BICSI Technician- Netcom - Chapter 1

__________ Causes a voltage difference between two wires when separated by insulation

Capacitance

__________ Is a property of conductors that allows storage of electric charges when potential differences exist between the conductors

Capacitance

A force that opposes a change in the applied voltage waveform across a conductive path is called

Capacitive reactance (Xc)

__________ __________ Is defined as the input impedance of a uniform analog transmission line of infinite length

Characteristic impedance

The transmission of analog data from video devices can be converted from analog format to digital with a __________

Codec (coder/decoder)

__________ Converts the amplitude changes of various frequencies into a digital format for transmission over digital transmission media

Codecs

Two examples of internal electromagnetic interference

Cross talk or coming from the cables shield, screen, or other metallic component that is improperly bonded and grounded

In Legacy electronic systems _____ _____ was controlled to indicate an on or off state

Current flow

__________ Is 1/10 of a bel

Decibel (dB)

__________ Express a ratio of two values, but the ratio is not linear

Decibels

__________ technology uses available band with above the POTS range on existing PSTN copper loops

Digital subscriber line (DSL)

A discontinuous signal that changes from one state to another in a number of distinct steps within fixed timeslots is called

Digital transmission

A battery is an example of a _____ source.

Direct current or DC

__________ refers to a steady value that does not change the polarity of the voltage for the direction of the current.

Direct current or DC

Net current fields we can directly with __________

Distance

Sustained power that is available during approximately 70% of the AC cycle within an AC circuit is called

Effective power

Power is derived from __________ and __________

Electrical pressure and electrical current

EMI

Electromagnetic interference

Crosstalk definition

Electromagnetic interference, internal to the cable , that comes from another pair within the sheath

EM I can be __________ or __________ to the cable

External or internal

Capacitance is measured in _____

Farads (F) but normally in microfarads

The basic unit of inductance is a __________

Henry ( H)

In AC circuits, the total opposition to current flow is called

Impedance (Z)

As frequency increases, inductive reactance (increases or decreases)

Increases

__________ is a property of an electromagnetic field built around a conductor that opposes any changes in current flow in a circuit both AC and varying DC

Inductance

_____ ______ is the transfer of energy from one circuit to another.

Inductive coupling

_____ _____ Is a force that opposes a change in the direction of current flow on a conductive path

Inductive reactance (Xl)

The energy consumed by an electrical device such as a motor, amplifier, or telephone transmitter over a period of time is typically measured in __________

Kilowatt hours (kWh)

In the AWG System smaller numbers denote _____ _______

Larger wires

Resistance changes in proportion to _____

Length

__________ Refers to the number of bits of information that can be transported over the media.

Megabit

__________ Quantifies the bandwidth of a cabling system in a frequency range of interest.

Megahertz

One millionth of a farad is a

Microfarad

__________ convert the digital signals 1s and 0s into two distinct analog frequencies

Modems

In multi-conductor cables, the two capacitance factors are

Mutual capacitance and unbalanced capacitance

One billionth of a fraud is a

Nanofarad

Return loss values are typically a (positive/negative) decimal value

Negative

Shielding is ineffective for __________ but is effective for __________

Net current fields, high-current fields

Capacitive reactance is measured in _____

Ohms

Impedance is measured in

Ohms

Inductive reactance is measured in _____

Ohms

Resistance is expressed in

Ohms

What is alien crosstalk?

Other cables, external to the cable, that cause electromagnetic interference.

Five examples of external EMI

Other cables, motors, fluorescent lighting, switching power supplies, powered radio equipment and antennas

The maximum power available in AC circuits at the specific moment in time when both the voltage and current are at their maximum is called

Peak power

The choice of a specific transport medium is influenced by 5 economics and technical considerations such as the:

Physical construction, type of services, topology and size of the network, transmission path distance, transmission performance characteristics of the cabling.

One trillionth of a farad is a

Picofarad

The most common process for voice conversion is called

Pulse code modulation (PCM)

Apparent power is a characteristic of a sea electrical units that have __________ components

Reactive

Inductors such as transformers and capacitors are examples of

Reactive components

__________ is the property of a conductor to resist the flow of electricity through it

Resistance

Impedance is the combined effects of _____, _____ _____, and _____ _____ of the circuit

Resistance, inductive reactance, and capacitive reactance

When the termination impedance does not match or equal the value of the characteristic impedance of the transmission line, some of the signal energy is reflected back toward the transmitter and is not delivered to the receiver in a process called

Return loss

Peak power is

The maximum power available in an AC circuit at the specific moment in time when both the voltage and current are at their maximum values

Frequency defined

The number of cycles a signal is repeated in a given time period.

Twisted pair cable is called balanced cable because:

The physical construction of both conductors and the associated connections transmit information electrically at the same potential referenced to ground.

Coaxial cable is unbalanced because:

The two conductors in the associated connections transmit information electrically at different potentials referenced to ground.

High-current fields weekend with

the cube of the distance (fast)

Characteristic impedance is defined as

the input impedance of a uniform analog transmission line of infinite length

The POTS signal range is transmitted between _____ and _____ Hz

300 and 3400 Hz

In the AWG system the fixed diameter for the smallest size is

36 AWG = 5 mil

In the AWG system the fixed diameter for the largest size is

4/0 AWG = 460 mil

A gauge change of _____ numbers approximately doubles or halves the conductor's diameter

6

60 cycles in 1 s = _____ Hz

60

Increases or decreases of _____ decibels will cause a doubling or halving of the voltage

6dB

Pulse code modulation samples the analog voice signal __________ times per second to create a digital voice channel of __________ bits for II

8000 times per second, 64,000 bits for second

Blank is used to indicate the existence of two binary states or conditions (on or off)

A bit

When measured in conjunction with a time element such as seconds or hours electrical power applies to —

The energy consumed by an electrical device (such as a motor, amplifier, or telephone transmitter) over a period of time

1 billion cycles in 1 s = ___________

1 gigahertz (GHz)

1000 cycles in 1 s = _______________

1 kilohertz (kHz)

1 million cycles in 1 s = _____________

1 megahertz (MHz)

1 trillion cycles in 1 s = __________

1 terahertz (THz)

Every cable or transmission line has characteristic impedance. The value of the characteristic impedance is determined by the following three factors:

(1) Metallic material and the diameter of the conductors, (2) distance between the conductors, and (3) Insulating value of the materials separating them

1 cycle in 1 s = ___ Hz

1

Increases or decreases of _____ decibels for power and _____decibels for voltage or current will cause an increase or decrease of 10 times the original value.

10 dB for power and 20 dB for voltage

Higher temperatures increase the conductor resistance by approximately _____ percent for each _____ degrees rise

2% for each 10 degrees

Humans can hear frequencies that range from _____ hertz to _____ hertz

20 Hz to 20,000 Hz

A gauge change of _____ numbers approximately doubles or halves the conductor's cross-sectional area

3

A gauge change of _____ numbers approximately doubles or halves the conductor's resistance

3

Increases of _____ decibels will result in a doubling or halving of the power

3 dB

Voice-grade transmission of speech is generally limited to between _____ hertz and _____ hertz

300 Hz and 3400 Hz

One form of DSL technology that allows faster data transmission over balanced twisted pair cabling is called

ADSL

_____ ___________ roughly represents the number of steps that were involved in the process of wire drawing

AWG System

AXT

Alien crosstalk

__________ current has a rapid increase and decrease of the voltage that cannot be perceived by the eye.

Alternating or AC

Electrical current is measured in _____

Amperes (A)

The information transmitted by an ICT system can originate in TWO fundamental forms called ________ and __________

Analog and Digital

Continuously varying electrical signals that directly follow or are similar to the changes in loudness and frequency of the input signal is called

Analog transmission

Electrical power measured in watts has two variations known as

Apparent (or reactive) power and true (or real) power

__________ Represents the information-carrying capacity of a system

Bandwidth

__________ Typically is expressed in the range of analog frequencies that can be transported or processed by the system.

Bandwidth

_____ Is a measure of analog signal strength

Bel

The contraction of the term binary digit is called a

Bit

The basic unit of digital information is called a _____

Bit (binary digit)

Unbalanced resistance contributes to the undesirable distortion of the _____

Signal

In the AWG System larger numbers denote _____ _______

Smaller wires

Three transmission methods are

Symplex, half duplex, full duplex

Power consumed solely by the connected load and any resistive losses in the associated transmission media is called

True power

Electrical pressure is usually measured in _____

Volts (V)

True power is measured in __________

Watts