Bee 1

Tours

A chronicle that describes this battle was composed 22 years later by Isidore of Beja. In the leadup to this battle, Odo's forces were soundly defeated near Bordeaux in the Battle of the River Garonne. In this battle, Abdul Rahman was killed during the losing side's retreat, in which they were pursued by Frankish infantry. For the point, name this 8th century battle in which Charles Martel's army defeated an Umayyad invasion of France.

Australia

A composer from this country rejected foreign tempo markings in his arrangements of folk songs like Lincolnshire Posy. Percy Grainger was from this country, where clapsticks sometimes accompany a wooden trumpet-like instrument played using circular breathing. A folk song by Eric Bogle about a soldier from this country who participated in the Battle of Gallipoli quoted a Banjo Patterson song from this country about a "swagman" who drowns in a billabong. "Waltzing Matilda" is from, for the point, what nation where the didgeridoo is played by Aborgines?

Missouri Compromise

A former president noted that this legislation "awakened and filled me with terror" "like a firebell in the night." Directly prior to this legislation, the Senate rejected the Tallmadge Amendment. This legislation prevented slavery in territories north of the 36-30 parallel, and admitted Maine as a free state in exchange for a namesake territory being admitted as a slave state. The Kansas-Nebraska Act nullified, for the point, what controversial 1820 compromise?

Germany

A group of scientists in this country formed the VfR, a "Society for Space Travel," after consulting on the film The Woman in the Moon. The Farm Hill transcripts detail conversations between ten nuclear physicists from this country who were detained in England. This country's Uranium Club included a man who stated an Uncertainty Principle. Werner Heisenberg was born in, for the point, what country in which Philip Lenard led the Aryan Physics movement?

Chancellor of the Exchequer

A holder of this position, Philip Snowden, responded to the start of the Great Depression by investigating government cutbacks in the May Report. In 1911, the holder of this position attacked German aggression in the Mediterranean in a Mansion House Speech. David Lloyd George held this position for seven years beginning in 1908, during which time he issued the People's Budget. For the point, name this position responsible for managing the British treasury.

Ireland

A leader of nationalist resistance in this country was nicknamed "The Big Fellow" and employed a hit squad nicknamed the "Twelve Apostles." The Croke Park and Phoenix Park massacres occurred in this country, where British irregulars known as the "Black and Tans" were deployed to crush nationalist resistance. The leaders of this country's independence movement included Michael Collins and Eamon de Valera. For the point, name this country where in 1920, British soldiers murdered spectators at a Gaelic football match in Dublin.

Mughal empire

A leader of this empire fled to Persia after a war with Sher Shah Suri. This empire's Bengal Subah province accounted for over half of its economic power. As a member of the Navratnas, Birbal advised an illiterate leader of this empire who created his own religion, Din-i Ilahi. The first leader of this empire defeated Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat, which led to the annexation of the Delhi Sultanate. For the point, name this Indian Empire founded by Babur.

Prime minister of canada

A man in this political position wrote a letter to Rajiv Gandhi apologizing for the Air India Flight 182 bombing. Hugh Allan bribed a man with this position in the Pacific Scandal. A man in this position said, "Just watch me," while facing a terrorist incident in the October Crisis. Kim Campbell was the only woman to hold this position, which was first held by Sir John A. MacDonald. For the point, name this highest position in Canada's government, currently held by Justin Trudeau.

Arabic

A non-Christian philosopher who wrote in this language wrote a spiritual autobiography titled Deliverance from Error, as well as The Incoherence of the Philosophers, which promoted the ideas of the Asharite school. Debates conducted in this language over an ancient Greek philosopher included The Incoherence of the Incoherence, written by Averroes. The theologian Al-Ghazali wrote primarily in, for the point, what language into which many works were translated by scholars at the House of Wisdom in Baghdad?

St petersburg

A palace in this city is filled with paintings commemorating victory over the Ottomans at the Battle of Cesme [chez-mah]. The largest stone ever moved by man, the Thunderstone, was transported to this city, where it now serves as a pedestal for a bronze equestrian statue of this city's modernizing founder. Swamps on the Neva River were cleared out to construct this "window to the west." For the point, name this city that was built to replace Moscow as the capital of Russia.

voting

A paradox about this process named for Anthony Downs notes that, for certain people, the cost of doing this outweighs the benefits because the impact of doing this is probably irrelevant. Systems for carrying out this process are often evaluated by the Condorcet criterion, and race-based discrepancies between its projected and actual results are described in an effect named for Los Angeles mayor Tom Bradley. For the point, name this decision-making method commonly used in democracies.

Louis 14

A popular portrait of this man in a blue robe and light blue tights was painted by Hyacinthe Rigaud [ree-GOH]. Andre-Charles Boulle's inlay work was prized by this king's court. This king commissioned the muralist Charles Le Brun to paint scenes of embassies to his court on the ceiling of the Hall of Mirrors. This man commissioned the architect Louis Le Vau to oversee the expansion of the gardens and Palace of Versailles. For the point, name this Bourbon "Sun King."

Josean Dynasty

A ruler of this dynasty tried to legitimize his rule by forcing dissident ministers to recite poetry but failed to so and thus executed those "six martyred ministers." This dynasty launched an expedition against the Tsushima Islands and established a "Hall of the Worthies" for scholars. Taejo founded this dynasty, which was aided in fighting off a Japanese invasion by Yi Sun-Sin, after which it became isolationist and was known as a "hermit kingdom." Sejong the Great once led, for the point, what Korean dynasty that ruled from the fall of Goryeo to the early 20th century?

Confederacy

A spy working for this country gained information about American troops by romancing US Senator Henry Wilson. This country utilized the spies Rose Greenhow and Belle Boyd. Because this country's only major arms manufacturer was the Tredegar Iron Works, it employed blockade runners to bypass ships enforcing the Anaconda Plan. For the point, name this country whose Secretary of State, Judah Benjamin, managed its covert operations from its capital of Richmond, Virginia

Vitamin C

APX enzymes use this compound as an electron donor. James Lind pioneered the use of clinical trials with a study on a key use of this compound. Albert Szent-Gyorgyi and Walter Haworth were awarded a Nobel Prize for the discovery of this compound, which was the first ever vitamin to be manufactured. Use of this vitamin to combat cancer and the common cold was promoted by Linus Pauling. A lack of this vitamin causes collagen instability, which led to many sailors developing scurvy. For the point, name this vitamin found in citrus fruit like oranges.

Ziggurats

According to Herodotus, one of these structures was said to be inhabited by a woman living in a large golden couch and is located at Etemenanki. The oldest example of these structures is the Sialk in Iran, and a "White" example of these structures stood in Uruk. The top platform of these structures were believed to bridge heaven and earth and were the site of priestly rituals. For the point, identify these terraced Mesopotamian temples, often cited as precursors to Egyptian pyramids.

sweden

According to legend, a king of this country ordered an experiment in which imprisoned identical twins were forced to drink coffee or tea to test the dangers of coffee. Another king of this country led the March Across the Belts, after which it received Scania from Denmark. The House of Bernadotte became the ruling family of this country after it lost Finland in 1809. Ren´e Descartes was employed by Christina, a Queen of, for the point, what country that she ruled from Stockholm?

Ardennes

According to legend, the four sons of Aymon fled to this region on the magical river-jumping horse Bayard. Charlemagne is said to have dreamed of this region the night before the disaster at Roncevaux Pass. The Dinant region in this forest was targeted by Heinz Guderian at the end of the Phony War, since it was undefended by the Maginot Line. This forest was also exploited by panzers in the Battle of the Bulge. For the point, name this largely Belgian forest that provided a route for the Nazi invasion of France.

Saint Augustine of Hippo

After Garry Wills translated a work by this man, he published a 2011 "Biography" of the work, arguing to read it as it was read in the 5th century. A book by this man recounts how he heard the command "take up and read" while meditating in a garden and how he needlessly stole some pears from a neighboring orchard in his youth. This man's mother Monica died in the port city of Ostia shortly after this man converted to Christianity in Milan under the patronage of Saint Ambrose; thereafter, he became a bishop in Hippo Regius in north Africa. For the point, name this 5th-century theologian who wrote the Confessions.

Beijing

After receiving news that diplomats had been tortured, French and British troops trashed this city's Old Summer Palace in 1860. The Yongzheng Emperor required everyone taking the civil service examination to learn this city's dialect of Mandarin. This city was the site of the Siege of the International Legations, which caused the deployment of the Eight Nation Alliance during the Boxer Rebellion. The Qing dynasty's seat of power was the Forbidden City in, for the point, what capital of China?

Battle of yorktown

After this battle, Sir Charles Asgill was captured and supposedly mistreated. According to separate legends, this battle's opening cannon shots destroyed both the ship Guadeloupe and a dinner table where enemy officers were eating. One side in this battle lost control of Redoubts 9 and 10 after their supply lines were cut by a naval defeat at Chesapeake. The song "The World Turned Upside Down" allegedly played after the surrender at, for the point, what 1787 battle where Cornwallis surrendered to Washington, the last major battle of the American Revolution?

Sparta

After this city's forces lost the Battle of Arginusae, the winning city sentenced six of their eight winning generals to death. The Mothax Lysander was a famous admiral from this city, which lost power after losing the Battle of Leuctra to an echelon formation fielded by Thebes. Xerxes' advance was slowed by King Leonidas and a group of 300 soldiers from this city at the Battle of Thermopylae. For the point, name this militaristic Greek city state that was the main enemy of Athens in the Peloponnesian War.

Barbarossa

An admiral with this nickname defeated an allied fleet under the command of Andrea Doria at the Battle of Preveza. Another leader with this name ordered the sacking of Milan in 1162 and married Beatrice of Burgundy. An operation with this name superseded Operation Otto as Nazi Germany's plan for the invasion of the Soviet Union. A king who went by this nickname drowned while crossing the Saleph River during the Third Crusade. For the point, give this nickname of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I that translates as "Red Beard."

Philippines

At a battle fought off the shores of this country, Admiral Halsey aggressively maneuvered the U.S. Third Fleet north, earning that battle the nickname "Bull's Run." Masaharu Homma was executed for war crimes he committed in this country, where he forced a group of POWs to trek sixty miles to Camp O'Donnell. The Battle of Leyte Gulf was fought near this country, where Japanese forces carried out the Bataan Death March. For the point, name this Asian country to which Douglas MacArthur vowed to return.

Tr

Both Richard Nixon's victory and resignation addresses quoted this orator's "Citizenship in a Republic" speech, which notes "It is not the critic who counts," but rather "the man who is actually in the arena." At Carnegie Hall in 1915, this man attacked "Hyphenated Americans" and argued for assimilation of immigrant cultures. After a speech for the Progressive Party in Milwaukee, this president was shot by John Schrank. For the point, name this politician who, after that shooting, claimed "it takes more than that to kill a Bull Moose."

doctors

Carl Batecchi wrote about his experiences as one of these people in a Dustoff helicopter unit during the Vietnam War. After his experiences in Biafra, one of these people named Bernard Kouchner founded an international group of them that won the 1999 Nobel Peace Prize. Fictional examples of these people named BJ Hunnicut and Hawkeye Pierce worked in the 4077th during the Korean War in the T.V. show M*A*S*H. For the point, name these professionals who work "without Borders" in warzones to heal the wounded

string quartet

Charles Ives's first piece in this genre, based on hymn tunes, was subtitled "From the Salvation Army." One of these pieces, part of a set dedicated to the Hungarian count Joseph Erd˝ody, includes a set of variations on "God Save Emperor Francis," a melody that would become the German national anthem. Mozart's Opus 10 is a set of these chamber music pieces dedicated to the "father" of this non-symphonic genre, Joseph Haydn. For the point, name this chamber music ensemble that consists of two violins, a viola, and a cello.

Arlington

Dedications at this site include a memorial to the victims of the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing at the Lockerbie Cairn, as well as a memorial built from the mast of the sunken USS Maine. John Carl Warnecke designed an eternal flame at this site in honor of John F. Kennedy. Recipients of the Silver Star or Purple Heart meet the criteria to be buried at, for the point, what national military cemetery across the Potomac River from Washington DC?

Kievan Rus

During a succession crisis in this empire, Boleslaw the Brave broke his sword while smashing it on a golden gate; that succession crisis is recounted in the monk Nestor's Primary Chronicle. Sviatopolk the Accursed was defeated at the Alta River by this empire's greatest ruler, Yaroslav the Wise. This empire's most famous ruler married Basil II's sister, Anna Porphyrogeneta, and converted his subjects to Orthodox Christianity. Vladimir the Great ruled, for the point, what proto-Russian state whose capital was in modern Ukraine?

Famine

During one of these events, Richard Temple opened work camps and was criticized for "teaching the natives that it is the duty of the government to keep them alive." Another of these events that took place in India in the late 18th century was nicknamed for the skulls of its victims. One of these events, known locally as An Gortha Mor, was caused in part by overreliance on the Lumper variety of a certain crop. For the point, name these events, one of which caused thousands of refugees to flee Ireland in the 1840s and was caused by a potato-killing blight.

1992

During the primaries in this election year, Paul Tsongas proclaimed "I'm not trying to play Santa Claus" to explain his lack of a tax cut plan. A Vice Presidential candidate in this year couldn't spell "potato" at a children's spelling bee. Pat Buchanan's culture war speech was given at this year's Republican convention. In this election year, the Presidential incumbent lost despite the successful Gulf War. Al Gore was elected Vice President in, for the point, what year in which Bill Clinton defeated George H. W. Bush?

Meji Restoration

During this period, a system of five ranks of nobility called the kazoku was created, and the rigid class system was abolished by the Charter Oath. Two southern provinces, Satsuma and Choshu, allied during the Boshin War, whose end solidified the reforms of this period. This period began after the arrival of Matthew Perry's "black ships" and the signing of the Convention of Kanagawa. For the point, name this 19th century period of modernization in Japan, when the namesake emperor was restored to the throne.

Theater fire

Event and type of location required. In Brooklyn in 1876, almost 300 people died in one of these events, whose victims were mostly from the upper family circle. Eddie Foy tried to calm the crowd during one of these events at Chicago's Iroquois in 1903, but over 600 people died, making it the deadliest of these events in history. In the opinion to 1919's Schenck v. United States, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. wrote that "the most stringent protection of free speech would not protect" someone from falsely shouting that one of these events was occurring. For the point, name this specific type of disaster, one of which destroyed Shakespeare's Globe after a cannon accident.

Toyotomi clan

Forces loyal to this family consolidated under Mitsunari Ishida to form the Western Army. A member of this family assumed the title of regent because his low birth prevented him from reaching a higher position. The Council of Five Elders was created to rule in place of a young member of this family named Hideyori. Osaka Castle was constructed by a member of this family who wanted to surpass his mentor, Oda Nobunaga. For the point, name this family that opposed Tokugawa Ieyasu [Tokugawa ee-ay-yah-soo] and that included Hideyoshi.

Athens expedition to Sicily

Hyperbolus argued that this campaign should have included an attack on Carthage. This campaign began as a reply to Segesta's request for aid, and it was doomed by the arrival of Gylippus' reinforcements. This campaign received its first setback when the vandalization of the religious hermai statues was falsely blamed on commander Alcibiades [al-kih-bee-ah-deez], prompting him to defect to Sparta. For the point, name this disastrous Peloponnesian War expedition in which Athens attacked an Italian island.

Harvard

In 2010, while working at this university, Reinhard and Rogoff wrote the austerity-promoting paper "Growth in a Time of Debt." A seminar co-taught by Michael Walzer and Robert Nozick at this university was titled "Capitalism and Socialism" and resulted in the publication of Anarchy, State, and Utopia. This university's popular "Justice" course is taught by Michael Sandel and discusses one of this school's longest serving philosophy professors, John Rawls. For the point, name this Ivy League university once headed by Lawrence Summers, located in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

north sea

In a battle in this sea, the ships Iron Duke and Lion were baited into attacking Reinhard Scheer's fleet. In this sea, the Ariadne was sunk and admiral Leberecht Maas was killed when a naval squadron was ambushed near Heligoland Bight. John Jellicoe and Franz Hipper's Royal Navy and High Seas Fleet faced off at the World War I Battle of Jutland in, for the point, what sea located between Britain, Scandinavia, and Germany?

Avignon

In medieval times, the center of this city, Carpentras, was found within the Comtat Venaissin. The plans of Gregory XI to leave this city were halted by a conflict with Florence called the War of the Eight Saints. The Western Schism began after a major religious office was removed from this city in 1376, ending the period dubbed the Babylonian Captivity. For the point, name this French city to which Clement V moved the home of the Papacy.

Streep

In one film, this actress portrayed a friend of Simone Beck who accompanies her diplomat husband Paul to Paris. In another film, she portrays a woman who inherits control of her husband's business after he kills himself in a manic-depressive episode. In that 2017 film, this actress portrayed Katherine Graham, who chooses to publish the Pentagon Papers. For the point, name this actress who played Julia Child in Julie and Julia and who starred in The Post, a three-time Oscar Winner for Best Actress.

First Continental Congress

Joseph Galloway presented a Plan of Union to this body that was firmly rejected. This body, which endorsed the Suffolk Resolves as a move of solidarity, was presided over by Henry Middleton after the departure of its original president, Peyton Randolph. In its Declaration and Resolves, this body requested that Committees of Safety boycott British trade. The Intolerable Acts were the impetus for, for the point, what 1774 meeting between delegates of the Thirteen Colonies that failed to stave off the Revolutionary War?

Solidarity

Leaders of this organization controversially wore buttons depicting a black Madonna, and some of those leaders ran on a doctrine of "shock therapy." Secretary Kania's lax attitude towards this group, along with the Theses on Hope and Hopelessness, may have led to his downfall. The 21 Postulates of the MKS inspired this group, which engaged in the Round Table Talks with General Jaruzelski [yar-oo-zel-skee] after a strike in the Gdansk shipyards. For the point, name this trade union that was co-founded by former electrician Lech Walesa [vah-wen-sah] in Poland.

Pol Pot

Malcolm Caldwell was murdered hours after meeting with this man. Nate Thayer, one of the few foreign journalists to interview this man, theorized that he killed himself to avoid being handed over to America. In 1985, this man selected a successor: Son Sen, who had earlier overseen S-21. Nuon Chea, who briefly interrupted this man's term as Prime Minister, was this man's second-in-command and known as "Brother Number Two." For the point, name this first prime minister of Democratic Kampuchea, the leader of the Khmer Rouge.

Operation Valkyrie

One of these actions involved the alleged shipment of two bottles of brandy aboard a plane in Smolensk. During one of these actions, the Reserve Army was activated by Friedrich Fromm, who later defected and executed the central planners. A briefcase bomb exploded at the Wolf's Lair but failed to accomplish this action; that plan by Claus von Stauffenberg was the 20th of July plot. Had this action succeeded, Operation Valkyrie would have taken effect. For the point, name this never completed action that would have created a power vacuum in Nazi Germany.

department stores

One of these businesses was established in the Marble Palace at 280 Broadway by A.T. Stewart. Robert Wood, who made his name working at these businesses, was a key financial backer of the America First movement. The Greensboro sit-in began at a lunch counter inside one of these businesses. One of these businesses sponsors New York City's annual Thanksgiving Day Parade. Frank Woolworth and Marshall Field founded, for the point, what type of business such as Sears and Macy's?

Chariot races

Participants in these events would make offerings to the minor deity Taraxippus. The quadriga was often used in these events, one of which instigated a civil disturbance between factions nicknamed the Blues and the Greens. The Nika Riots were spurred by controversy surrounding these events, which were held in Constantinople's Hippodrome. The Circus Maximus in Rome hosted, for the point, what events in which ancient competitors completed laps in horse-drawn vehicles?

inca empire

Precise masonry practiced by this culture allowed them to build a wall containing a stone cut with twelve angles and sides. A city built by this culture was possibly laid out in the shape of a puma. This culture built a large sundial-like structure known as the intihuana in another city built for Emperor Pachachuti; that site was was discovered by an expedition led by Hiram Bingham. For the point, name this Andean empire that built Machu Picchu.

Tenochtitlan

Prior to its foundation, the residents of this city journeyed from the Place of Herons to Grasshopper Hill, where they got in trouble for flaying a princess of the Culhua people. This city's sacred precinct was centered around a double temple to deities of war and rain, the Templo Mayor. This city was founded in a marsh at the spot where an eagle atop a cactus was eating a snake, supposedly a sign sent by Huitzilopotchli [h'weet-zee-loh-pock-t'lee]. For the point, name this Aztec capital city.

philosophers

Sculptural depictions of one member of this profession are classified as Type A or Type B; Type B works are inspired by a bronze statue made by Lysippos. Another man of this profession wears a white robe and gold, sash-like chain and rests his hand on a bust in a dark portrait by Rembrandt. In a painting by Jacques-Louis David, a member of this profession holds a cup and points upward as his friends and followers lament. For the point, name this profession of the central figure of The Death of Socrates.

Tanks

The 2nd Division unit dedicated to the use of this technology won a decisive American victory in the Battle of Norfolk. In 1980, the U.S. introduced a new generation of these weapons named after Creighton Abrams. The M4 variety of these weapons, used extensively in World War II, was named after William T. Sherman. George Patton commanded the first American unit dedicated to the use of these weapons in World War I. For the point, name these armored battle vehicles.

Chinese

The Geary Act required people of this ethnicity to carry internal passports. Workers of this ethnicity were killed in the Rock Springs Massacre, primarily by members of the Knights of Labor, and were opposed by Denis Kearney's Workingmen's Party. Reneging on the Burlingame Treaty allowed the US to forbid immigration from these people's home country, which was done in 1882. For the point, name this ethnicity, the subject of a namesake Exclusion Act, whose workers were exploited in building the Pacific end of the transcontinental railroad.

Decembrist

The actions of this movement marked the difference between the "people of wine" and "people of vinegar" according to Yury Tynyanov. The Union of Salvation was an precursor organization to this movement, which used the slogan "Konstantin and Constitution." Members of this movement were exiled to Siberia after their failed attempt to depose the successor of Alexander I, Nicholas I. For the point, name this movement of reformist Russian officers who executed a failed conspiracy in winter 1825.

algeria

The anti-colonialist Henry Curiel aided this country's independence movement in the Jeanson network. Another country's Foreign Affairs Secretary, Alain Savary, resigned after an eventual ruler of this country, Ahmed Ben Bella, was arrested in 1956. Fighting in this country, which fought the Sand War with Morocco, caused the Harkis and Pied Noirs [peed-nwah] to flee to Europe. The Evian Accords ended a war of independence in, for the point, what former colonial holding of France in North Africa?

Gulf of Tonkin

The book Spartans in Darkness analyzes signal intelligence's role in an event in this body of water. James Stockdale led a group of aircraft from the Ticonderoga on a bombing run during a DESOTO patrol in this body of water. Wayne Morse was one of only two senators to oppose a law, named after this body of water, that granted Lyndon Johnson the power to deploy American troops in Southeast Asia. The Turner Joy and the Maddox were attacked by torpedo boats in, for the point, what gulf off the coast of North Vietnam?

Mission Accomplished

The deliverer of this speech was praised as a "a high-flying jet star" by political commentator Chris Matthews for his flashy jet landing. This speech, given aboard the USS Abraham Lincoln, announced that "our allies [had] prevailed" and that "major combat operations" had ended. This speech earned its name from a phrase emblazoned across a red, white, and blue banner in the background. For the point, name this widely mocked speech, given by George W. Bush, that prematurely declared success in the Iraq War in 2003.

Indus river valley

The development of Mehrgarh was a direct predecessor to this culture. Deciphering the approximately 400 symbols in this culture's writing system, including a mysterious unicorn, is an important open question in archaeology. The Great Bath was built by this culture, which possessed the most advanced urban planning and sanitation systems of the ancient world. The docks at Lothal were constructed by this culture, as were the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro. For the point, name this ancient culture that flourished around a namesake Pakistani river.

First lady

The first holder of this position used it to establish the "Republican Court," which convened parties in New York and Philadelphia. Emily Donelson assumed this position after the sudden death of her aunt, and Harriet Lane fulfilled this role for her legal guardian. A copy of the Landsdowne portrait was legendarily saved from invading soldiers by a holder of, for the point, what position held by Dolley Madison, Martha Washington, and other Presidential spouses?

San Francisco

The first plague epidemic in the U.S. began in this city in 1900. A resident of this city named Joshua Norton issued his own money and declared himself Emperor of the United States. Daniel Burnham proposed a Haussmann-style reconstruction of this city, where Levi Strauss founded his jeans company following the 1849 California Gold Rush. Alcatraz Prison lies in a bay north of, for the point, what California city that was struck by a 1906 earthquake and fire?

Dunkirk

This action was made possible by the delaying tactics of the Siege of Lille [leel]. This action was preceded by one side ordering a surprising halt order for Army Group A. So-called "Little Ships" aided in the performing of this action, codenamed Operation Dynamo, which Winston Churchill called a "colossal military disaster" because of the sheer amount of equipment and vehicles lost by the British Expeditionary Forces. For the point, name this June 1940 evacuation of Allied forces from a harbor city in northern France.

Tubman

This activist donated a portion of land to the AME Zion Church to establish a home for the elderly. During one mission, this woman pulled out a revolver and threatened a man "you go on or die." William Lloyd Garrison gave a religious nickname to this woman, who never ran her "train off the track" or "lost a passenger." For the point, name this woman, nicknamed Moses, who assisted dozens of slaves as a conductor on the Underground Railroad.

Whitman

This author asked "What is it fateful woman... Are the things so strange and marvelous you see or have seen?" in his poem "Ethiopia Saluting the Colours." An army hospital is the setting of this man's poem "The Wound Dresser," which joins a poem that declares "Beat! beat! drums!-blow! bugles! blow!" in his collection Drum-Taps. This author stated "our fearful trip is done" in a poem about the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. For the point, name this American author of "O Captain! My Captain!" and Leaves of Grass.

Claudius

This author wrote about a watchmaker and a draper who choose to be executed rather than to give up a password to enemy forces in his story "Two Friends." Rachel hides in a bell tower after stabbing a drunken officer to death in this author's story "Mademoiselle Fifi." The prostitute Elizabeth Rousset flees during the Franco-Prussian War in this author's story "Ball of Fat." For the point, name this French author who wrote about a piece of fake jewelry in "The Necklace?"

Maupassant

This author wrote about a watchmaker and a draper who choose to be executed rather than to give up a password to enemy forces in his story "Two Friends." Rachel hides in a bell tower after stabbing a drunken officer to death in this author's story "Mademoiselle Fifi." The prostitute Elizabeth Rousset flees during the Franco-Prussian War in this author's story "Ball of Fat." For the point, name this French author who wrote about a piece of fake jewelry in "The Necklace?"

Somme

This battle included a clash at Flers-Courcelette [flair cor-seh-lett] where key reinforcements from Canada and New Zealand arrived. As part of this battle, Hubert Gough led an offensive on Thiepval Ridge that was planned by Douglas Haig. The Pals Battalions were dissolved after this battle due to a massive amount of casualties. The tank was first used at, for the point, what inconclusive, months-long World War I battle in which the UK suffered nearly 60,000 casualties in one day in 1916?

Atlantic city

This city once boasted the 600-room United States Hotel as the country's biggest hotel. In this city, a flood struck a candy shop owned by David Bradley, who then invented salt water taffy. This city's landmarks include the Marven Gardens, one of numerous inspirations for the board game Monopoly. The Steel Pier and the former Trump Taj Mahal are located along this city's boardwalk, the first in the United States. For the point, name this gambling resort city on New Jersey's coast.

Chicago

This city's artificial Northerly Island was created as part of a namesake "Plan" for this city developed by Daniel Burnham. A series of canal locks developed in this city during the late 19th century reversed the flow of its namesake river. Four red stars are located between two light blue horizontal bars on this American city's flag. This county seat of Cook County contains the "L" rapid transit system and Navy Pier. For the point, name this most populous city in Illinois.

Tchakovsky

This composer wrote his own libretto for an opera based on Ivan the Terrible's secret police, The Oprichnik. In another of this man's operas, Herman takes his own life after seeing the title object while gambling. The title character of another opera by this composer rejects Tatyana and kills Lensky in a duel. This composer of The Queen of Spades and Eugene Onegin used a celesta for the "Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy" in another work. For the point, name this Russian composer of The Nutcracker

Taiwan

This country arrested Peng Ming-min, who spent four years under house arrest before fleeing to Sweden. A leader of this country once declared "the sky is not big enough for two suns." This country was the site of the February 28 incident, which resulted in 40 years of martial law called the White Terror. In 1996, this country held its first direct presidential election, resulting in a Kuomintang victory. Chiang Kai-Shek fled to, for the point, what island, home to the Republic of China?

Sudan

This country was the site of the Battle of Umm Diwaikarat, where the remnants of Abdallahi ibn Muhammad's rebels were defeated. A rebellion in this country began when fanatics ambushed William Hicks, but it was reconquered by the British after Herbert Kitchener's victory at the Battle of Omdurman. This country was the site of the Mahdist revolt, whose casualties included Chinese Gordon during a battle for the capital. For the point, name this country whose capital of Khartoum fell in 1885

Cuban Missile Crisis

This event ended shortly after a letter declared "the more the two of us pull, the tighter that knot [of war] will be tied." An earlier diplomatic effort to mediate this event involved Adlai Stevenson demanding, "don't wait for the translation, answer yes or no!" while questioning an ambassador about photographs taken from a U2 plane. The agreement ending this event included the removal of Jupiter missiles in Turkey and the creation of a Moscow-DC hotline. For the point, name this 1962 event in which the Soviets attempted to weaponize a Caribbean island.

Stasi

This group orchestrated the murder of the university student Benno Ohnesorg in an attempt to sow chaos in an enemy country. This organization quietly provided technical and financial support to the Red Army Faction, and perfected its own gaslighting technique called zersetzung. Prominent members of this organization included longtime leader Erich Mielke and a man who successfully led the infiltration of Willy Brandt's cabinet, Markus Wolf. For the point, name this official intelligence service of East Germany.

Georgia

This is the home state of President Trump's first Agriculture Secretary who, in 2003, became this state's first Republican governor since Reconstruction. A Congressman from this state became Speaker of the House in 1995 after working with Texas' Dick Armey on the "Contract with America." This state was governed by a Democrat in the early 1970s who later beat Gerald Ford to become President. For the point, name this home state of politicians like Sonny Perdue, Newt Gingrich, and Jimmy Carter.

Cyrus the great

This man allegedly used the foul smell of his camels to scare off enemy horses at the Battle of Thymbra. This king of Anshan consolidated power by defeating Nabonidus, which was recorded on a namesake cylinder that highlighted this man's rule. This ruler's achievements include ending the Babylonian Captivity, allowing Jews to return to their homelands, and creating a new capital at Pasargadae [pass-AR-guh-dye]. For the point, name this founder of the Achaemenid dynasty in Persia.

Harry Lee

This man earned respect and a nickname for leading the 1st Continental Light Dragoons, which ambushed John Pyle's Loyalist militia at the Battle of Haw River. This man's legion was forced to retreat to Nathanael Greene's main force at the Battle of Guilford Courthouse after a clash with Banastre Tarleton. George Washington appointed this man to put down the Whiskey Rebellion. For the point, name this Revolutionary War soldier, nicknamed "Light-Horse Harry," who was the father of a Confederate general.

Shi Huangdi

This man executed an entire local populace after nobody confessed to writing a message on a fallen meteor predicting his death. This man standardized his country by introducing the Ban Liang coin and the small seal script. Sima Qian [chee-ahn] accused this man of burying Confucian scholars alive, but he probably only murdered priests and shamans who misled him about immortality. Li Si was employed by, for the point, what proponent of Legalism, the first Emperor of China?

Rockefeller

This man launched a price war against Thomas Scott of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Shortly after ending a partnership with Andrews and Flagler to form his own company, this man absorbed 22 competitors in the "Cleveland Massacre." This man's questionable practices were exposed in McClure's by muckraker Ida Tarbell. The Sherman Antitrust Act eventually broke up his company into branches like Shell and Chevron. For the point, name this American tycoon, the founder of Standard Oil.

Mao

This man met with Nikita Khrushchev in an outdoor pool and, exploiting Khrushchev's poor swimming, humiliatingly offered him water wings. Pakistan's foreign minister inadvertently caused a mass hysteria by presenting mangoes to this man. Enver Hoxha [ho-cha] was the only leader to support this man in a decade-long political struggle over de-Stalinization. For the point, name this Chinese leader who oversaw the Sino-Soviet split and whose sayings are collected in the "Little Red Book."

gorbachev

This man was nicknamed the "mineral water drinking" secretary after taxing and restricting the sale of alcohol. This man, who suppressed rebels in Baku during Black January, began a policy of allowing satellite states to manage their internal affairs that earned the nickname "Sinatra Doctrine." After serving as this man's Vice President, Gennady Yanayev led a Gang of Eight coup against him that failed after Boris Yeltsin stood on a tank. The policies of glasnost and perestroika were created by, for the point, what last General Secretary of the Soviet Union?

Benjamin Harrison

This man was supported by William Wade Dudley, who controversially suggested bribing voters in "blocks of five." The Dependent and Disability Pension act was championed by this Ohio Congressman, who later signed it into law. Near the end of his administration, this man's plan to annex Hawaii was blocked by the Senate. The Billion Dollar Congress supported this President and passed the harsh McKinley tariff. For the point, name this president who both succeeded and preceded Grover Cleveland.

Yuri Gagarin

This man's whistling of "The Motherland Hears, The Motherland Knows" inspired the tune of a patriotic song titled the "Constellation of" this man. This man's apocryphal claim that he "didn't see any God" was used in anti-religious campaigns by Nikita Khrushchev, who referred to this man as the "New Columbus." This man famously exclaimed "poyekhali" before the beginning of his mission aboard Vostok 1. For the point, name this Soviet cosmonaut who, in 1961, became the first man to enter outer space.

Wallace

This politician declared that "if any demonstrator ever lays down in front of my car, it'll be the last car he'll ever lay down in front of" and described "work" and "soap" as the only four letter words that hippies didn't know. This man became paralyzed from the waist down after he was shot by Arthur Bremer, which effectively ended his bid against George McGovern in the 1972 Democratic primary. In 1963, this man declared his support for segregation "now," "tomorrow," and "forever." For the point, name this Alabama governor who carried out the "Stand in the Schoolhouse Door."

Huey long

This politician made headlines when he received a black eye after relieving himself on the leg of a partygoer at the Sands Point Bath Club in Long Island. This man's campaigning helped Hattie Wyatt Caraway win a reelection bid as a senator from Arkansas. This man called for radical caps on individual net worth and income in the Share Our Wealth program, but his presidential ambitions ended when he was assassinated by Carl Weiss in 1935. For the point, name this Louisiana politician nicknamed "The Kingfish."

Barry goldwater

This politician names an informal rule that psychiatrists will not speak about politicians' mental health without analyzing them in person. This politician, who jokingly advocated lobbing a nuclear weapon "into the men's room at the Kremlin," published The Conscience of a Conservative in 1960, four years before his slogan "in your heart, you know he's right" was mocked by his opponent's slogan "in your guts, you know he's nuts." For the point, name this Arizona senator who lost the 1964 Presidential election to Lyndon Johnson.

Disraeli

This politician successfully ordered Sir John Napier to rescue Protestant hostages taken by Tewodros II of Ethiopia. Under his tenure, this man's country suffered a severe defeat in the Battle of Isandlwana by Zulu warriors. This man represented his country with Lord Salisbury at the Congress of Berlin, and he won acclaim for purchasing majority shares in the Suez Canal for his nation. Queen Victoria was a fervent supporter of, for the point, what British prime minister, a rival of William Gladstone?

New jersey

This state was the only one of the original thirteen states not to restrict voting by race or gender until 1807, when it restricted the vote to white, property-owning men. The legend of Molly Pitcher originated from a battle in this state, which names the William Paterson-proposed small state plan for the legislature at the Constitutional Convention. Johann Rall was killed after George Washington crossed the Delaware River into, for the point, what state where the Battle of Trenton was fought

Aung San Suu Kyi

This woman's father convened the Panglong Conference to assess the status of his country's minorities. Because this woman is the mother of British citizens, she is barred from assuming her elected office. This de facto leader, the head of the National League for Democracy, was not able to accept her Nobel Peace Prize because her country's military regime had barred her from returning if she left the country. This leader has been criticized for her indifference to the plight of the Rohingya. For the point, name this politician who long opposed the ruling military junta of Myanmar.

mary queen of scots

This woman's husband was killed by a gunpowder explosion that leveled a house at Kirk o' Field. This woman's betrothal was provided by the Treaty of Greenwich [gren-itch], and her marriage to Edward VI was the goal of the aggressors in the War of the Rough Wooing. After the suspicious death of her husband, Lord Darnley, this person was imprisoned by her cousin Elizabeth I and held in captivity until her execution. For the point, name this queen whose nickname reflects her rule over a realm north of England.

Alamo

Three months prior to this battle, its central location was seized from troops under Martin Perfecto de Cos. Immediately after this battle, the losing side launched a massive retreat called the Runaway Scrape. Susanna Dickinson was one of the few survivors of this battle, which was a two-week siege that claimed the lives of James Bowie and Davy Crockett. For the point, name this 1836 battle in which a San Antonio mission was captured by Santa Anna's army, inspiring a rallying cry to "Remember" it.

Haymarket Square Riot

To avoid execution for his role in this event, Louis Lingg detonated a blasting cap in his mouth. Though four of this event's participants were hanged by Richard Oglesby, the remainder were pardoned by the newly appointed governor John Peter Altgeld. This event occurred just as Samuel Fielden was approached by police as he finished speaking to a crowd outside the McCormick factory. For the point, name this 1886 event in which a bomb was thrown at police in Chicago.

nucleus

Weizsacker's formula is used to approximate the mass of this structure, whose liquid drop model was proposed by George Gamow. Ernest Marsden and Hans Geiger conducted a 1911 experiment that discovered this structure; that experiment involved firing alpha particles at a sheet of gold foil and is usually named for its advisor, Ernest Rutherford. The plum puding model was discarded after the discovery of, for the point, what structure found in the center of atoms, composed of protons and neutrons?

Jonathan edwards

While serving as president of the College of New Jersey, this man agreed to be inoculated with smallpox to convince others to do the same, but died of infection. An oration by this man quotes Deuteronomy to say "their foot shall slide in due time," and compares humanity to a spider being held over a fire. For the point, name this First Great Awakening preacher who delivered the sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God."