Bio 1 Chapter 9

Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose (C 6H 12O 6) in aerobic cellular respiration? 2 4 18-24 30-32

30-32

In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, resulting in the production of _____. ATP, CO2, and ethanol (ethyl alcohol) ATP, CO2, and lactate ATP, NADH, and pyruvate ATP, pyruvate, and acetyl CoA

ATP, CO 2, and ethanol (ethyl alcohol)

Which of the listed statements describes the results of the following reaction? C 6H 12O 6 + 6 O 2 → 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2O + Energy C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced. O2 is oxidized and H2O is reduced. CO2 is reduced and O2 is oxidized. O2 is reduced and CO2 is oxidized.

C 6H 12O 6 is oxidized and O 2 is reduced.

Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved? It produces much less ATP than does oxidative phosphorylation. It does not involve organelles or specialized structures, does not require oxygen, and is present in most organisms. It is found in prokaryotic cells but not in eukaryotic cells. It requires the presence of membrane-enclosed cell organelles found only in eukaryotic cells.

It does not involve organelles or specialized structures, does not require oxygen, and is present in most organisms.

In liver cells, the inner mitochondrial membranes are about five times the area of the outer mitochondrial membranes. What purpose must this serve? It allows for an increased rate of glycolysis. It allows for an increased rate of the citric acid cycle. It increases the surface for oxidative phosphorylation. It increases the surface for substrate-level phosphorylation.

It increases the surface for oxidative phosphorylation.

The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to _____. yield energy in the form of ATP as it is passed down the respiratory chain act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water combine with carbon, forming CO2 combine with lactate, forming pyruvate

act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water

In respiration, beta oxidation involves the _____. oxidation of glucose oxidation of pyruvate regulation of glycolysis breakdown of fatty acids

breakdown of fatty acids

Yeast cells that have defective mitochondria incapable of respiration will be able to grow by catabolizing which of the following carbon sources for energy? glucose proteins fatty acids Such yeast cells will not be capable of catabolizing any food molecules, and therefore, will die.

glucose

During aerobic respiration, electrons travel downhill in which sequence? glucose → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen glucose → pyruvate → ATP → oxygen glucose → ATP → electron transport chain → NADH food → glycolysis → citric acid cycle → NADH → ATP

glucose → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen

Which of the following occurs in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell? glycolysis and fermentation fermentation and chemiosmosis oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA citric acid cycle

glycolysis and fermentation

An organism is discovered that thrives in both the presence and absence of oxygen in the air. Curiously, the consumption of sugar increases as oxygen is removed from the organism's environment, even though the organism does not gain much weight. This organism _____. is a normal eukaryotic organism is photosynthetic is an anaerobic organism is a facultative anaerobe

is a facultative anaerobe

The electron transport chain _____. is a series of redox reactions is a series of substitution reactions is driven by ATP consumption takes place in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells

is a series of redox reactions

The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction _____. gains electrons and gains potential energy loses electrons and loses potential energy gains electrons and loses potential energy loses electrons and gains potential energy

loses electrons and loses potential energy

Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located? mitochondrial outer membrane mitochondrial inner membrane mitochondrial intermembrane space mitochondrial matrix

mitochondrial inner membrane

During aerobic respiration, H 2O is formed. Where does the oxygen atom for the formation of the water come from? carbon dioxide (CO2) glucose (C6H12O6) molecular oxygen (O2) pyruvate (C3H3O3-)

molecular oxygen (O 2)

Most of the CO 2 from the catabolism of glucose is released during _____. glycolysis electron transport chemiosmosis the citric acid cycle

the citric acid cycle

In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate _____. two molecules of ATP are used and two molecules of ATP are produced. two molecules of ATP are used and four molecules of ATP are produced. four molecules of ATP are used and two molecules of ATP are produced. two molecules of ATP are used and six molecules of ATP are produced.

two molecules of ATP are used and four molecules of ATP are produced.