuspid valve

Tricuspid valve

Aldosterone is a hormone that causes distal convoluted tubules to retain sodium ions from the filtrate. T/F

True

Bone marrow is considered primary and lymph nodes as secondary lymphatic organs. T/F

True

Hepatic artery contains blood which is rich in oxygen. T/F

True

Soluble proteins secreted by plasma cells are called antibodies. T/F

True

Space of Disse in the liver is located between endothelial cells and hepatocytes. T/F

True

The pancreas has serous secretory units responsible for exocrine function. T/F

True

The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does not directly fight antigens. T/F

True

Histologically, the ________ is squamous epithelium supported by a sparse connective tissue layer. Tunica intima Tunica externa Tunica adventitia Tunica media

Tunica intima

Which structural layer of blood vessels is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure? Tunica intima Subendothelial Tunica externa Tunica media

Tunica media

Parasympathetic stimulation Causes the secretion of? Watery saliva Thick saliva

Watery saliva

Digestive enzymes in the pancreas are produced by______________ acinar or acini cells delta cells of islets of langerhans islets of langerhans beta cells of islets of langerhans

acinar or acini cells

What are secretory products of parotid gland?MACA pepisinogen IgM amylase IgA

amylase IgA

The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to ________.

collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing in the liver

What is the structure of parotid gland? compound acinar none of the above is correct simple coiled tubular compound tubuloacinar

compound acinar

Which of the following is/are functions of the liver? MACA detoxification production of antibody stores vitamin A storage of carbohydrates

detoxification stores vitamin A storage of carbohydrates

Bile is important for digestions of? nucleic acids proteins carbohydrates fats

fats

Small molecules that bind with self-proteins to produce antigenic substances are called ________. antibodies haptens reagins none of the above

haptens

The primary immune response ________.

has a lag period while B cells proliferate and become plasma cells

What is the function of cholecystokinin (CCK)? decrease the activities of the accessory digestive organs Icreases stomach acidiy increase the release of digestive enzymes and bile Increases saliva secretion

increase the release of digestive enzymes and bile

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ________. increases urine production is produced by the anterior pituitary is produced by hypothalamus decreases urine production

is produced by hypothalamus decreases urine production

Which of the following does not describe the juxtaglomerular complex? it contains extraglomerular mesangial cells it helps control systemic blood pressure its juxtaglomerular (granular) cells produce renin. its macula densa cells produce ADH

its macula densa cells produce ADH

Which of the following is produced by the pancreas? secretin lipase cholecystokinin bile

lipase

From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the digestive are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen.

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa

Innate immune system includes ________. helper T lymphocytes phagocytosis B lymphocytes cytotoxic T lymphocytes

phagocytosis

Innate immune system includes ________. phagocytosis cytotoxic T lymphocytes B lymphocytes helper T lymphocytes

phagocytosis

This gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism in the body? thyroid pineal pituitary parathyroid

thyroid

Which of the followings is not considered as innate immunity? skin stomach acidity sweat production production of antibody

production of antibody

Which of the following is found in the parotid salivary gland? mucous acini serous demilunes they are all found in the parotid gland serous acini

serous acini

What is the function of cholecystokinin? providing innate immunity stimulate activity of parietal cells stimulate release of pancreatic digestive enzymes stimulate release of bicarbonate ions and water

stimulate release of pancreatic digestive enzymes

A component of the innate defense includes: tears T cells B cells plasma cells

tears

Although B and T lymphocytes originate in the bone marrow, T cells mature in the:

thymus

The maturation of T lymphocytes happens in: lymph node spleen bone marrow thymus

thymus

Which lymphoid organ or tissue lacks a reticular fiber stroma?

thymus